Thuận lợi (benefi ts of tourism) Provides employment opportunities, both skilled and unskilled, because it is a labor-intensive industry Generates a supply of needed foreign exchange Increases incomes Creates increased gross national product Can be built on existing infrastructure Develops an infrastructure that will also help stimulate local commerce and industry Can be developed with local products and resources Helps to diversify the economy Tends to be one of the most compatible economic development activities available to an area, complementing other economic activities Spreads development Has a high multiplier impact Increases governmental revenues Broadens educational and cultural horizons and improves feelings of self-worth Improves the quality of life related to a higher level of income and improved standards of living Reinforces preservation of heritage and tradition Justifies environmental protection and improvement Provides employment for artists, musicians, and other performing artists because of visitor interest in local culture, thereby enhancing the cultural heritage Provides tourist and recreational facilities that may be used by a local population Breaks down language barriers, sociocultural barriers, class barriers, racial barriers, political barriers, and religious barriers Creates a favorable worldwide image for a destination Promotes a global community Promotes international understanding and peace Bất lợi (negative aspects of tourism) Develops excess demand for resources Creates the diffi culties of seasonality Causes infl ation Can result in unbalanced economic development Creates social problems Degrades the natural physical environment and creates pollution Degrades the cultural environment Increases the incidence of crime, prostitution, and gambling Increases vulnerability to economic and political changes Threatens family structure Commercializes culture, religion, and the arts Creates misunderstanding Creates confl icts in the host society Contributes to disease, economic fl uctuation, and transportation problems Railroads Passenger rail service in the United States is dominated by Amtrak and in Canada by Via Rail In Europe, Japan, and elsewhere, rail passenger transportation is much more developed and widespread, offering greater opportunities than in North America Railroads hire managers, passenger service representatives, traffic analysts, marketing managers, sales representatives, reservations clerks, information specialists, conductors,engineers, coach and lounge car attendants, and station agents Rental Car Companies sector of tourism employs reservation agents, rental sales agents, clerks of various kinds, service agents, mechanics, and district and regional managers Hotels, Motels, and Resorts regional manager, general manager, resident manager, comptroller, accountants, management trainees, director of sales, director of convention sales, director of personnel,director of research, mail clerks, room clerks, reservation clerks, front - offi ce manager,housekeepers, superintendent of service, bellhops, lobby porters, doormen, maids, chefs,cooks, kitchen helpers, storeroom employees, dishwashers, waiters, bartenders, apprenticewaiters, heating and air conditioning personnel, maintenance workers, engineers,electricians, plumbers, carpenters, painters, and laundry workers Global Distributions Systems and Online Companies principal IT strategist, senior software design engineer, network engineer, IT voice network engineer, director of software development, senior software design engineer, database developer, senior manager of strategy and marketing, market manager, sales manager, director of customer care, customer service quality director, customer service representative, marketing analyst, account manager, global recruiter, art director, fraudanalyst, fi nancial analyst, customer analyst, merchandising analyst, lodging operations manager, product manager, corporate counsel, and call center representative Travel Agencies branch manager,commercial account specialists, domestic travel counselors, international travel counselors, research directors, and advertising managers Trainee group sales consultants, accountants, fi le clerks, sales personnel, tour planners, tour guides, reservationists, group coordinators, trainees, operations employees, administrative assistants, advertising specialists, and computer specialists are other possibilities Tour Companies Tour manager or escort, tour coordinator, tour planner, publicist, reservations specialist, accountant, sales representative, group tour specialist, incentive tour coordinator, costing specialist, hotel coordinator, offi ce supervisor, and managerial positions Food Service Headwaiters, captains, waiters and waitresses, bus persons, chefs, cooks, bartenders, restaurant managers, assistant managers, personnel directors, dieticians, menu planners, cashiers, food service supervisors, purchasing agents, butchers, beverage workers, hostesses, kitchen helpers, and dishwashers Tourism Education Administrators, teachers, Professors, researchers, and support staff Tourism Research The tourism researcher plans market studies, consumer surveys, and the implementation of research projects Research