Khúa h c luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Mụn Húa h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Danh phỏp cỏc h p ch t h u c DANH PHP CC H P CH T H U C (BI T P T LUY N) Giỏo viờn: V KH C NG C Cỏc bi t p ti li u ny c biờn so n kốm theo bi gi ng Danh phỏp cỏc h p ch t h u c thu c Khúa h c luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Mụn Húa h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) t i website Hocmai.vn giỳp cỏc B n ki m tra, c ng c l i cỏc ki n th c c giỏo viờn truy n t bi gi ng t ng ng s d ng hi u qu , B n c n h c tr c bi gi ng Danh phỏp cỏc h p ch t h u c sau ú lm y cỏc bi t p ti li u ny I Cõu h i m c trung bỡnh Cõu 1: H p ch t (CH3)2C=CHC(CH3)2CH=CHBr cú danh phỏp IUPAC l: A 1-brom-3,5-trimetylhexa-1,4-ien B 3,3,5-trimetylhexa-1,4-ien-1-brom C 2,4,4-trimetylhexa-2,5-ien-6-brom D 1-brom-3,3,5-trimetylhexa-1,4-ien Cõu 2: Danh phỏp IUPAC c a d n xu t halogen cú cụng th c c u t o : ClCH2CH(CH3)CHClCH3 l: A 1,3-iclo-2-metylbutan B 2,4-iclo-3-metylbutan C 1,3-iclopentan D 2,4-iclo-2-metylbutan Cõu 3: (A) l ch t no ph n ng d i õy: A Br2 Br CH2 CH2 CH2 Br A propan B 1-brompropan C xiclopopan D A v B u ỳng Cõu 4: Tờn c a anken X cú cụng th c c u t o CH3CH2C(CH3)=CHCH3 l: A isohexan B 3-metylpent-3-en C 3-metylpent-2-en D 2-etylbut-2-en Cõu 5: Cho cỏc ch t sau: 2-metylbut-1-en (1); 3,3-imetylbut-1-en (2); 3-metylpent-1-en (3); 3-metylpent-2-en (4) Nh ng ch t ng phõn c a l: A (3) v (4) B (1), (2) v (3) C (1) v (2) D (2), (3) v (4) Cõu 6: Hirat húa anken ch t o thnh ancol (r u) Hai anken ú l: A eten v but-2-en B propen v but-2-en C 2-metylpropen v but-1-en D eten v but-1-en (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i A 2007) Cõu 7: Khi tỏch n c t ancol 3-metylbutan-2-ol, s n ph m chớnh thu c l: A 2-metylbut-3-en B 3-metylbut-2-en C 3-metylbut-1-en D 2-metylbut-2-en (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i A 2008) Cõu 8: Oxi hoỏ khụng hon ton ancol isopropylic b ng CuO nung núng, thu c ch t h u c X Tờn g i c a X l: A metyl phenyl xeton B propanal C metyl vinyl xeton D imetyl xeton (Trớch thi n sinh Cao ng 2010) Cõu 9: Cho cỏc ch t: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metylbut-2-en Dóy g m cỏc ch t sau ph n ng v i H2 (d , xỳc tỏc Ni, to), cho cựng m t s n ph m l: A xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en B but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en C xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en D 2-metylpropen, cis-but-2-en v xiclobutan Cõu 10: H p ch t 2-metylbut-2-en l s n ph m chớnh c a ph n ng tỏch t ch t no d i õy: A 2-brom-2-metylbutan B 2-metylbutan -2- ol C 3-metylbutan-2- ol D T t c u ỳng Cõu 11: Ankaien B +Cl2 CH2ClC(CH3)=CH-CH2Cl-CH3 V y A l: A 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien B 4-metylpenta-2,4-ien C 2-metylpenta-1,4-ien D 4-metylpenta-2,3-ien Cõu 12: Cho Ankaien A +brom(dd) 1,4-ibrom-2-metylbut-2-en V y A l: A 2-metylbuta-1,3-ien C 3-metylbuta-1,3-ien Hocmai.vn Ngụi tr ng chung c a h c trũ Vi t T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Khúa h c luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Mụn Húa h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Danh phỏp cỏc h p ch t h u c B 2-metylpenta-1,3-ien D 3-metylpenta-1,3-ien A 4-metylpent-2-in B 2-metylpent-3-in C 4-metylpent-3-in D 2-metylpent-4-in Cõu 13: M t ankylbenzen A (C12H18) c u t o cú tớnh i x ng cao A l: A 1,3,5-trietylbenzen B 1,2,4-trietylbenzen C 1,2,3-trimetylbenzen D 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaetylbenzen H SO4 d B + H2O B l: Cõu 14: mol nitrobenzen +1 mol HNO3 to A m-initrobenzen B o-initrobenzen C p-initrobenzen D B v C u ỳng Cõu 15: Cho s ph n ng: C2H2 A B m-brombenzen A v B l n l t l: A benzen, nitrobenzen B benzen, brombenzen C nitrobenzen, benzen D nitrobenzen, brombenzen