Index terms

Index Index terms Links 2D construction 507 2D/3D model representation 498 3D-CAD 38 3D computation 310 3D construction 507 3D contours 55 3D hollow body 68 3D molded part 493 3D printing 37 3D shell model 494 3D-splines 499 5-axis CNC control 496 39 40 42 48 179 262 264 62 A ABC method Abrasive strength 533 ACIS solid modeler 506 Activating heat 110 Actuators 469 Adhesion 401 Air 260 cooling 312 ejectors 401 434 gaps 235 578 pockets 260 591 trapping 165 178 AISI H-13 type 426 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 601 602 Index terms Alloying elements Links 11 20 39 18 40 20 80 24 235 32 alloys 12 16 22 bronze 40 461 forging alloys 17 64 Aluminum Amorphous plastics 307 Analysis systems, modal 497 structural 497 Anisotropic etching 582 Anisotropy 336 Annealing 54 for stress relief of steels 21 Annular channels 208 Annular gap 261 Annular piston 215 Anodizing 18 Apparent shear rate 187 Application protocol 505 Arc spraying 261 44 Archiving 506 Aspect ratio 577 Assembly 503 Assembly preparation 513 Automatic switch 458 Auxiliary motor 451 585 B Backpressure 105 Back-filling 44 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 603 Index terms Backing Links 19 20 Bagley correction 188 Balancing 221 Ball bushings 477 Ball notch 437 445 Band heaters 224 239 Barrel 143 146 Basic molds 95 Beams 358 Benchmarking 521 Bending 357 Beryllium-copper alloys 13 Beryllium-copper-cobalt alloys 12 Beryllium-copper 312 Bi-injection molds 256 Binders, inorganic 34 Binders, organic 34 Bismuth-tin alloys 12 Blackbody emitters 543 Blade ejector 427 Blank material Blind holes 15 375 18 52 268 Blow molding 14 Blow molds 19 Blasius’ law 301 Blush marks 156 Bombarding 582 Boolean linkage 500 Bonding 229 21 Boundary representation (B-REP) models 501 Box-shaped moldings 176 33 23 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 604 Index terms Links Brabender Plastograph 199 Branch points 242 Branches 246 Breaking force 411 B-REP models 501 Brinell hardness 52 Brushes 592 Bubblers 312 Buckling 420 Buckling, length of 428 Burned spots 574 Burns 259 Bushing proper 478 316 432 C CAD 493 concept 520 introduction 522 model 37 system 68 use 498 integrated 502 CADMOULD 136 238 493 CAE 498 Cam pins 426 Capillary viscometer 186 Caprolactams 169 Carbon content Carreau model 185 Cartridge diameter 239 498 494 507 160 365 496 169 376 464 466 21 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 194 388 207 392 605 Index terms Cartridge heaters Links 217 218 239 592 13 80 Cascade control 565 gate system 222 gates 160 gating 222 injection technique 589 Case hardening steels 233 6 Cast alloys 12 32 Casting 14 32 alloys 16 35 in ceramic molds 14 in sand molds 14 methods 32 mold 78 processes 12 process, lowpressure 68 steel grades 12 temperature 14 Cavity 111 cylindrical depth 80 44 31 161 88 358 105 110 364 420 360 90 expansion 364 layout 133 138 155 pressure 352 353 359 461 546 surface 91 pressure curve 547 wall temperature 296 Center-gated plates 172 Centering 482 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 606 Index terms Links Central design 172 Central sprue 139 Centric position 155 Ceramic 231 174 179 Ceramic casting mold 35 Ceramic molds 43 48 Cerro alloys 18 24 33 Changing frame 488 Changing molds 482 Changing plates 490 Channel distances 295 Chemical vapour deposition process (CVD) 24 Chrome plating 10 18 23 Chromium 23 64 121 134 228 353 Chromium layer 80 23 Clamping area 121 132 conditions 374 375 forces 107 115 249 355 force calculation 383 force, overall 381 force, total 366 platens 484 plates, magnetic 484 sleeve 445 slides, hydraulic 484 systems, adaptive 483 systems, integrated 483 unit 105 355 107 488 139 352 220 231 537 571 Cleaning This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 607 Index terms Links Closing forces 352 Clouds, formation of 574 C-MOLD 194 CO2 lasers 584 Coarse lead screws 453 Coating techniques 18 Cobalt-nickel alloys 19 Coefficient of heat transfer 301 Cold metal-deposition processes 540 Cold-hobbing Cold runner 24 220 242 block 