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NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Unit 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING GRAMMAR REVISION: Indirect Speech A.Khái niệm Câu gián tiếp (Indirect speech) câu tường thuật lại nội dung lời nói người khác với số chi tiết thay đổi câu cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh tường thuật Ex: They said: “ We go to school from Monday to Friday” B Các nguyên tắc chung Thay đổi động từ câu tường thuật Said said that, said to Said to told Ex: She said, “ I am a teacher” She said that she was a teacher He said to me, “ I live in the countryside” He told me he lived in the countryside She said, “ I have a younger sister” She said to Lan that she had a younger sister 2.Thay đổi ( TENSES) câu tường thuật Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Simple present Simple past Simple past Past perfect Simple future Future in the past Present continuous Past continuous Past continuous Past perfect continuous Future continuous Future continuous in the past Present perfect Past perfect Past perfect Past perfect Present Past perfect continuous perfect continuous Ex: 1.He said, “ I like apples very much” He said that he liked apples very much 2.She said, “ I am working for a foreign company” She said that she was working for a foreign company 3.He said, “ I have taught English for years” He said that he had taught English for years 4.He said, “ I bought this computer” Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội He said that he had bought this computer Thay đổi Động từ hình thái ( Modal verbs) Câu tường thuật Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Ý nghĩa Can could Khả Will Would Sự việc xảy Nghĩa vụ, lời khuyên Must Must Had to Bổn phận phải thực Would have to Nhiệm vụ phải thực thời gian xa May Should Ought to Had better Might Should Ought to Had better Khả Lời khuyên Ex: She said, “ I can play the piano” She said that she could play the piano He said, “ I must obey the traffic law” He said that he must obey the traffic law Thay đổi Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu, Tính từ sở hữu Đại từ nhân xưng (personal pronouns) Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ I => he, she Me => him, her We => they Us => them You=> I, we You => me, us Ex: He said, “ I met you on my sister’s birthday party” He told me (that) he had met me on his sister’s birthday party b Đại từ sở hữu (possessive pronouns) Mine => his, hers Ours => theirs Yours => mine, ours c Tính từ sở hữu (possessive adjectives) My=> his, her Our => their Your => my, our Ex: He said, “ I love my garden” He said ( that) he loved his garden He said, “ I met you on my sister’s birthday party” He told me (that) he had met me on his sister’s birthday party She said, “ I bought for myself a new dress on my birthday” She said (that) she had bought for herself a new dress on her birthday Thay đổi trạng từ cụm từ thời gian nơi chốn Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN This These Here Now Ago Today Tonight Tomorrow Yesterday Last night This week Next week The day before yesterday The day after tomorrow That Those There Then Before That day That night The following day/ the day after The previous day/ the day before The previous night/ the night before That week The following week/ the week after Two days before Two days after Ex: He said, “ I have to attend a conference today” He said (that) he had to attend a conference that day He said, “ My father fixed the bicycle yesterday” He said (that) his father had fixed the bicycle the day before He said, “ I finished my final exam days ago” He said (that) he had finished his final exam days before Nam said, “ I will visit my grandparents next week” Nam said (that) he would visit his grandparents the week after Trường hợp không thay đổi a Câu điều kiện loại loại => thay đổi: đại từ, tính từ mà không thay đổi câu Ex: 1.“ If I were a millionaire, I would buy that house” He said that if he were a millionaire, he would buy that house 2.