Bài tập trắc nghiệm môn hóa học (12)

BI TP TRC NGHIM ANEHIT XETON Cõu 1: Cho cỏc dung dch thuc th: AgNO3/NH3; Br2; Na2CO3; quỡ tớm, KMnO4 S thuc th cú th dựng phõn bit cht: etanal (anehit axetic), propan2on (axeton) v pent1in (pentin1) l:A B C D Cõu 2: Cho 2,44 g hn hp A gm hai andehit no, n chc cú phõn t hn kộm 14 vc tỏc dng vi dung dch AgNO NH3 sinh 6,48 g Ag CTPT cỏc cht hn hp A l: A C2H5CHO, C3H7CHO B C3H7CHO, C4H9CHO C5H11CHO D C5H11CHO, C6H13CHO C C4H9CHO, Cõu 3: t chỏy mt hn hp cỏc ng ng ca anehit ta thu c n CO2= nH2O Cỏc cht ú thuc ng ng no cỏc cht sau? A Anehit n chc no B Anehit vũng no D Anehit khụng no n chc C Anehit hai chc no Cõu 4: Cho Andehit cú CTCT: CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CHO Theo danh phỏp IUPAC andehit trờn cú tờn gi l: A 5-etyl-3-metylhexanal B 3,5-dimetylhept-7-al dimetylheptanal D 2-etyl-4-metylheptanl C 3,5- Cõu 5: CH3CHO phn ng vi nhng cht no? A H2, CuO, H2O B dung dch Br2, Na D H2, dung dch AgNO3/NH3 C Na, O2, dung dch Cu(OH)2 Cõu 6: Mt hn hp X gm hai anehit A, B n chc Cho 0,25 mol hn hp X tỏc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d to 86,40 gam kt ta Bit MA < MB A ng vi cụng thc phõn t no di õy? A C2H3CHO B HCHO C CH3CHO D C2H5CHO Cõu 7: Hp cht hu c X (CxHyOz) cú phõn t nh hn 90 g/mol X tham gia phn ng gng v cú th tỏc dng vi H2/Ni, t0, sinh mt ancol cú cacbon bc bn phõn t Cụng thc ca X l: A (CH3)3CCH2CHO (CH3)2CHCH2CHO B (CH3)2CHCHO C (CH3)3CCHO D Cõu 8: Cho cỏc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2 S cht cú phn ng vi C2H5CHO l:A B C D Cõu 9: Hp cht hu c A cha cỏc nguyờn t C, H, O, ú cacbon chim 50% lng Trong A ch cú mt loi nhúm chc, cho mol A tỏc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d ta thu c mol Ag Cụng thc cu to ca A l: A OHC-(CH2)2-CHO B (CHO)2 C OHC-CH2-CHO D HCHO Cõu 10: Anehit cú th tham gia phn ng gng v phn ng vi H (Ni, t0) Qua hai phn ng ny chng t anehit A khụng th hin tớnh kh v tớnh oxi hoỏ B ch th hin tớnh oxi hoỏ C ch th hin tớnh kh D th hin c tớnh kh v tớnh oxi hoỏ Cõu 11: Ch dựng mt húa cht no di õy phõn bit hai bỡnh mt nhón cha khớ C2H2 v HCHO? A Dung dch Br2 AgNO3/NH3 B Cu(OH)2 C Dung dch NaOH D Dung dch Cõu 12: Cho hn hp gm 0,10 mol HCOOH v 0,20 mol HCHO tỏc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thỡ lng Ag thu c l:A 216,0 gam.B 10,80 gam C 64,80 gam D 108,0 gam dd NaOH, t CuO, t Cõu 13: Cho s phn ng: CH COONa X Y Z T Cl2 ,as 1:1 vụi tụi xỳt t0 X, Y, Z, T l cỏc hp cht hu c, cụng thc ca T l:A HCHO C CH2O2 D CH3CHO B CH3OH Cõu 14: Hp cht A cú cụng thc CnH 2n+2-2a-k(CHO)k vi giỏ tr no ca n, k, a