EXERCISES ON GRAMMAR (7)

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose the underline part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.. Mark th

EXERCISES ON GRAMMAR (7)

Exercise 1 Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose the underline part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Exercise 2 Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.

Question 3 A elaborately B mysteriously C originally D necessarily

Question 4 A argumentative B Psychological C Contributory D hypersensitive

Question 5 A sandals B dental C canal D rental

Exercise 3 Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 6 Unless we take immediate precautions, we‘ll not be able to the epidemic.

Question 7.I can’t _ of a word he is saying.

Question 8 Although the hours are longer, John earns more in his new job.

A gets on B brings in (introduce a new law/ask sb to do a particular job or to be involved

in sth/make or earn money ) C makes out D takes up

Question 9 you to be offered that job, would you have to move to another city?

Question 10 After her mother died, she was raised by her grandparents.

Question 11 Jump in the car There’s enough for you.

Question 12 A: Could I speak to Susan please?

B: _

A Talking B Speaking C Calling D Answering

Question 13.Having opened the bottle, _ for everyone.

A The drink was poured B Mike poured the drink

C Mike pouring the drink D The drink was being poured

Question 14 It is time every student _work harder for the coming exam

Question 15 The concert was because of the heavy rain.

Question 16 ‘’ Would you mind turning down your stereo ?’’ - “ …….”

A I’m really sorry! I ‘m not paying attention B Oh! I’m sorry! I didn’t realize that

Question 17 Instead of being excited about the good news, Ted seemed to be .

Question 18.The only people she looks to are her parents.

Question 19 The doctor who is _ tonight in the general hospital is Mr Brown.

Question 20 My old friend and colleague, John, married.

A have just got B has just got C just have got D just has got

Question 21 The doctor gave the patient _ examination to discover the cause of his collapse.

Question 22. _ broken into when we were away on holiday.

C Thieves had our house D Our house had

Question 23 Nothing can the loss of the child.

Question 24 Conservationists that experiments on animals be stopped.

A banned B complained C said D recommended Question 25 the noise and pollution in the city, the Browns move to the countryside.

A Be tired of B Being tired of C Tired of D Were tired of

Question 26 Please look through these papers _your pleasure

A on B in C for D at (at one’s pleasure: as you want/ read for pleasure)

Question27 The house is found _down

Question 28 The ground is wet It _ rained last night.

Question 29 _ members of my family has a share in doing household chores.

Question 30 I don’t like John His _ complaints make me angry.

Exercise 4 Mark the letter on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correcting.

Question 31 The (A) reason he wants to take a leaving (B) of absence is that he (C) needs a complete (D)

rest →leave (a leave of absence: permission to be away from work)

Question 32.His boss (A) has asked (B) him to respond (C) immediately (D) this fax →immediately to Question 33 It is the writing (A) English that (B) causes difficulties (C) to foreigners (D) →the written Question 34.The (A) diameter of the Sun is more than (B) one hundred times (C) greater than (D) the

Earth →as great as

Question 35.Foreign students who are doing (A) a decision about which (B) school to attend (C) may not

know exactly where the choices (D) are located →are making

Exercise 5 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate

to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 45

Most traditional human life in deserts is nomadic It (36) in hot deserts on finding water, and on following infrequent rains to (37) grazing for livestock In cold deserts, it depends on finding good hunting and fishing grounds, on sheltering from blizzards and winter (38) , and on storing enough food for winter Permanent settlement in both kinds of deserts requires permanent water, food sources and adequate shelter, or the technology and energy sources to (39) it

Many deserts are flat and featureless, lacking landmarks, or composed of repeating landforms such as sand (40) or the jumbled ice-fields of glaciers Advanced skills or devices are required to navigate through such landscapes and (41) _ travelers may die when supplies run (42) after becoming lost In addition, sandstorms or blizzards may cause disorientation in severely-reduced visibility

The (43) represented by wild animals in deserts has featured in explorers' accounts but does not cause higher (44) of death than in other environments such as rainforests or savanna woodland, and generally does not affect human distribution Defense against polar bears may be advisable in some areas of the Arctic Precautions against snakes and scorpions in choosing (45) at which to camp in some hot deserts should be taken

Question 41 A inconsistent B incapable C inexperienced D independent

Exercise 6 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 46 to 55.