“ If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t have been in trouble” He said that if I had listened to him, I wouldn’t have been in trouble b Câu trực tiếp diễn tả chân lý, hay thói quen => Giữ nguyên: câu trực tiếp Ex: He said, “ Water boils at 100º C” He said that water boils at 100ºC She said, “ I go to work at o’clock every morning” She said that she goes to work at o’clock every morning c Động từ tường thuật (ở Hiện đơn, Hiện tiếp diễn, Hiện hoàn thành hay Tương lai) không đổi: thì, trạng từ cụm từ thời gian nơi chốn thay đổi: đại từ, tính từ Ex: He says, “ I don’t feel like working today” Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội He says that he doesn’t feel like working today “ I’ve been to London before”, he has said He has said that he has been to London before d Lời nói trực tiếp có động từ tình thái could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better Ex: 1.Tom said, “You had better not contact her” Tom said I had better not contact her 2.He said, “they should/ ought to widen this road” He said they should/ ought to widen this road Lưu ý: Must có thể: => giữ nguyên =>had to ( bổn phận thực ngay) =>would have to ( bổn phận tùy thuộc vào hành động tương lai xa) Ex: An said, “I must go for a job interview tomorrow” => An said he must/ had to go for a job interview the following day e Thì khứ đơn (past simple) khứ tiếp diễn (past progessive) mệnh đề thời gian Ex: He said, “When I saw them, they were playing tennis” He said when he saw them they were playing tennis C Các kiểu câu gián tiếp Câu trần thuật ( Statements) - Dấu chấm, phảy, ngoặc kép => bỏ Túc từ ( có) => đặt sau động từ tường thuật Thì ( tenses) => thay đổi - Đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu, => thay đổi - Từ thời gian, nơi chốn => thay đổi Ex: He said, “ I met her years ago” He said that he had met her years before Nam said, “ I bought you a new book, Lan” Nam told Lan that he had bought her a new book Câu mệnh lệnh / Câu đề nghị ( Commands / Request) - said, said to => told ( bảo, lệnh), asked ( yêu cầu, đề nghị), advised (khuyên), ordered ( lệnh), invited (mời), warned ( cảnh báo)……… - Túc từ => đặt sau động từ tường thuật - V - Dấu ngoặc kép, dấu hai chấm, dấu chấm than , “ please” => bỏ => not to V / to V Ex: My mother said to me, “ Don’t put too much salt in the vegetables” My mother told me not to put too much salt in the vegetables “ Stay away from this dog It can bite you”, she said TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN She warned me to stay away from that dog as it could bite me 3.“ You should go to bed earlier”, my sister said My sister advised me to go to bed earlier Câu hỏi a Yes- No question - said, said to => asked Dấu “?” => dấu “.” Liên từ if / whether => giới thiệu nội dung câu hỏi Cấu trúc câu hỏi => câu trần thuật Ex: He said to me, “ Do you like action movies?” => He asked me if/ whether I liked action movies His sister said to him, “ Were you home yesterday” => His sister asked him if he had been home the day before b Wh – question - said, said to => asked - Dấu “?” => dấu “.” - Giữ nguyên từ để hỏi ( Wh-word) - Cấu trúc câu hỏi => câu trần thuật Ex: He said to me : “ What are you reading?” => He asked me what I was reading He said: “ How long have you been living here, Nam?” => He asked Nam how long he had been living there D Một số cấu trúc khác câu gián tiếp Let’s suggested + Ving Let’s not suggeste not + Ving Ex: “ Let go our for dinner” said my father a My father suggested going out for dinner “ Let’s not leave too early”, he said b He suggested not leaving too early Why don’t you Why not suggested + (someone) + Ving How about Ex: “ Why don’t you ask him for help”, my sister said c My sister suggested me asking him for help “ Why not invite them to the party?”, he said d He suggested inviting them to the party Shall we Ex : suggested + Ving “Shall we go to the movie?”, he said to her Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội e He suggested going to the movie Should / ought to / If I were you Ex: advised + (someone) + to V “ You should read more books”, my teacher said f The teacher advised me to read more books “ If I were you, I would take that job”, Ann said g Ann advised me to take that job Could you please / Would you like Ex: advised / invited / offered “ Could you please turn down the volume for me?”, she said h She asked me to turn down the volume for her “ Would you like to have dinner with us”, they said i They invited me to have dinner with them Reporting Verb + (someone) + preposition + Gerund Thank someone for ( cám ơn ) Accuse someone of ( buộc tội ) Congratulate someone on ( chúc mừng ) warn someone against (cảnh báo ) Dream of ( mơ ước ) Object to ( chống đối .) Apologize someone for ( xin lỗi về) Insist on ( khăng khăng đòi .) Complain about ( phàn nàn ) Ex: “ You’ve got the scholarship Congratualtions!” Nam said to me j Nam congratulated me on getting the scholarship “ I’m sorry I broke your window.” The