243 cassettes 249 molds 248 nozzle 243 systems 144 189 technique 240 593 Cold slug 575 Collar 399 Collection channel 266 Collets 483 Color changes 217 Color effects 588 Color plots 309 Color streaks 574 Combination molds 253 Common ring gate 210 Common pocket process 249 Composition, chemical 457 238 20 Compressibility 342 344 Compression 353 361 phase 14 376 544 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 50 608 Index terms Links Compression (Continued) stage 244 strength 429 Computer-aided simulation Conical locator 493 72 Conicity 510 Connecting lines 296 308 Connectors 296 308 Consistency factor 184 Constructive solid geometry (CSG) model 500 Contact pressure 413 419 74 296 567 305 327 Contact temperature Continuous quality control monitoring (CQCTM) Contour accuracy 40 Contour factor 93 Control volume-finite difference method (CV-FDM) 496 Contura 313 Convection 292 Coolant 307 temperature 293 throughput 298 Cooling 286 a corner 311 channel 74 circuits 295 coil 313 conditions 309 elements 308 lines 262 of cores 312 process 273 rate 274 565 295 300 295 312 280 282 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 395 537 609 Index terms Links Cooling (Continued) stage 284 system 107 293 80 271 272 296 311 32 312 40 541 80 214 78 time time, computation of 277 water 135 Copper 20 232 Copper/zinc alloy 49 Copper-asbestos 320 Copper-beryllium 232 Copper-tungsten materials, sintered 312 Copy aids 508 Copy milling 508 Core base 394 cooling 312 diameter 389 length 389 233 361 material 68 71 75 mounting 74 387 399 pullers 472 shifting 75 strength support 395 surface 75 temperatures 312 tip 394 Core-back molds 254 Core-back technique 253 Core-casting machine 68 Core-casting molds 80 Core-pulling devices 471 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 610 Index terms Links Cores circular 388 collapsible 449 contour factor for 93 fusible 33 390 interchangeable 450 shifting of 385 387 11 19 300 536 Corrosion resistance 20 11 22 16 27 18 19 Cost calculation 85 100 Costs 31 135 553 100 136 111 138 121 161 125 528 Costs of parts 127 Covering metal 541 Crank 442 Crank drive 252 Crank handle 451 246 Corrosion Craters 59 Crosslinking 107 108 194 Crosslinking plastics 107 194 220 Crystalline plastics 123 307 342 CSG 500 Curing 289 process 161 reaction 288 velocity 195 Curved sprue 206 Curved tunnel gate 212 Cushion 115 Cut-off 112 196 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 629 Index terms Links Nozzle (Continued) with tips 232 externally heated 238 indirectly heated 238 internally heated 238 239 Number of cavities 115 123 127 128 134 136 138 140 405 424 222 249 164 343 NURBS 500 Nusselt number 301 Nuts 453 131 O Open nozzles 232 Opening forces 128 Opening stroke 121 134 434 453 Optical fibers Organic binders 543 34 Orientation 158 161 Orifice 149 205 O-rings 266 320 Overpacking 366 547 579 P Pacyna characteristics 101 Pallet loading 62 Panel heaters 242 Pareto principle 533 Part costs 128 Part geometry 127 Parting 510 140 396 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 401 630 Index terms Parting lines Part-in-part technique Links 92 108 109 140 155 179 244 210 260 212 309 220 364 223 539 70 Pawl pin 444 PDM 507 Pertinent influential parameter 409 Photochemical etching 62 Physical vapour deposition process (PVD) 25 65 PIDD structure 238 Pin-link chain 441 Pinpoint gate 150 153 170 172 212 214 394 215 592 233 237 293 128 134 11 23 Pits 539 Planetary electric-discharge machining 60 Planing 59 260 115 121 44 Plasticating rate Plasma Plasma discharge 582 Plasticating 105 temperature 247 unit 105 Plastometers 19 Polishability 32 55 59 Post-shrinkage 336 Pot design 480 Powder injection molding 163 Powder nitriding 107 195 Plating Polishing 543 22 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 54 631 Index terms Links Power law 183 Prandtl number 301 Precision casting 12 187 194 35 42 Precision injection molding 394 Press 352 Pressure 164 227 374 consumption 144 161 168 demand 134 distribution 396 398 drop 300 308 factor 388 function 398 lapping 