Ranked as the number one beverage consumed worldwide, tea takes the lead over coffee in both popularity and production with more than 5 million metric tons of tea produced annually Although much of this tea is consumed in Asian, European, and African countries, the United States drinks its fair share According to estimates by the Tea Council of the United States, tea is enjoyed by no less than half of the U.S population on any given day Black tea or green tea – iced, spiced, or instant – tea drinking has spurred

a billion-dollar business with major tea producers in Africa and South America and throughout Asia

Tea is made from the leaves of an evergreen plant, Camellia sinensis, which grows tall and lush in tropical regions On tea plantation, the plant is kept trimmed to approximately four feet high and as new

buds called flush appear, they are plucked off by hand Even in today’s world of modern agricultural

machinery, hand harvesting continues to be the preferred method Ideally, only the top two leaves and a bud should be picked This new growth produces the highest quality tea

After being harvested, tea leaves are laid out on long drying racks, called withering racks, for 18 to 20 hours During this process, the tea softens and becomes limp Next, depending on the type of tea being produced, the leaves may be crushed or chopped to release flavor, and then fermented under controlled conditions of heat and humidity For green tea, the whole leaves are often steamed to retain their green color, and the fermentation process is skipped Producing black teas requires fermentation during which the tea leaves begin to darken After fermentation, black tea is dried in vats to produce its rich brown or black color

No one knows when or how tea became popular, but legend has it that tea as a beverage was discovered

in 2737 B.C by Emperor Shen Nung of China when leaves from a Camellia dropped into his drinking water

as it was boiling over a fire As the story goes, Emperor Shen Nung drank the resulting liquid and

proclaimed the drink to be most nourishing and refreshing Though this account cannot be documented, it is

thought that tea drinking probably originated in China and spread to other parts of Asia, then to Europe, and ultimately to America colonies around 1650

With about half the caffeine content as coffee, tea is often chosen by those who want to reduce, but

not necessarily eliminate their caffeine intake Some people find that tea is less acidic than coffee and

therefore easier on the stomach Others have become interested in tea drinking since the National Cancer Institute published its findings on the antioxidant properties of tea But whether tea is enjoyed for its perceived health benefits, its flavor, or as a social drink, teacups continue to be filled daily with the world’s most popular beverage

Question 46 Why does the author include statistics on the amount of tea produced, sold, and consumed?

A To demonstrate tea’s popularity B To show the expense of processing such a large quantity of tea

C To explain why coffee is not the most popular beverage worldwide

D To impress the reader with factual sounding information

Question 47 Based on the passage, what is implied about tea harvesting?

A The method has remained nearly the same for a long time.

B It is totally done with the assistance of modern agricultural machinery.

C It is no longer done in China D The method involves trimming the uppermost

branches of the plant

Question 48 What does the word “they” in paragraph 2 of the passage refer to _?

A new buds B tropical regions C tea pickers D evergreen plants

Question 49 Which of the following is NOT true about the tea production process?

A Black tea goes through two drying phases during production.

B Black tea develops its dark color during fermentation and final drying.

C Green tea requires a long fermentation process D Green tea is often steamed to keep its color

Question 50 The word “documented” in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by which of the following

word?

Question 51 According to the passage, what is true about the origin of tea drinking?

A It began during the Shen Nung dynasty B It may have begun some time around 1650

C It is unknown when tea first became popular D It was originally produced from Camillia

plants in Europe

Question 52 The word “eliminate” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by which of the following word?

Question 53 According to the passage, which may be the reason why someone would choose to drink tea

instead of coffee?

A Because it’s easier to digest than coffee B Because it has a higher nutritional content than coffee

C Because it helps prevent cancer D Because it has more caffeine than coffee

Question 54 Where in the passage does the author mention research conducted on the beneficial effects of

tea drinking?

A In paragraph 4 B In paragraph 2 C In paragraph 1 D In paragraph 5

Question 55 What best describes the topic of this passage?

A The two most popular types of tea B How tea is produced and brewed

C The benefits of tea consumption worldwide D Tea consumption and production

Exercise 7 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

Question 56 You will need a sound understanding of basic teaching skills if you want to enter the

classroom with great confidence

Question 57 He was one of the most outstanding performers at the live show last night.

Question 58 They are going to suffer a lot of criticism for increasing bus fare by so much.

Exercise 8 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is

OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

Question 59 Mr Smith’s new neighbors appear to be very friendly

Question 60 If you are at a loose end this weekend, I will show you round the city.

Exercise 9 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 61 to 70

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in

such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely Air pollution requires a very

flexible definition that permits continuous changes When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled- a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today As technology has developed and knowledge of health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions

Many of more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxides and nitrogen oxides are found in nature As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various

chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles These serve as an air purification

scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities

However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city In such region, human output

may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles The result is

an concentration of noxious chemicals in the air The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will

be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur

naturally in the area For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0 08 parts per million

(ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level Carbon monoxide, however has a natural level of 0 1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm

Question 61 The word "detectable " is closest in meaning to _.

Question 62 The word "localized " is closest in meaning to _.

Question 63 The word "these" in the second paragraph refers to .

A the compounds moved to the water or soil B the various chemical reactions.