child said k The child apologized me for breaking my window “ You’ve stolen my wallet”, the woman said to the man The woman accused the man of stealing her wallet Exclamaions ( Câu cảm thán) Tùy theo nội dung câu cảm thán, ta dùng động từ tường thuật exclaimed (kêu lên), greeted ( chào hỏi), complained ( phàn nàn), remarked ( nhận xét), cried out ( thét lên), signed ( thở dài) Ex: “ Your dress is beautiful!”, she exclaimed She exclaimed that my dress was beautiful “ Hello, how are you doing?”, he said He greeted me and asked how I was doing VOCABULARIES communication (n) /kə,mju:ni’keiʃn/ : giao tiếp TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE unwritten rules ( noun phrase) : luật bất thành văn NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN involve(v) / in’vɑlv/: bao gồm, bao hàm, liên quan at least (idiom) : determine (v) / di’tɜ:min/ : xác định, a great deal : nhiều, lượng lớn gesture (n) / ‘ʤesʧər/: điệu bộ, cử định complicated (adj) / ‘kɑ:mplə,keitəd/: phức tạp, rắc rối expression (n) / ik’spreʃn/: nét mặt nonverbal (Adj) / ‘nɑ:n ‘vəbəl/ : không dùng lời nói create (v) / kri: eit/ : tạo distrust (n) / dis’trʌst/ : nghi kị, thiếu tin cậy aware of (adj) / ə’weər/ : nhận thức frequently (adv) / ‘fri:kwəntli/: thường xuyên posture (n) / ‘pɑsʧər/ : tư facial expression ( noun phrase) / ‘feiʃəl disapproval (n) /disə’pru:vəl/: không tán thành ik’spreʃn/: biểu cảm gương mặt interpret (v) / in’tɜ:prit/ : giải thích, pay attention to / ə’tenʃn/ : ý tới hiểu slump (v) /slʌmp/: xuống be accustomed to (adj) /ə’kʌstəmd/: quen thuộc với lack (v) /lӕk/: thiếu polite (adj) / pə’lait/: lịch touch (v) /tʌʧ/: động, chạm friendliness (n) / ‘frendlinis/: thân thiện impatient (adj) / im’peiʃənt/ : thiếu kiên nhẫn stay away ( phrasal verb ): tránh xa notice (v) / ‘noʊtis/: ý, để ý superior (adj) / su:’piəriər/ : bề tap (v) / tӕp/: gõ nhẹ Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội PRACTICE I Choose the word which best fits each gap of the sentence Fortunately, I recognized him at the _, so I left the table and stopped him on time A instant B time C shift D distance Any from teachers to students’s progress will make them feel more confident A admiration B support C compliment D respect _ marriage is believed by Asian parents and they don’t let their chilren decide their marriage by themselves A Contractual B Approval C Commercial D Proposal Many American men agree that wives and husbands should in each other and share all thoughts A share B confide C rely D discuss Applicants who are chosen for the job interview next week will be _ to take a medical examination A begged B obliged C insisted D convinced After the recent scandal, the president is expected to the thing and resign from his position A precious B kindest C decent D formal We’ve achieved some results with this drug, but it won’t be suitable for all patients A marvellous B beautiful C effective D vital Some shops have doors which open by themselves at the of a customer A need B distance C approach D method These flowers are brightly coloured in order to _ butterflies A impress B protect C affect D attract 10 He was _ with rage when he knew that he was thought to steal the bicycle A apoplectic B angry C miserable D sinful A GRAMMAR: Choose the best answer 11 Jane said, “ I sent a letter to my brother.” Indirect : Jane said that _ a letter to brother A She has sent/ her B She had sent/ her C I has sent/ my D I had sent / my 12 “ It’s the first time I’ve flown Indirect: Sam said that it the first time _ A Was / he has flown B Was / he had flown C Had been / he flew D Has been / he flew TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN 13 “ I’ll see you tomorrow morning, James.” Indirect: Maria told James that the following morning A I will see you B She would see you C I would see him D She would see him 14 “ My son doesn’t like his job,” said Mrs Smith Indirect: Mrs Smith said to me that _ A My son didn’t like my job B My son didn’t like his job C Her son didn’t like his job D Her son didn’t like my job 15 “ Nobody has asked me this question before” Indirect: Susan told me that nobody _ question before A Had asked her that B Has asked me this C Would ask me that D Asked her that 16 “ I’m going away tomorrow, mother” Indirect: Leo told his mother that away the A He was going / following day B I’m going / day after C I was going/ day after D He’s going / following day 17 “ These patients don’t obey your order, Doctor” Indirect: the nurse told the doctor that A Those patient