jobs are available in national tourism offi ces, state/provincial travel offi ces, and private firms Travel Communications A number of opportunities are available in travel writing for editors, staff writers, and freelance writers Most major travel fi rms need public relations people who write and edit, disseminate information, develop communication vehicles, obtain publicity, arrange special events, public speaking, plan public relations campaigns, and so on A travel photographer could fi nd employment in either public relations or travel writing Television is a medium with increasing opportunities The Internet has become a major communication medium for the travel industry and provides job opportunities Recreation and Leisure Jobs in recreation and leisure are enormous Some examples are activity director, aquatics specialist, ski instructor, park ranger, naturalist, museum guide, handicapped program planner, forester, camping director, concert promoter, lifeguards, tennis and golf instructors, coaches for various athletic teams, and drama directors Many recreation workers teach handicrafts Resorts, parks, and recreation departments often employ recreation directors who hire specialists to work with senior citizens or youth groups, to serve as camp counselors, or to teach such skills as boating and sailing Management, supervisory, and administrative positions are also available Attractions Attractions such as amusement parks and theme parks are a major source of tourism employment Large organizations such as Disney World, Disneyland, Six Flags, Europa - Park, Tivoli Gardens, and Sea World provide job opportunities ranging from top management jobs to clerical and maintenance jobs Festivals and Events Festivals and events are one of the fastest - growing segments of the tourism industry Event management is emerging as a fi eld, is becoming more professional, and is providing a new source of job opportunities Events are creating offi ces and moving them to year - round operation The International Special Events Society (ISES) has a career center Visit http://www.careers.ises.com Sports Tourism Sports are popular throughout the world, with many sports teams and enterprises becoming big businesses and offering job opportunities in the management and marketing areas Tourist Offices and Information Centers Numerous jobs are available in tourist offi ces and information centers Many chambers of commerce function as information centers and hire employees to provide this information Many states operate welcome centers Job titles found in state tourism offi ces are director, assistant director, deputy director, travel representative, economic development specialist, assistant director for travel promotion, statistical analyst, public information offi cer, assistant director for public relations, marketing coordinator, communications specialist, travel editor, media liaison, media specialist, photographer, administrative assistant, information specialist, media coordinator, manager of travel literature, writer, chief of news and information, marketing coordinator, market analyst, research analyst, economist, reference coordinator, secretary, package tour coordinator,and information clerk Convention and Visitors Bureaus and Destination Management Organizations As more and more cities enter the convention and visitor industry, employment opportunities in this segment grow Many cities are devoting public funds to build convention centers to compete in this growing market Convention and visitors bureaus require CEOs, managers, assistant managers, research directors, information specialists, marketing managers, public relations staff, sales personnel, secretaries, and clerks Meeting Planners A growing profession is meeting planning Many associations and corporations are hiring people whose job responsibilities are to arrange, plan, and conduct meetings Gaming One of the fastest - growing sectors is gaming Today, one is hard - pressed to fi nd a state where gambling is not allowed or a gaming proposal is not in front of the state legislature From riverboats to Indian reservations to land - based casinos, new destinations are being created Casinos provide job opportunities ranging from managers to marketers to mechanics to clerical and maintenance jobs Other Opportunities A fairly comprehensive list of career opportunities has been presented Others that not fi t the general categories listed are club management, entertainment management, corporate travel departments, hotel representative companies, in - flight and trade magazines, and trade and professional associations ... analysts, marketing managers, sales representatives, reservations clerks, information specialists, conductors,engineers, coach and lounge car attendants, and station agents Rental Car Companies sector... fraudanalyst, fi nancial analyst, customer analyst, merchandising analyst, lodging operations manager, product manager, corporate counsel, and call center representative Travel Agencies branch manager,commercial... purchasing agents, butchers, beverage workers, hostesses, kitchen helpers, and dishwashers Tourism Education Administrators, teachers, Professors, researchers, and support staff Tourism Research The