C the pollutants from the developing Earth D the components in biogeochemical cycles.

Question 64 According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only

useful if .

A the other substances in the area are known B it can be calculated quickly.

C it is in a localized area D the natural level is also known.

Question 65 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that .

A the definition of air pollution will continue to change.

B water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas.

C Most pollutants today can be seen or smelled.

D a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities.

Question 66.According to the passage, human- generated air pollution in localized regions .

A will react harmfully with natural pollutants.

C will damage area outside of the localized regions.

D can be dwarfed by nature's output of pollutants.

Question 67 The word "adversely " is closest in meaning to _.

Question 68.Which of the following is best supported by the passage?

A Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants.

B Human activities have been effective in reducing air pollution.

C One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws.

D To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly review their air pollution laws Question 69 For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling

air pollution?

A They have existed since the Earth developed.

B They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants.

C They're less harmful to living beings than other pollutants.

D They function as part of a purification process.

Question 70 What does the passage mainly discuss?

A The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere B The economic impact of air pollution.

C What constitutes an air pollutant D How much harm air pollutants can cause.

Exercise 10 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each

pair of sentences in the following questions

Question 71 No one but the experts was able to realize that the painting was an imitation It greatly

resembled the original.

A It was obvious that only a person with great talent could fake a painting so successfully.

B It was hard for ordinary people to judge between the fake painting and the real one, but not for the

experts

C It was almost impossible for amateurs to realize that the painting was not authentic, though the

experts could judge it quite easily

D The painting looked so much like the authentic one that only the experts could tell it wasn't genuine.

Question 72 The new restaurant looks good However, it seems to have few customers.

A In order to get more business, the new restaurant should improve its appearance.

B The new restaurant would have more customers if it looked better.

C If it had a few more customers, the new restaurant would look better.

D In spite of its appearance, the new restaurant does not appear to attract much business.

Question 73 I'd suggest that we avoid telling any scary stories with Janet around She’s a bit unstable and

could get hysterical.

A Janet has trouble keeping her emotions under control, especially when she is told frightening stories.

B Since Janet is somewhat unbalanced, the only way to make her laugh is by telling stories, but we

should avoid scary ones as they might cause her to panic

C It is no fun to tell frightening stories to Janet, who is not very stable mentally, because she only

laughs instead of getting scared

D Janet is somewhat mentally unbalanced and might easily become uncontrollably emotional, so let’s not tell frightening stories in her presence.

Question 74 We chose to find a place for the night We found the bad weather very inconvenient.

A Bad weather was approaching, so we started to look for a place to stay.

B The bad weather prevented us from driving any further.

C Seeing that the bad weather had set in, we decided to find somewhere to spend the night.

D Because the climate was so severe, we were worried about what we'd do at night.

Question 75 It isn't just that the level of education of this school is high It's that it's also been consistent

for years.

A The level of education in this school, which is usually quite high, shows only slight variations from

year to year

B The standard of education is not high in this school, but at least all the students are at the same level.

C Not only are the standards of education good in this school, but it has maintained those

standards over the years.

D It isn't fair to deny that this school is successful, as it has had the same high standards for many years

now

Exercise 11 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each

of the following questions:

Question 76 Diana ran into her former teacher on the way to the stadium yesterday.

A Diana caused an accident to her teacher while she was going to the stadium

B Diana’s car ran over her teacher on the way to the stadium

C Diana happened to meet her teacher while she was going to the stadium.

D Diana’s teacher got run over whole she was going to the stadium

Question 77 You should have persuaded him to change his mind

A It was essential to persuade him to change his mind but you didn’t

B You didn’t persuade him to change because of his mind

C You should persuade him to change his mind

D You persuaded him to change his mind but he didn’t listen

Question 78 When the unemployment rate is high, the crime rate is usually also high.

A The unemployment rate and the crime rate are both higher

B The higher the unemployment rate is, the higher the crime rate is.

C The unemployment rate is as high as the crime rate

D The high rate of unemployment depends on the high rate of crime

Question 79 I wish you hadn’t said that.

A I wish you not to say that B If only you didn’t say that

C I hope you will not say that D It would be nice if you hadn’t said that

Question 80 "You’re always making terrible mistakes", said the teacher.

A The teacher asked his students why they always made terrible mistakes

B The teacher realized that his students always made terrible mistakes

C The teacher complained about his student making terrible mistakes.

D The teacher made his students not always make terrible mistakes

Exercise 12 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.

1 Jane Spanish for five years now

A teaches B is teaching C taught D has been teaching

2 “Did you speak to John?” – “Yes, he his homework when I phoned him.”

3 “Are you coming out with us?” “I can’t I late tonight.”

A will work B am working C have worked D had worked

4 She is the smartest model the world

5 I ought her this morning – now it’s too late

A to have phoned B phone C phoning D to be phoning

6 “Would you mind the TV down?

7 “Did you grow up in the city?” “No When we were children we in the country.”

A would live B have lived C had lived D used to live

8 I think that Dave a new car this year

9 She’s looking everywhere – she seems something

A to have lost B to lose C to be losing D to have been lost

10 She said that she the actor several times before

11 My boss dislikes people late

12 After we , we can go to the cinema

13 He’ll have sent in his application the end of May

14 This is the village I was born

A to paint B be painted C to be painted D to have been painted

16 If only I them my secret!

A wouldn’t tell B shouldn’t tell C don’t tell D hadn’t told

17 Despite a lot of money, she’s always broke

18 That boy, father is a violinist, is very musical

19 “What did you think of her new novel?” “I think it is the book she’s ever written.”

A most interested B most interesting C more interesting D interested

20 The money not enough to pay the bill

21 That is the incredible news I’ve ever heard

22 He works than anyone else in the company

23 “Can I help you?” “I’d like a of milk, please.”

24 Paul asked Sally when go out with him

25 David to be the best player on the team

Exercise 12 Phrasal verbs and idioms 8

V): being a job, task etc Full of beans Lively

unexpectedly

Stand by sb Support sb, esp in a

excited

Stand up to Defend oneself against sb Keep ones’ fingers

Take after sb Look or act like a

2 leave the ground

3 imitate

Work a miracle Make sth that seems

impossible to happen

Take sb out Take sb to a restaurant In black and white In writing

Fill in the correct preposition or adverb.

1 If you want the day off, you’ll have to find someone to stand in for you.

2 Everyone stood up when the judge entered the court.

3 We had to set off/about at 6 am to get to the village by 2 p.m.

4 She loves travelling, so she’s decided to set up a travel agency.

5 When she was accused of the crime, all her friends stood by her.

6 He was too shy to stand up to his boss when she accused him of being lazy.

7 They set up their tent in the middle of a field.

8 He set out to become a successful lawyer but never made it.

9 The letters CD stand for ”compact disc”

10 That company has recently been taken over

11 The boss asked his secretary to take down some notes.

12 My boyfriend is taking me out tonight to celebrate St Valentine’s Day.

13 Jack is going to take up squash to get some exercise.

14 Sandra really takes after her mother, doesn’t she?

15 The plane will be taking off in a few minutes.

16 The patient had to take off his shirt for the doctor to examine him.

17 The waiter took away the plates at the end of the meal.

Fill in the correct idiom.

1 You should keep an eye on your bag or somebody might steal it.

2 After robbing the bank, he spent five years behind bars

3 I’m going next door, but I’ll be back in a flash.

4 That child is so full of beans that it’s tiring to be with him.

5 Everything will be alright Just take it easy!

6 There are a few problems, but by and large it’s a good plan.

7 We were discussing politics when out of the blue, she started talking about her daughter’s

boyfriend

8 I don’t know if they will win the Cup, but I’m keeping my finger crossed that they will.

9 Against all odds, he managed to win the race.

10 I want everything in black and white before I sign anything.

11 The decorators worked a miracle when they transformed our attic into a luxury bedroom.

12 The murderer killed his victim _in cold blood.

13 Her name rang a bell, but I couldn’t remember where I’d heard it.

14 My brother made my blood boil when he told me he had crashed my car.

Exercise 13.Fill in the correct preposition.

1 When she was ill she stayed at home for two weeks.

2 I met an old friend by chance while I was out shopping.

3 I like to spend a month at the seaside every summer.

4 We went into the centre of London by bus.

5 On his voyage round the world, he was at sea for six months (travel by sea/a cottage by the sea/The waste was dumped in the sea)

6 She didn’t mean to do that- she did it by accident.

7 I called her Mary instead of Martha by mistake.

8 They met while they were at university.

9 Two teams were organized to search for the missing boys.

10 He made up an excuse to explain why he was late to work.

11 I’m worried about Julie – she seems very unhappy lately.

12 This bus pass is valid for one month.

13 Do you know what UFO stands for ?

14 They couldn’t make out which the right house was in the fog.

15 We’ve run out of sugar again! Go and buy some!

16 He made up his face to look like a vampire’s.

17 He was saved from the burning house by the fire brigade.

18 Be sure to put out your camp-fire before you leave the campsite.

19 I’m hungry Let’s go out for lunch.

20 I found this ring quite by chance.

21 Can I play by cheque, please?

22 We went to the USA by plane.

23 I met him quite by accident.

24 You must be back home by 11.00 p.m at the latest.

25 I’m going to the shops by bicycle.

26 What shall we have for dinner?

27 That car is for sale It’s very cheap.