didn’t obey your order B Those patient don’t obey his order C These patient don’t obey your order D These patient didn’t obey his order 18 “ Let’s have a picnic this weekend” Indirect: Erick having a picnic that weekend A asked B agreed C suggested D invited to go out 19 “ Why don’t we go out for a drink?” Indirect: Chris for a drink A Asked to go out B Suggested going out C Told us to go out D Invited to go our 20 “ The sun sets in the west” Indirect: Yesterday the teacher said that the sun _ in the west A set B will set C is setting D sets 21 “ I must pick up my mother at the airport” Indirect: Alice told me that pick up her mother at the airport A I have to B I must have to C She would have to D She had to 22 “ Don’t go near the water, children” Indirect: She told the children _ near the water A Can’t go B Not to go C Don’t go D Wouldn’t go 23 “ Remember to lock the doors when you go out.” Indirect: The landlord me to lock the doors when A Reminded/ I went out B Asked / I go out C Ordered / I go out D Suggested / you went out Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội 24 “ Do it by yourself if you don’t believe what I say Indirect: The instructor me to by if I didn’t believe what _ A Taught / myself / he says B Asked / yourself / I say C Reminded / yourself / I said D Told / myself/ he said 25 “ Would you like some coffee?” Indirect: The woman her some coffee A invited B asked C advised D ordered 26 “ Why don’t you take a rest for a while?” Indirect: My friend me a rest for a while A Offered/ taking B Advised / to take C Asked/ to take D Reminded / taking 27 “ If you think the room is cold, shut the window, John” Indirect: My aunt told John the window if the room was cold A To shut / you think B Shutting/ you thought C To shut / he thought D Shutting/ he thinks 28 “ When was the timetable changed?” Indirect: I asked the man when A The timetable had been changed B The timetable was changed C Had the timetable been changed D Was the timetable changed 29 “ Do puppies travel free?” Indirect: The dog owner asked the ticket seller free A If puppies travelled B If puppies did travel C Whether did puppies travel D Whether puppies did travel 30 “ If I were you, I would take a course of swimming” Indirect: Andy me a course of swimming A Asked / to take B Advised / to take C Warned / taking D Suggested / taking I B READING Read the passage and choose the best answer Communicating without words A Communication involves words, but it also involves many other things Very often, we communicate a great deal without ever opening our mouths Because we speak with our eyes, gestures, and expressions, our body language is an extremely important part of communication In fact, according to some researchers, as much as sixty percent of communication is nonverbal B Nonverbal communication is not the same everywhere, however Although we all use it, we may use body language in different ways This is because each culture has its own "unwritten rules" about appropriate gestures, eye contact, and so on Thus, learning language must involve the body language of that culture Otherwise, you're learning less than half of the language C Our culture determines at least some of our body language As a result, communication between people from different countries may be complicated if neither is aware of the body language of the other For example, a South American prefers more eye contact and speaks 10 TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN more quickly than a North American He or she also uses gestures more frequently In the Middle East, people stand nearer to each other than North American are accustomed to In addition, they often touch each other during a conversation, but North American not D Difference like these can create problems in communication Sometimes, although they may not understand why, people from different cultures feel uncomfortable during conversations Such feelings may even cause distrust or disapproval If this happens to you, you should pay attention to body language - both yours and the person you're with Words may not be the problem may not be the body language 31 Our body language plays a major role in communication because we speak with A our eyes B gestures C expressions D all are correct 32 According to soem experts, there is about 40 percent of communication A unwritten B eye contact C verbal D nonverbal 33 When using nonverbal communication, it is necessary to understand the unwritten rules about appropriate gestures, eye