A tỏc dng vi khớ hiro cho ancol propylic theo th t n, k, a l: A 3, 1, B 2, 2, C 2, 1, D 3, 1, Cõu 15: Tin hnh oxi húa 2,5 mol ru metylic thnh fomanehyt bng CuO ri cho fomanehit tan ht vo nc thu c 160g dd fomalin 37,5% Vy hiu sut phn ng oxi hoỏ l bao nhiờu A 90% B 80% C 70% D 60% Cõu 16: CH3CHO cú th iu ch trc tip t: A C2H5OH CH3COOCH=CH2 D A, B, C ỳng B C2H2 C Cõu 17: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp anehit l ng phõn ca cú lng phõn t nh hn 68 vC phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3 (d) NH3 cho 38,88 gam Ag (hiu sut 100%) Cụng thc phõn t ca anehit l: A CH3CHO v HCHO B C2H5CHO v C2H3CHO C HOC-CHO v C2H5CHO D HOC-CH2-CHO v C3H7CHO Cõu 18: Oxi hoỏ 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc X thu c 3,0 gam axit tng ng (hiu sut phn ng bng 100%) X cú cụng thc cu to no di õy?A CH3CHO B CH3CH2CH2CHO C CH3CH(CH3)CHO D C2H5CHO Cõu 19: Cho 1,97g fomalin tỏc dng vi AgNO3 d (NH3) c 5,4g Ag C% ca HCHO fomalin l: A 19,03% D 27% B 38,07% C 40% Cõu 20: Cho 2,4 gam mt hp cht hu c X (cha C , H , O) tỏc dng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3 d NH3 thu c 7,2 gam Ag Xỏc nh cụng thc cu to thu gn ca X:A CH3CHO B C2H5CHO C HCHO D C3H7CHO Cõu 21: Tỉ khối anđehit X hiđro 28 Công thức cấu tạo anđehit là: A CH3CHO C2H5CHO B CH2=CH-CHO C HCHO D Cõu 22: iu no sau õy khụng ỳng? A Xeton khú b oxi húa va th hin tớnh oxi húa B Andehit va th hin tớnh kh C Tt c cỏc andehit u tham gia phn ng bc theo t l n Andehit : nAg = : Xeton cng hp hidro to ru bc D Cõu 23: Cho 2,2 gam hp cht n chc X cha C, H, O phn ng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/ NH3 d to 10,8 gam Ag Cụng thc cu to ca X l:A HCHO.B CH2=CHCHO C CH3CHO D C2H5CHO Cõu 24: Cỏc anehit th hin tớnh oxi húa phn ng vi cht: A H2/Ni, to D O2 B AgNO3/NH3 C Cu(OH)2/NaOH Cõu 25: Cú th dựng dung dch AgNO3/NH3 phõn bit nhng cp cht no? A CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH v CH3OCH3 D C A, B B HCOOH v CH3COOH C C6H5OH Cõu 26 : Dóy gm cỏc cht u tỏc dng vi AgNO3 dung dch NH3, l: A axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin axetilen, etilen B anehit fomic, C anehit axetic, butin-1, etilen axetilen, butin-2 D anehit axetic, Cõu 27 : Cho 3,6 gam ankanal X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 , lng Ag sinh cho tỏc dng ho ton vi dung dch HNO c thu oc 2,8 lớt khớ NO ( sn phm kh nht 136,5 0C , ỏp sut 1,2 atm) Cụng thc phõn t ca ankanal l: A HCHO B CH3CHO C C2H5CHO D Kt qu khỏc Cõu 28 : Cho hn hp HCHO v H2 d i qua ng ng bt Ni un núng thu c hn hp X Dn ton b sn phm thu c vo bỡnh nc lnh thy