underground mine design

An underground design begins with the centreline. The creation of a centreline can be performed by many different functions within Surpac, but is basically the creation of three-dimensional points in space

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Underground Mine Design

in Surpac 6.0

August 2007

www.gemcomsoftware.com

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This software and documentation is proprietary to Gemcom and, except where expressly provided otherwise, does not form part of any contract Changes may be made in products or services at any time without notice

Gemcom publishes this documentation for the sole use of Gemcom licensees Without written permission you may not sell, reproduce, store in a retrieval system, or transmit any part of the documentation For such permission, or to obtain extra copies please contact your local Gemcom office or visit

www.gemcomsoftware.com

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual, we assume no responsibility for errors or omissions Neither is any liability assumed for damage resulting from the use of the information contained herein

Gemcom Software International Inc Gemcom, the Gemcom logo, combinations thereof, and Whittle, Surpac, GEMS, Minex, Gemcom InSite and PCBC are trademarks of Gemcom Software International Inc or its wholly-owned subsidiaries

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Table of Contents

Introduction 4

Requirements 4

Objectives 4

Workflow 5

Underground Design Concepts 6

Setting the Work Directory 7

Task: Setting the Work Directory 7

Creating a Centreline Design 8

Task: Viewing the Data 8

Task: Creating a Centreline Between Ore Zones 10

Task: Creating Access Drives to the Ore Zones 15

Task: Creating the Main Decline 21

Creating Road Outlines 33

Task: Creating a Road Outline of Fixed Width 33

Task: Creating a Road Outline of Variable Width 35

Creating a Solid 39

Task: Viewing Profiles 39

Task: Producing a DTM by Triangulating the Centreline and Profiles 43

Task: Calculating Volume of Underground Design 47

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• The dataset accompanying this tutorial

• A basic knowledge of Surpac string files and editing tools as covered in the Introduction to Surpac manual

Objectives

The objective of this tutorial is to allow you to understand some of the string editing tools available in Surpac to create a decline and production access points into stopes

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Introduction Workflow

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Workflow

The process of performing underground mine design described in this tutorial is only one of many

different approaches There is no single set of steps which is generally employed in the process

You may want to start from the top and go down, from the bottom and design up, or start in the middle of the deposit and proceed up and down at the same time The workflow you adopt will generally be the one which you find best for you

In this tutorial the workflow is as follows:

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Underground Design Concepts Workflow

• Drive – a tunnel, or opening in rock, also known as a drift, or crosscut

• Stope – a 3-dimensional area (usually ore) which is to be mined out by blasting a series of long holes or ring design holes

Underground Mine Design Concepts in Surpac

There are many different scenarios where underground mine designs are to be created

In this tutorial, you will use:

• 3D solid models of designed stopes

• strings representing ore outlines at each level where a design is to be created

• a point representing the location on the surface which is an entrance to the underground mine

You will open files containing this data into graphics, and then use various editing and point creation tools

to create the underground mine design

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Setting the Work Directory Task: Setting the Work Directory

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Setting the Work Directory

A work directory is the default directory for saving Surpac files Files used in this tutorial are stored in the

folder:

<installation directory>\demo_data\tutorials\underground_mine_design

where <installation directory> is the directory in which Surpac was installed

Task: Setting the Work Directory

1 In the Surpac Navigator, right-click the underground_mine_design folder

2 From the popup menu, select Set as work directory

The name of the work directory is displayed in the title bar of the Surpac window

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Creating a Centreline Design Task: Viewing the Data

Prior to performing the exercises in this chapter, you should have:

• a basic knowledge of Surpac string files and editing tools, as covered in the Introduction to Surpac manual

Task: Viewing the Data

3 Open stopes1.dtm This file represents two parallel ore zones

4 Open ugdes_final1.dtm

You will be creating a part of the file ugdes_final1.dtm in this tutorial It consists of a series of

three-dimensional solid objects representing an underground mine design

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Creating a Centreline Design Task: Viewing the Data

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5 Click the eye icon in the Layers pane for the layer stopes.dtm to hide the stopes

6 Choose View > Surface view options > Hide triangle faces to hide the drives

7 Choose Display > Strings > With string numbers

8 Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply

Strings 10 and 11 represent the centreline string numbers in the final design

You should see the following:

This is what you will produce in this tutorial

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Creating a Centreline Design Task: Creating a Centreline Between Ore Zones

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Task: Creating a Centreline Between Ore Zones

You will now create a centreline midway between the two ore zones at the 200 level

1 Click the Reset graphics icon

2 Open lev215.str

This file represents a small part of the existing workings at the 215 level String 215 is the outline

of the existing workings, and string 1 is the design centreline

The start point of string 1 is the point at which the production crew will begin mining to implement the design Although mining will begin at this point, you do not have to begin the design at this point In this case, you will begin the design at the ore zone, and work back to this point

3 Open stopes1.str

4 Spin the data around to get an idea of how the strings are formed in 3D space

5 Choose Display > Strings > With string numbers to display all strings with numbers

6 Choose Inquire > Point properties, and click several different segments

Notice that the string numbers correspond with the Z value of the strings

You will now create a design starting from the 200 level up to lev215.str

7 Choose Display > Hide everything

8 Choose Display > Strings > With string numbers

9 Enter the information as shown, and then click Apply to display only string 200

10 Set main graphics layer as the current layer as shown

Note: The main graphics layer currently does not contain any data

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13 Choose Create > Digitise > New midpoint

14 Click two points on the north end of the ore zones to create a point midway between the two selected points, as shown:

15 Click two points on the south end of the ore zones to create another point midway between the two selected points, as shown:

16 Press ESCAPE to terminate the input to the function

The Z value of the created points will be equal to the average of the Z values of the two selected points In this case, where the Z value of both points is 200, the Z value of the new points will also

be 200

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Next, suppose you want to move the end of the drive (the first point created) 50 meters to the southeast, along the line between the two points

17 Choose Create > Points > Change point mode

Note: Point modes can be accessed directly from the Main toolbar, as shown in the image above

18 Choose Create > Points > On line between any points

19 Click the first point created in string 10 (ie the point to be moved), and then click the second point created in string 10

The point will be moved 50 meters as shown

Next, you will create points along the centreline every 50 meters from the first point (the northern end of the drive) to the second point (the southern end of the drive)

22 Choose Create > Points > Insert point mode

23 Choose Create > Points > Multiple points by subdividing

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24 Click the northern end of string 10, then the southern end of string 10

25 Enter the following information, and then click Apply

New points will be created every 50 meters from the first point to the second point

You should see an image as shown

27 Choose Display > Point > Numbers

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Points 2, 3, and 4 have now been inserted in between the northern endpoint and the southern endpoint of the centreline:

These points will serve as the starting points for the access drives to the ore zones

29 Save the centreline string to the file ugdes1.str

If you want to see all of the steps performed in this chapter, run:

_01_create_centreline_between_ore_zones.tcl

Note: If the macro pauses, displaying “Click in graphics to continue” in the message window, you will need to click in graphics to allow the macro to continue Also, you will need to click Apply on any forms presented

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Creating a Centreline Design Task: Creating Access Drives to the Ore Zones

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Task: Creating Access Drives to the Ore Zones

You will now create centrelines for these access drives from string 10 to the ore zones

1 Click the Design string button on the Status bar at the bottom of the main Surpac window

(currently displaying Str = 10)

3 Choose Create > Points > Add point mode

4 Choose Create > Points > By angle

5 Click point 2, and then click point 1

This is one way of creating a point in string 11 at the same location as point 1 in string 10 Next, you will create the endpoint of the access drive using the same function

7 Without cancelling the previous function, click point 2, and then click point 1

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This will create a new segment of string 11 that will extend beyond the western ore zone as shown You will clip this to the edge of the ore zone later

9 Choose Create > New segment

You need to do this between segments so that the end of the first segment is not connected to the beginning of the second segment

10 Choose Create > Points > By angle

11 Click point 2, and then click point 1 again

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13 Without cancelling the previous function, once again click point 2, and then click point 1

You now have two segments of string 11 representing the centreline of ore access drives left and right off the main drive

15 Choose Display > Hide temporary markers

You will now copy both segments of this string to points 2, 3, and 4

16 Using the combobox on the Status Items toolbar, set the snap mode to Point as shown

17 Choose Edit > String > Copy

18 Click string 11 near point 1, and drag to point 2

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Note: In order to correctly select a string or segment in Surpac, do NOT select a point common to two or more strings

In this case, in order to select string 11, you would not want to position the cursor right on top of point 1, as this point is common to string 10 and string 11, and you could not be certain exactly which string you will select

A copy of both segments of string 11 will now be created at point 2

Notice that there are two additional points on string 10 (point 3 and point 4) where you need access

drives You can continue using the String Copy function to create drives for these points

20 Click string 11 again near point 1, drag to point 3 and release

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22 Press ESCAPE to terminate input to the copy string function

All eight access drives are created as shown

The last step is to trim the access drives back to the ore zones

23 Click the icon to return to plan view

24 Choose Edit > Trim > Clip by selected segment

26 Click one segment of string 200

All portions of segments inside the selected ore zone are removed

28 Click the other segment of string 200

29 When the form appears again, click Cancel to terminate the function

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You should now see all portions of segments inside both ore zones removed:

You will now remove the portions of string 11 that are extended beyond the ore zones

30 Choose Edit > Segment > Delete

31 Click the portion of each segment extended beyond the ore zones

32 Press ESCAPE to terminate the function

33 Choose Display > Hide temporary markers

You should see the following:

34 Save as ugdes1.str, overwriting the previous contents

If you want to see all of the steps performed in this chapter, run:

_02_create_access_drives_to_ore_zones.tcl

Note: If the macro pauses, displaying “Click in graphics to continue” in the message window, you will need to click in graphics to allow the macro to continue Also, you will need to click Apply on any forms presented

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Creating a Centreline Design Task: Creating the Main Decline

• The gradient from the Access Point to the Start of the Decline will be flat

• The gradient from the Start of the Decline to the End of the Decline can be no more than 15%

• Curve 1 will have a radius of 20 meters

• Curves 2 and 3 will have a radius of 30 meters

• There must be a 5 meter straight section between curves 2 and 3

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1 Double click on lev215.str in the Layers pane to make it the active layer

2 Choose Display > Strings > With string numbers to display all strings in the layer

String 215 is the outline of the existing workings, and string 1 is the design centreline

The end of string 1 is the point which our design must tie into the existing workings For this tutorial, it will

be referred to as the "Access Point" Both strings represent the elevation of the floor

You need to know the elevation of the Access Point, and of point 5 on string 10 (labelled as "End of Decline" in the previous design image)

3 Choose Inquire > Point properties to determine the elevation of the two points

You should see:

Elevation of Access Point: 216.98

Elevation of End of Decline: 200.00

This means that you have to travel 16.98 meters vertically to get from the access point to the end

of the decline

You also need to know the bearing of the design centreline (string 1) from lev215.str, and the bearing of string 10 from ugdes1.str

4 Choose Inquire > Bearing and Distance between two points

5 Click the end of string 1, then the beginning of string 1

You should see: Bearing = 255.0000

7 Zoom out to see the access drives then zoom in to get a good view of points 4 and 5

8 Choose Inquire > Bearing and Distance between two points

9 Click point 5, then point 4 on string 10 in ugdes1.str

You should get something like: Bearing = 334.3332

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In this example, you will create the curve first, and then move it

11 Set the main graphics layer as the current layer

12 Choose Create > Points > Add points mode

13 Set the snap mode to No Snap

14 Set the Design string as 10 and leave the Design gradient set to zero percent

15 Choose Display > Point > Numbers

17 Choose Display > Point > Markers

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