contacts because _ A Nonverbal communication is not the same everywhere B There are different ways of speaking C Body language is extremely important D Nonverbal communication makes uo to sixty percent 34 In comparison with a North American, eye contact by a South American A May be used in a more complicated way B Is used more often C Is used differently D Is used in a simple way 35 Because of some differences of the meaning of body language, sometimes people from different countries _ A Are accustomed to nonverbal communication quickly B Do not prefer using gestures C Feel uncomfortable D Create problems in communication II Read the passage and then fill in each blank with the best completion Body language What does it say? More than half of (36) we communicate is communicated not through words but through body language This includes our postures, facial expressions, and gestures (37) _ body language is so important, you will want to know what yours is saying and (38) to interpret other people’s, too Here are some examples of body language and (39) meaning (Note: These meanings are for Norht American Interpretations may differ a bit in other cultures.) If your (40) _ is slumped and your head is down, this (41) mean that you are sad or lack confidence If your posture is straight but relaxed, you (42) confidence and friendliness A smile is (43) of friendliness and interest (44) _ people sometimes smile just to be polite To get another (45) _ from people’s face, notice their eyes Friendliness and interest are expressed (46) a person’s eyes meet yours (especially when you are the one who is 11 Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội talking) and then (47) and meet yours again A person who doesn’t look away is expressing a (48) _ A person who doesn’t look at you is expressing a lack of interest (or is shy) Hand gestures can mean a person is interested in the conversation But repeated (49) _ - like tapping a pencil or tapping a foot - often mean the person is either impatient or nervous Stay away from someone who points (50) _ you while talking with you: That person might be angry at you or feel superior to you 36 A what B which C where D who 37 A Because of B However C And D Because 38 A how much B how C what D why 39 A theirs B their C its D it’s 40 A posture B appearance C body D shape 41 A must B could C would D should 42 A can express B will express C express D are expressing 43 A a model B a note C a track D a sign 44 A Although B When C But D So 45 A meaning B clue C evidence D posture 46 A when B before C as D after 47 A look over B look up C look at D look away 48 A hint B warning C challenge D hatred 49 A movements B postures C signs D figures 50 A on B at C to D with D.ERROR INDENFICATION : Identify the error in each sentence 51 Shaking hands upon greeting and parting is customary in France The handshake should be A B firmed, but an aggressive handshake is considered impolite C D 52 Greetings are usually combined with the person’s name or a title, and usually precedes any A B C D conversation or request 53 Vietnamese generally shake hands when greeting and parting Using both hands show respect A B C as does a slight bow of the head D 54.For most social situations where some informality is allowed, a brief raise of hand and a A B C small wave is fine D 55 To atract someone’s attention so as we might speak to that person, we can use either verbal A B C D or non-verbal forms of communication 56 The communication mode what we rely on most often to carry meaning from one person to A B C another is the verbal mode D 57 One’s nonverbal communication, or body language, is usually involuntary, and the nonverbal A B 12 TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN signals are expressed through behaviour as well as verbally and also has symbolic meaning C D 58 Some people give out nonverbal body signals that say that they not want to be touched, A and there are other people who describe themselves and are describing by others as “ touchy B C D freely 59 Eye contact has the third form of nonverbal communication We tend to size each other up A B in terms of trustworthiness through reactions to each other’s eye contact C D 60 We tend to place distance between ourselves and others thanks to the kinds of relationships A B that we have and what our motives are toward each other C D E Writing Use the words to make sentences Change the form of verbs if necessary An important/ thank people / be/ of every culture For many things, / include information, / invitations and complements/ we thank people Express / ways / our/ we / gratitude / in many For something / after you be thanked / the common / most / response / be / “ You are welcome” Other ways / there be / respond / too, but / they / be not mention / here 13 Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội [...]... everywhere B There are different ways of speaking C Body language is extremely important D Nonverbal communication makes uo to sixty percent 34 In comparison with a North American, eye contact by a South American A May be used in a more complicated way B Is used more often C Is used differently D Is used in a simple way 35 Because of some differences of the meaning of body language, sometimes people... language What does it say? More than half of (36 ) we communicate is communicated not through words but through body language This includes our postures, facial expressions, and gestures (37 ) _ body language is so important, you will want to know what yours is saying and (38 ) to interpret other people’s, too Here are some examples of body language and (39 ) meaning (Note: These meanings... thank people / be/ of every culture 2 For many things, / include information, / invitations and complements/ we thank people 3 Express / ways / our/ we / gratitude / in many 4 For something / after you be thanked / the common / most / response / be / “ You are welcome” 5 Other ways / there be / respond / too, but / they / be not mention / here 13 Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 39 48 Địa chỉ: Số 18... expressing a lack of interest (or is shy) Hand gestures can mean a person is interested in the conversation But repeated (49) _ - like tapping a pencil or tapping a foot - often mean the person is either impatient or nervous Stay away from someone who points (50) _ you while talking with you: That person might be angry at you or feel superior to you 36 A what B which C where D who 37 A Because of B However... you're with Words may not be the problem may not be the body language 31 Our body language plays a major role in communication because we speak with A our eyes B gestures C expressions D all are correct 32 According to soem experts, there is about 40 percent of communication A unwritten B eye contact C verbal D nonverbal 33 When using nonverbal communication, it is necessary to understand the... contact has the third form of nonverbal communication We tend to size each other up A B in terms of trustworthiness through reactions to each other’s eye contact C D 60 We tend to place distance between ourselves and others thanks to the kinds of relationships A B that we have and what our motives are toward each other C D E Writing Use the words to make sentences Change the form of verbs if necessary 1... conversation or request 53 Vietnamese generally shake hands when greeting and parting Using both hands show respect A B C as does a slight bow of the head D 54.For most social situations where some informality is allowed, a brief raise of hand and a A B C small wave is fine D 55 To atract someone’s attention so as we might speak to that person, we can use either verbal A B C D or non-verbal forms of communication... you or feel superior to you 36 A what B which C where D who 37 A Because of B However C And D Because 38 A how much B how C what D why 39 A theirs B their C its D it’s 40 A posture B appearance C body D shape 41 A must B could C would D should 42 A can express B will express C express D are expressing 43 A a model B a note C a track D a sign 44 A Although B When C But D So 45 A meaning B clue C evidence... (42) confidence and friendliness A smile is ( 43) of friendliness and interest (44) _ people sometimes smile just to be polite To get another (45) _ from people’s face, notice their eyes Friendliness and interest are expressed (46) a person’s eyes meet yours (especially when you are the one who is 11 Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 39 48 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng... or non-verbal forms of communication 56 The communication mode what we rely on most often to carry meaning from one person to A B C another is the verbal mode D 57 One’s nonverbal communication, or body language, is usually involuntary, and the nonverbal A B 12 TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE NGOẠI NGỮ 24H 1 WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN 3 signals are expressed through behaviour as well as verbally and also has symbolic