lng bỡnh tng 11,80 gam Ly ton b dung dch bỡnh cho tỏc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 21,60 gam Ag Khi lng ancol cú X l giỏ tr no di õy? A 1,03 gam B 8,30 gam C 9,30 gam D 10,30 gam Cõu 29 : Hp cht hu c X cú cụng thc phõn t C4H6O2 v ch cha mt loi nhúm chc T X v cỏc cht vụ c khỏc , bng phn ng liờn tip cú th iu ch c cao su Buna Cụng thc cu to cú th cú ca X l : A O=CH-CH2-CH2-CH=O B HO-CH2-C=C-CH2-OH D C A , B , C u ỳng C CH3-CO-CO-CH3 Cõu 30 : Ly 0,94 gam hn hp hai andehit no , n chc , k tip cựng mt dóy ng ng tỏc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 3,24 gam Ag Cụng thc phõn t hai andehit l : A HCHO v CH3CHO C3H7CHO v C4H9CHO B CH3CHO v C2H5CHO C C2H5CHO v C3H7CHOD Cõu 31 : Hp cht hu c X un núng nh vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 (d) thu c sn phm Y Y tỏc dng c vi dung dch HCl hoc dung dch NaOH u cho khớ vụ c Hp cht X l A HCHO , C u ỳng B HCOOH C.HCOONH4 D C A , B Cõu 32 : Cho cỏc thuc th sau: Na; K; AgNO3/NH3; Cu(OH)2/OH S thuc th cú th dựng phõn bit bỡnh riờng bit, mt nhón ng ancol etylic 45 o v dung dch fomalin l: A B C D Cõu 33 Cho 47,84 gam ru etylic tỏc dng vi hn hp K 2Cr2O7/H2SO4 Sn phm ca phn ng c tỏch mụi trng phn ng bng phng phỏp chng ct v dn vo dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d Sau kt thỳc phn ng , thu c 124,2 gam Ag Tớnh hiu sut ca phn ng oxi hoỏ ru etylic: A 55,29% B 70,12% C 75,53% D Kt qu khỏc Cõu 34 : Mt cht h c Y cha C, H, O Khi t chỏy hon ton 0,1 mol Y cho 6,72 lớt CO2 (ktc) Mt khỏc, hiro hoỏ hon ton 0,05 mol Y ngi ta dựng ỳng 1,12 lớt khớ H2 (00C, atm) v c ru no, n chc Z Bit rng X tỏc dng c vi AgNO 3/NH3 cho Ag Cho bit cụng thc cu to ỳng ca Y? A CHCHO khỏc B C2H5CHO C CH2=CH-CHO D Kt qu Cõu 35 : Chiu gim dn nhit sụi (t trỏi qua phi) ca cỏc cht: CH 3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O l: A H2O, C2H5OH, CH3CHO B CH3CHO, H2O, C2H5OH CH3CHO, C2H5OH.D CH3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O C H2O, Cõu 36 : Dựng nhng húa cht no phõn bit cỏc cht: andehit axetic, ancol etylic, glixerol, dimetyl ete? A dung dch AgNO3/NH3, Cu(OH)2, Na B dung dch AgNO3/NH3, CuO C Na, dung dch KMnO4 D dung dch Br2 , Cu(OH)2 Cõu 37 : ng vi CTPT C3H6O s cú bao nhiờu ng phõn mch h: A D B C Cõu 38 : Cho hp cht hu c X (phõn t ch cha C , H , O v mt loi nhúm chc) Bit cho 5,8 gam X tỏc dng vi dung dch AgNO d NH3 to 43,2 gam Ag Mt khỏc 0,1mol X sau c hidro húa hon ton phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na Cụng thc cu to ca X l A HCOOH B CH3CHO C O=CH-CH=O D CH2=CH-CHO Cõu 39 : Cho 13,6 gam mt hp cht hu c X cha C , H , O tỏc dng va vi 300ml dung dch AgNO3 2M NH3 thu c 43,2 gam Ag Bit t hi ca X so vi oxi bng 2,125 Xỏc nh cụng thc cu to ca X A CH3CH2CHO CHC-CHO B CH2=CH-CH2-CHO C CHC-CH2CHO D Cõu 40 : Mt hp cht hu c Y cha cỏc nguyờn t C , H , O ch cha mt loi nhúm chc cho 0,01 mol Y tỏc dng vi dung dch AgNO NH3 d thu c 4,32 gam Ag Y cú cu to mch thng v cha 37,21% oxi v lng Cụng thc cu to ỳng ca Y l: A HCHO O=CH-(CH2)2CH=O B CH3CHO C O=CH-CH=O D Cõu 41 : Cho 0,1 mol andehit X tỏc dng hon ton vi H thỡ cn 6,72 lớt H2(ktc) v thu c sn phm Y Cho ton b lng Y tỏc dng vi Na d thu c 2,24 lớt khớ H2(ktc) Mt khỏc ly 8,4 gam X tỏc dng vi dung dch AgNO d thu c 43,2 gam Ag Xỏc nh cụng thc cu to ca X v Y A CH3CHO v C2H5OH HOCH2CH(CH3)CH2OH B C2H2(CHO)2 C C2H2(CHO)2 v HO-CH2(CH2)2CH2OH D C B v C Cõu 42 : CxHyO2 l mt anehit mch h, no, chc khi: A y = 2x C y = 2x D y = 2x v B y= 2x + Cõu 43 : Cho 2,4 gam mt hp cht hu c X (cha C , H , O) tỏc dng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3 d NH3 thu c 7,2 gam Ag Xỏc nh cụng thc cu to thu gn ca X:A CH3CHO B C2H5CHO C HCHO D C3H7CHO Cõu 44 : Cho hp cht hu c X , Y , Z Bit X cha nguyờn t C, H ,Cl ú clo chim 71,72% theo lng Y cha nguyờn t C , H , O ú oxi chim 55,71% theo lng Khi thu phõn X mụi trng kim hoc hidro hoỏ Y u thu c hp cht Z Xỏc nh cụng thc cu to ca X , Y , Z A CH3Cl , HCHO , CH3OH B C2H5Cl , CH3CHO , C2H5OH C2H4(OH)2 D Kt qu khỏc C C2H4Cl2 , (CHO)2 , Cõu 45 : X l hp cht hu c mch h n chc cha C , H , O t chỏy hon ton mol X cn mol oxi v thu c CO2 v hi H2O cú th tớch bng (o cựng iu kin nhit v ỏp sut) Xỏc nh cụng thc cu to cú th cú ca X A CH3-CH2-CHO hoc (CH3)2CO B CH2=CH-CH2-OH D c A , B , C C CH2=CH-O-CH3 Cõu 46 : t chỏy 2,9 g mt andehit X thu c 6,6 g CO v 2,7 g H2O Vy X cú cụng thc cu to thu gn l: A CH3CHO D (CHO)2 B C2H5CHO C HCHO Cõu 47 : t chỏy hon ton 0,6 g HCHO v 1,74 g C 2H5CHO ri cho sn phm chỏy i qua bỡnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 thy lng bỡnh tng thờm m gam Gi s Ba(OH)2 hp th ht CO2 v H2O Giỏ tr m l: A 1,98 D 2,48 B 6,82 C 11,16 Cõu 48 : Cho 14,6g hn hp anehit no n chc ng ng liờn tip tỏc dng ht vi H2 to 15,2g hn hp ancol Cụng thc ca anehit l A HCHO, CH3CHO B CH3CHO, C2H5CHO C3H7CHO D C3H7CHO, C4H9CHO C C2H5CHO, Cõu 49 : Cú th dựng nc Brom phõn bit A Andehit no v xeton no D A hoc C B Andehit no v ru khụng no C Phenol v anilin Cõu 50 : X l hp cht hu c (cha C, H, O) ú hiro chim 2,439% v lng t chỏy hon ton X thu c s mol nc bng s mol X, mt khỏc bit mol X phn ng va vi mol AgNO3 dung dch amoniac Cụng thc cu to cú th cú ca X l:A HCC-CHO B HCHO C CH3CHO D OHC-CC-CHO