57 loss 185 189 195 198 199 221 493 228 234 246 296 40 401 profile, effective 392 sensors 544 Pressure-control valves 266 Pro/Engineer CAD system 517 Probes 241 Process chain Process simulation 44 495 Processing shrinkage 335 temperature 296 time 197 windows 195 Product data management (PDM) 507 Production planning 503 Prototypes 228 488 Prototype molds 19 39 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 632 Index terms Prototyping Links 50 514 Pseudoplasticity 182 Pulling rods 252 Pull-off point 248 PVD coating 18 25 342 346 364 411 425 143 149 161 163 207 68 498 514 P-V-T diagram Q Quality 548 assurance 503 check 513 problems 164 reduction 178 Quartz sand 34 Quick-cast 47 Quick-clamping device 483 R Rabinowitsch correction 187 Rack control 251 Racks 453 Radial shaft seal 422 Radiant heating 322 Radiation 292 543 Rapid prototyping (RP) 498 514 Rapid tearing 423 Rapid tooling (RT) 35 Rapidmesh 496 Reaction casting 584 Reciprocating-screw injection 121 Redirected sprues 206 37 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 633 Index terms Links Regrind 144 Release forces 405 Remelting 539 Reproducibility 105 Residence time 290 Residual stresses 336 38 Resistance pressure welding 541 Retainer plate 399 Retainer ring 478 Return pins 433 Reversed ejection 441 sprue 436 11 Repair welding Resin casting 418 44 443 214 Reynolds numbers 192 301 Rheology 179 180 Rheometers 195 Rheopexy 182 Ribs 175 RIC technique 249 RIM 180 Ring ejectors 430 431 Ring gate 208 233 Ring nut 478 479 Rolled steels 32 Rotary barrel process 56 Rotary cores 254 Rotary spiders 254 Rotating mold systems 253 177 Roughness 59 66 261 RP 44 498 514 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 634 Index terms Links RT 35 RTV silicone 49 68 498 514 145 246 320 Rubber 108 421 144 Rubber-metal components 246 395 Runner 140 180 143 189 155 193 161 194 163 217 98 145 110 146 134 207 140 220 293 manifolds 237 system 96 143 Runnerless injection compression (RIC) technique 248 Runnerless molding 215 S Salt core technique 70 Sand blasting 56 casting 32 SAT 33 506 Sawing 54 Scorch index 194 197 Scorching 194 242 246 Sealing 318 point 425 surface 139 47 50 18 44 421 26 53 426 Selective laser sintering 39 Selective oxidation 584 Service life 43 330 534 SET 505 Setup 135 costs 136 137 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 28 240 443 31 242 450 635 Index terms Links Setup (Continued) personnel 137 Shape factor 388 melting Shaw process Shear 37 39 40 35 36 143 182 186 357 185 187 207 335 222 405 deformation 359 flow 181 heating 234 rate 164 181 184 192 217 493 stresses 164 viscosity 189 Shearing 71 Shell model 497 Shell technique 42 Shell-core technique (EOS) 47 68 Shifting of cores 385 Short shots 165 Shot capacity 134 Shot size 115 128 Shot weight 217 234 Shoulder leader pins 477 Shrink holes 575 Shrinkage 33 229 508 159 309 35 44 in thickness 336 364 parameters 39 allowance values 163 311 409 Shut-off hot-runner nozzle 579 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 636 Index terms Links Si structures 582 Side-door trim 588 SiGA technique 582 Silhouette curve 510 Silicone 320 rubber 450 rubber mold 44 Simulation techniques 194 308 Single-cavity molds 228 433 Single-screw extruder 105 Sink marks 157 Sintered metals 262 Sintering process 396 495 205 311 324 575 460 39 Sleeve ejectors 427 Sleeve forming 460 Sleeve-like parts 405 Sleeves 410 Slender core 312 Slide molds 426 445 462 99 364 421 449 309 Slides Sliding guides 537 Snap fits 447 Solidification 143 151 156 Spark erosion 65 585 Sparx process 49 Specific heat 271 Specific heat flux 298 Specific thermal capacity 328 Specific volume 342 Spiral flow 308 Split cavity 128 Split core 450 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 637 Index terms Links Split locking mechanism 376 Split-cavity molds 380 589 434 Splits 364 421 Spot welding 541 Spray etching 64 Spring model 365 Spring rate 353 Spring stiffness 355 Springs 351 443 469 Sprue 143 146 461 467 470 155 163 205 146 151 214 18 40 370 215 bushing 105 227 143 248 gate 