Cõu 16: Cho s ph n ng: Benzen A o-brom-nitrobenzen A l: A nitrobenzen B brombenzen C aminobenzen D o-ibrombenzen Cõu 17: ankylbenzen A(C9H12),tỏc d ng v i HNO3 c (H2SO4 c) theo t l mol 1:1 t o d n xu t mononitro nh t V y A l: A n-propylbenzen B p-etyl,metylbenzen D iso-propylbenzen D 1,3,5-trimetylbenzen Cõu 18: M t h p ch t h u c cú vũng benzen cú CT GN l C3H2Br v M = 236 G i tờn h p ch t ny bi t r ng h p ch t ny l s n ph m chớnh ph n ng gi a C6H6 v Br2 (xỳc tỏc Fe): A o-ho c p-ibrombenzen B o-ho c p-ibromuabenzen C m-ibromuabenzen D m-ibrombenzen Cõu 19: Cho cỏc ch t sau: C6H5CH2Cl ; CH3CHClCH3 ; Br2CHCH3 ; CH2=CHCH2Cl Tờn g i c a cỏc ch t trờn l n l t l: A benzyl clorua; isopropyl clorua; 1,1-ibrometan; anlyl clorua B benzyl clorua; 2-clopropan; 1,2-ibrometan; 1-cloprop-2-en C phenyl clorua; isopropylclorua; 1,1-ibrometan; 1-cloprop-2-en D benzyl clorua; n-propyl clorua; 1,1-ibrometan; 1-cloprop-2-en Cõu 20: A la ancol n ch c co % O (theo khụi l ng) l 18,18% A cho phan ng tach n c tao anken A co tờn la: A Pentan-1-ol B 2-metylbutan-2-ol C pentan-2-ol D 2,2-imetyl propan-1-ol Cõu 21: Khi cho a mol m t h p ch t h u c X (ch a C, H, O) ph n ng hon ton v i Na ho c v i NaHCO3 thỡ u sinh a mol khớ Ch t X l: A etylen glicol B axit aipic C axit 3-hiroxipropanoic D ancol o-hiroxibenzylic (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i B 2009) Cõu 22: Trong ca c chõt : xiclopropan, benzen, stiren, metyl acrylat , vinyl axetat , imetyl ete , sụ chõt co kh n ng lm m t mu n c brom l: A B C D (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i B 2010) Cõu 23: Cho cac chõt: (1) axit picric; (2) cumen; (3) xiclohexanol; (4) 1,2-ihiroxi-4-metylbenzen; (5) 4metylphenol; (6) -naphtol Cỏc ch t thu c lo i phenol l: A (1), (3), (5), (6) B (1), (2), (4), (6) C (1), (2), (4), (5) D (1), (4), (5), (6) (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i B 2010) Cõu 24: t chỏy hon ton 5,4 gam m t hirocacbon A r i cho s n ph m chỏy i qua bỡnh I ng dung d ch H2SO4 c, d ; bỡnh II ng dung d ch Ba(OH)2 d th y kh i l ng bỡnh I t ng 5,4 gam; bỡnh II t ng 17,6 gam Bi t A khụng tỏc d ng v i dung d ch AgNO3/NH3 A l: A But-1-in B But-2-in C Buta-1,3-ien D B ho c C II Cõu h i m c khú/c c khú Cõu 25: Hai xicloankan M v N u cú t kh i h i so v i metan b ng 5,25 Khi tham gia ph n ng th clo (cú chi u sỏng, t l mol 1:1) M cho s n ph m th cũn N cho s n ph m th Tờn g i c a cỏc xicloankan N v M l: Hocmai.vn Ngụi tr ng chung c a h c trũ Vi t T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Khúa h c luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Mụn Húa h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Danh phỏp cỏc h p ch t h u c A metyl xiclopentan v imetyl xiclobutan B Xiclohexan v metyl xiclopentan C Xiclohexan v n-propyl xiclopropan D C A, B, C u ỳng Cõu 26: t chỏy hon ton 0,2 mol m t ancol X no, m ch h c n v a 17,92 lớt khớ O2 ( ktc) M t khỏc, n u cho 0,1 mol X tỏc d ng v a v i m gam Cu(OH)2 thỡ t o thnh dung d ch cú mu xanh lam Giỏ tr c a m v tờn g i c a X t ng ng l: A 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol B 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol C 4,9 v propan-1,3-iol D 4,9 v glixerol (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i A 2009) Cõu 27: Anken X cú cụng th c phõn t l C5H10 X khụng cú ng phõn hỡnh h c Khi cho X tỏc d ng v i KMnO4 nhi t th p thu c ch t h u c Y cú cụng th c phõn t l C5H12O2 Oxi húa nh Y b ng CuO d thu c ch t h u c Z Z khụng cú ph n ng g ng V y X l: B But-1-en A 2-metyl buten-2 C 2-metyl but-1-en D But-2-en Cõu 28: t chỏy hon ton x mol axit cacboxylic E, thu c y mol CO2 v z mol H2O (v i z = y x ) Cho x mol E tỏc d ng v i NaHCO3 (d ) thu c y mol CO2 Tờn c a E l: A axit fomic B axit acrylic C axit oxalic D axit aipic (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i A 2011) Cõu 29: Cho s ph n ng: + HCN trùng hợp đồng trùng hợp CH CH X; X polime Y; X + CH =CH-CH=CH polime Z Y v Z l n l t dựng ch t o v t li u polime no sau õy: A T nitron v cao su buna-S B T capron v cao su buna C T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren D T olon v cao su buna-N (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i A 2011) Cõu 30: Cho dóy chuy n hoỏ sau: KOH / C2 H5OH + C2 H + Br2 , as Benzen X Y Z (trong X, Y, Z sản phẩm chính) tỷ lệ mol 1:1 xt, t o to Tờn g i c a Y, Z l n l t l: A 2-brom-1-phenylbenzen v stiren B 1-brom-2-phenyletan v stiren C 1-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren D benzylbromua v toluen (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i A 2011) Cõu 31: Cho s chuy n hoỏ sau : Br2 (1:1mol),Fe,t NaOH(dử ),t ,p HCl(dử ) Toluen X Y Z Trong ú X, Y, Z u l h n h p c a cỏc ch t h u c , Z cú thnh ph n chớnh g m A m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol B benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen C o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen D o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i B 2008) Cõu 32: Cho s ụ chuyờn hoa sau: H ,t xt,t Z C2 H X Y Cao su buna N Pd,PbCO t ,xt,p Cỏc ch t X, Y, Zlõn l t la : A benzen; xiclohexan; amoniac B axetanehit; ancol etylic; buta-1,3-ien C vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; stiren D vinylaxetilen; buta-1,3-ien; acrilonitrin (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i B 2010) Cõu 33: Hai h p ch t h u c X v Y cú cựng CTPT l C3H7NO2, u l ch t r n i u ki n th ng Ch t X ph n ng v i dd NaOH, gi i phúng khớ Ch t Y cú ph n ng trựng ng ng Cỏc ch t X v Y l n l t l: A vinylamoni fomat v amoni acrylat B amoni acrylat v axit 2-aminopropionic C axit 2-aminopropionic v amoni acrylat D axit 2-aminopropionic v axit 3-aminopropionic (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i B 2010) Hocmai.vn Ngụi tr ng chung c a h c trũ Vi t T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Khúa h c luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Mụn Húa h c (Th y V Kh c Ng c) Danh phỏp cỏc h p ch t h u c Cõu 34: H n h p X g m axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic trung hũa m gam X c n 40 ml dung d ch NaOH 1M M t khỏc, n u t chỏy hon ton m gam X thỡ thu c 15,232 lớt khớ CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O % kh i l ng c a axit linoleic m gam h n h p X l: A 30% B 37,5% C 62,5% D 60,9% Cõu 35: Dóy g m cỏc ch t u cú kh n ng tham gia ph n ng trựng h p l: A 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten; propilen; stiren; vinyl clorua B buta-1,3-ien; cumen; etilen; trans-but-2-en C stiren; clobenzen; isopren; but-1-en D 1,2-iclopropan; vinylaxetilen; vinylbenzen; toluen (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i B 2009) Cõu 36: Cho hirocacbon X ph n ng v i brom (trong dung d ch) theo t l mol : 1, thu c ch t h u c Y (ch a 74,08% Br v kh i l ng) Khi X ph n ng v i HBr thỡ thu c hai s n ph m h u c khỏc Tờn g i c a X l A but-1-en B but-2-en C propilen D xiclopropan (Trớch thi n sinh H C kh i B 2009) Cõu 37: Khi cho ankan X (trong phõn t cú ph n tr m kh i l ng cacbon b ng 83,72%) tỏc d ng v i clo theo t l s mol 1:1 (trong i u ki n chi u sỏng) ch thu c d n xu t monoclo ng phõn c a Tờn c a X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; Cl = 35,5) A 2-metylpropan B 2,3-imetylbutan C butan D 3-metylpentan (Trớch thi n sinh Cao ng 2007) Cõu 38: t chỏy hon ton m t hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO2 v 0,132 mol H2O Khi X tỏc d ng v i khớ clo (theo t l s mol 1:1) thu c m t s n ph m h u c nh t Tờn g i c a X l: A 2-Metylbutan B etan C 2,2- imetylpropan D 2-Metylpropan (Trớch thi n sinh Cao ng 2008) Giỏo viờn: V Kh c Ng c Ngu n: Hocmai.vn Ngụi tr ng chung c a h c trũ Vi t T ng i t v n: 1900 58-58-12 Hocmai.vn - Trang | -