153 205 puller gates 237 pullers 150 system 96 Sprueless injection Sputtering Stack 110 592 25 112 molds 140 Stainless steel Standard d’exchange et de transfert (SET) 223 249 375 40 505 Standard for the exchange of product model data (STEP) 505 Standard mold 115 Stationary flow 189 Statistical process control (SPC) 548 Steels 64 hardened 441 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 638 Index terms Links Steels (Continued) case-hardening 475 corrosion-resistant 10 forged 11 32 martensitic 10 martensitic-hardening prehardened pure refined rolled 32 tempered through-hardening STEP 504 505 Step-up ejector 437 Stereolithography STL Strength, abrasive 42 47 68 496 514 520 Stress cracking 324 Stress distribution 423 Stress relaxation 343 Stringing 215 Strip heaters 592 Stripper bolt 440 molds 449 plate 431 ring 437 Structural foam 157 Structural viscosity 182 Submarine gate 210 575 435 437 266 Surface blemishes design 156 65 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 441 448 639 Index terms Links Surface (Continued) finish 64 gloss 574 hardness 70 152 22 426 55 92 165 34 163 micromachining 582 models 500 pressure 409 quality 584 20 roughness 405 407 structures 35 texture treatment 18 55 T T groove 467 Tangential design 172 173 179 Taper 205 382 401 405 446 Taper angle 432 Telescopic extension 251 144 222 241 569 Temperature control 75 592 distribution 239 profile 345 sensors 227 566 Tempering of steels 21 process 13 temperature 22 Tenifer treatment 328 22 Tenter frame 590 Test specimens 488 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 640 Index terms Textured surfaces Links 66 T-grooves 461 Thermal aspects 194 balance 328 capacity, effective 292 characterization 287 closure 230 conduction 156 196 305 326 232 272 291 18 345 80 12 214 14 291 16 304 diffusivity 80 163 274 275 293 expansion 226 231 342 insulation 217 insulation plate 476 isolation 144 performance 238 separation 232 242 243 246 330 548 566 578 144 conductivity shock resistance 33 Thermocouples 241 Thermoplastic elastomers 206 Thermoplastics 10 43 107 122 161 217 264 220 Thermosets 108 198 110 220 144 248 161 276 162 328 Thixotropy 182 Threads 449 Three-platen mold 99 440 140 212 217 222 Throttle 207 208 308 Tie bars 121 132 353 TIG method 539 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 641 Index terms Tin-bismuth alloys Titanium Links 32 78 231 235 Titanium nitride 26 Toggle presses 355 Toggles 251 433 Tolerances 337 578 Tool steel 475 TOOLVAC 313 Torque 457 Transfer coefficient 296 Transfer molding 421 Transfer plunger 246 Transition metals 80 468 Translation surface 500 Transport rolls 395 Tubular heaters 235 241 242 Tunnel gate 140 437 156 162 210 248 Tungsten inert gas (TIG) 539 Turbulent flow 301 Turnarounds 199 231 235 242 246 Two-component injection molding 253 495 Two-platen mold 248 66 208 421 68 215 446 110 235 461 U Umbrella gate 208 Undercuts 55 151 401 475 60 205 405 Unscrewing devices 99 450 Unscrewing molds 312 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 642 Index terms Unsrewing devices Links 99 V Vacuum forming Vacuum unit Vanadium 14 584 578 Variothermal cooling 320 Variothermal heating 321 V-belt 452 V-chain 452 Venting 75 432 259 596 channels 261 262 gaps 261 262 264 pins 179 262 432 Vertical eroding 60 Vibratory grinding 56 578 266 268 419 182 192 Viscoelasticity 180 Viscosity 108 144 168 195 207 493 205 311 205 345 343 345 349 164 372 208 209 Viscous flow behavior 186 Voids 157 Volume 284 balancing 223 contraction 151 expansion 352 shrinkage 336 Vulcanization 196 W Wall adhesion 189 Wall thickness 156 358 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation 348 643 Index terms Links Warpage 311 Water-jet pump 262 Wear 146 528 162 538 437 441 443 20 22 23 27 160 209 164 223 165 256 169 179 14 26 539 16 33 49 183 185 Zinc 14 32 Zinc alloys 12 14 Wear resistance 345 162 Weld lines Welding Welding repairs 539 Wet etching 581 Wireframe models 499 WLF equation 186 Z Zamak Zero viscosity 49 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation