Tổng hợp đề cương môn tiếng anh (33)

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HỌC KÌ II - NĂM HỌC 2014-2015 MÔN: TIẾNG ANH - LỚP I/ TENSES :Thì Present Simple tense (Thì đơn) - Use : Để diễn tả việc cách tổng quát, không thiết nghĩ đến Ta dùng để nói đến việc xảy liên tục, lặp lặp lại nhiều lần , hay môt điều luôn đúng, việc có xảy lúc nói hay không điều không quan trọng - Form: + the sun S + V/Vs / es + …………………… Ex -The earth goes around - S + don’t/doesn’t + V+ ……………… Sunday -We don’t have classes on ? - Does Lan speak French? Do/Does + S + V + ………………….? Past Simple Tense (Thì khứ đơn) - Use : Diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc thời điểm xác định khứ - Form: + S + V-ed(regular) / V2 ( column irregular) + ………… yesterday - S + didn’t + V + ………………… yesterday ? Did + S + V + …………………… ? Ex : - He arrived here - She didn’t go to school - Did you clean this table? - Note: Thì khứ đơn thường dùng với cum từ thời gian xác định khứ: last week / month / year , a week / days / months , yesterday, yesterday morning / evening, In+ năm, from 2000 to 2005 - Cách đọc đông từ khứ đơn với “ ED”: + “ ED”: đọc /t/ động từ nguyên mẫu có âm tận /k/, /x/, /s/, /p/, /ch/, /sh/, /t/, /gh/ Ex : laughed , asked , helped , watch , pushed , dressed , …………… + “ ED”: đọc /id/ động từ nguyên mẫu có âm tận /d/ /t/ Ex : needed , wanted , waited , …… 1|Page + “ ED”: đọc /d/ động từ nguyên mẫu có âm tận âm lại Ex : enjoyed , saved , filled ,……… Present perfect tense (Thì hoàn thành) - Use :- Dùng để miêu tả hành động xảy khứ kết lưu đến - Dùng để miêu tả hành động vừa xảy (ta dùng với JUST) - Dùng để miêu tả hành động hoàn tất sớm mong đợi (ta dùng với ALREADY) Ex: I have already finished this work - Dùng để miêu tả hành động từ trước đến chưa không xảy (ta dùng với EVER –NEVER) Ex: Have you ever been to Hue? I have never gone - Dùng để miêu tả hành động xảy ratrong khứ tính đến xảy (dùng FOR) xảy từ lúc (dùng SINCE) * For : Chỉ thời gian kéo dài years Ex: You have studied English for * Since: thời gian lúc 2010 Ex: She has studied English since Future simple Tense (Thì tương lai đơn) - Use : Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm tương lai - Form : + S + will / shall + V + …………… tomorrow Ex: He will finish his homework - S+ won’t / shan’t + V + ……………… Lan won’t go to the zoo next week ? Will / Shall + S + V + ………………… ? Will you this exercise ? Present progressive Tense (Thì tiếp diễn) - Use : Diễn tả hành động xảy vào thời điểm nói -Form : + S + is / am/ are + V-ing + …………… now 2|Page Ex : I’m learning English - S + is / am/ are + not + V-ing + …… He isn’t learning English ? Is / Am / Are + S + V-ing + ………? Is he reading books now? now - Note: Thì tiếp diễn thường dùng kèm với trạng từ: now, right now,at present , at the moment để nhấn mạnh tính chất diễn tiến hành động lúc nói Near Future: Be going to (Thì tương lai gần) - Form : S + is / am/ are + going to + Vinf - Use : Dùng nói việc mà định làm hay dự định làm tương lai Ex : There is a good film on TV tonight I’m going to stay home to watch TV - Note : Be going to dùng để dự đoán tình xảy Ex: I feel tired I think I’m going to be sick II/ CLAUSES : MệNH Đề 1- WISH CLAUSE: Mệnh đề WISH Đây câu ao ước, hoàn toàn thật Vì động từ không theo Trong chương trình lớp có dạng câu ước sau: Present • S + V-ed / V2 (simple past) • Past subjunctive: Be dùng WERE cho Future S + would / should / could + V (infinitive) Ex : - I wish I spoke English fluently - He wishes he would come to my party 2- ADVERB CLAUSES OF RESULT : Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết S + V + so + adjective / Adverb + that + S + V Ex: The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more 3- ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ lý do) 3|Page - Mệnh đề thường giới thiệu “because”, “as” , “since” chúng có nghĩa “vì” Ex: The flight to New York was cancelled because the fog got thicker 4- ADVERB CLAUSES OF COCESSION : Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng Although / Though / Even though + S + V + (complement – bổ ngữ) Ex: Although he had a bad cold , he went to class 5-IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If ) : Mệnh đề IF gọi Mệnh đề điều kiện Mệnh đề trạng ngữ điều kiện (Adverbial Clause of condition) If clause Main clause Example Simple present Simple present If I have free time, I always play soccer Simple present Simple future If it rains, I’ll stay at home Simple past Would/Could/Might + V If I had a lot of money, I would buy a car Past perfect Would/ Could / Might If I had been in HN, I would have visited you have +V3/Ved 6- ADJECTIVE + THAT CLAUSE Mệnh đề danh từ sau tính từ S + be + adjective past partiple + that + noun clause Ex : I am happy that you had a new car 4|Page Note: Mệnh đề danh từ dùng sau số tính từ như: AFRAID,GLAD,SORRY, SURE,EAGER,ANXIOUS,HAPPY,PLEASE,ANNOYED, PROUD, RELATIVE CLAUSE Mệnh đề quan hệ Chỉ người Chỉ vật Chủ từ ( Subject) Tân ngữ ( Object) Who Whom / Who Sở hữu (possessive) That That Whose Which Which Whose That That Of which * Relative pronoun: (Đại từ quan hệ) : - WHO: đại từ quan hệ người, thay cho danh từ đứng trước Làm chủ ngữ mệnh đề tính ngữ Ex: My friend, Tuan, is very handsome Tuan can sing folk song very well => My friend, Tuan,who is very handsome can sing folk song very well => My friend, Tuan, who can sing folk song very well is very handsome - WHOM:là đại từ quan hệ người,t hay cho danh từ đứng trước , làm tân ngữ mệnh đề tính ngữ Ex: The old lady to whom I spoke is my grandmother - WHOSE: Là đại từ quan hệ sở hữu Nó thay cho danh từ người vật Ex: The film is about a poor-girl Her boy friend leaves her to marry a rich woman - WHICH: Dùng thay cho cụm danh từ đồ vật, vị trí chủ ngữ bổ ngữ Ex: Auld Lang Syne is a song Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year’s Eve => Auld Lang Syne is a song which is sung on New Year’s Eve - THAT : Dùng thay cho WHO /WHICH III/TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi) 5|Page - Câu hỏi đuôi giống “câu hỏi đáp lại”, tạo trợ động từ + đại từ nhân xưng - Câu hỏi đuôi đặt cuối để hỏi kiểm định thứ mà không hay để hỏi đồng ý, gần nghĩa “ Is this true?” hay “ Do you agree?” Ex: You’re new student, aren’t you? Note: - Nếu vế đầu động từ đặc biệt như: to be, to have, can, could, ta nhắc lại động từ phần câu hỏi đuôi, động từ thường ta phải mượn trợ động từ như: do, does, did Ex: Students don’t drink coffee, they? - Nếu vế đầu câu khẳng định vế sau câu hỏi đuôi phủ định ngược lại - Nếu chủ từ đại từ ta lặp lại nó danh từ ta phải đổi thành đại từ tương ứng Ex: Hoa can’t sing very beautifully, can’t she? IV/ THE PASSIVE FORM (voice) Dạng bị động Form: BE + V3 /V-ed (past participle) Ex: They sell jeans all over the world => Jeans are sold all over the world Note: - Khi chủ ngữ câu chủ động là: THEY, PEOPLE, SOMEONE, NO ONE, ANYONE đổi sang câu bị động By agent Nhưng danh từ làm chủ ngữ bắt buộc phải có agent - Với động từ đặc biệt (modal verbs): CAN, MUST, MAY, MIGHT, SHOULD, WILL, ta phải thêm BE trước chuyển động từ sang dạng PAST PARTICIPLE S + modal verb + be + V-ed / V3 (past participle) Ex : You must this exercise carefully => This exercise must be done carefully V/ PREPOSITION OF TIME (Giới từ thời gian) : at, in ,on, from to, for, by - AT : + điểm thời gian cụ thể + night 6|Page Ex : We have class at one o’clock Ex : I sleep at night - IN : + tháng/năm cụ thể Ex : I was born 1994 + the morning/afternoon / evening Ex : We have class in the morning - ON: + ngày tuần Ex : We have class on Monday + ngày tháng năm Ex: I was born on April 6, 2006 - FROM + điểm thời gian + TO + điểm thời gian Ex: We have class from 7.00 to 10.15 - FOR: + khoảng thời gian: để nói diễn Ex : We walked for hours to reach the waterfall - BY: + điểm thời gian Ex: Can you finish the work by five o’clock VI/CONNECTIVES (từ nối – liên từ) * AND (và): dùng để nối hai từ hai mệnh đề có giá trị Eừx: Lan likes cats and dogs * BUT (nhưng) : dùng để nối hai câu có nghĩa trái ngược Ex: They have a lot of money, but they’re not very happy * SO (vì thế, vậy): dùng mệnh đề kết Nó đứng trước mệnh đề mà giới thiệu Ex: He’s ill so he stays at home * THEREFORE (vì thế) : dùng thay cho SO tiếng Anh trang trọng Ex: The weather was too bad, our plan, therefore, had been changed * HOWEVER (tuy nhiênt) đứng trước theo sau mệnh đề mà giới thiệu sau từ cụm từ Ex: I will offer my cat to Hoa However, he may not like it * BECAUSE (bởi vì) dùng để lý Ex: She didn’t go to the zoo because she was ill Note: Chúng ta dùng “because of” thay “ because” …… because + S + V ………because of + noun (phrase) Ex: I was late because of the traffic jam (kẹt xe) * OR (hay là, là) Ex: Is your girl tall or short? 7|Page VII / MAKING SUGGESTION(Câu đề nghị) : Câu đề nghị gồm nhiều hình thức - Dùng“ Let’s / Shall I/ Shall we + Vinf” diễn đạt đề nghị với thứ Ex:Let’s go to the zoo - Dùng “Why don’t we / Why don’t you + Vinf” diễn đạt đề nghị với thứ thứ hai -Ta dùng “ What about / How about + gerund / noun” (Bạn nghĩ sao………?) - Dùng động từ “suggest” (đề nghị) “propose” (đề nghị, gợi ý ) Suggest (+ possessive adjective) +gerund him Suggest that + S+ present tense / should wear uniform Ex: I suggest (your) forgetting Ex: I propose that the receptionists Ex: I suggest that we should go to a seaside resort VIII/ STRUCTURES , PHRASES USED TO + bare infinitive : Thường hay, Dùng miêu tả thói quen, việc thường xảy khứ Nó thành lập với cụm từ USED TO + Động từ nguyên mẫu Ex: When I was young, I used to look after my younger brother Khi nhỏ thường trông nôm em trai TO BE + USED TO + V-ing : trở nên quen với,thích nghi với TO GET + USED TO+ V-ing : trở nên quen với thích nghi với Chỉ thói quen việc thường xảy (present habit) Ex : I am used to reading in the library Tôi trở nên quen với việc đọc sách thư viện 3.To take someone to somewhere (a place) = đưa đến đâu, dẫn đến đâu MODAL VERBS :Động từ tình thái - Form : + S + modal verb + V + ……… - S + modal verb + not + V + ……… party tomorrow ? Modal verb + S + V + ………….? 8|Page Ex : I can sing very well Ex : Hoa may not come to the Ex : May I come in ? - Modal verb : must, mustn’t, needn’t, shouldn’t, should, ought to, can , can’t, could, may, might * MAY/ MIGHT: Dùng để diễn tả hành độùng xảy tương lai Form:S + may/ might + V inf (I’m not sure where I spend on Tet holidays,but I may stay in Da Lat) * Dùng “may /might” diễn tả xin phép (permission) tương lai Form: May / Might + Vinf Ex: May I go out now, sir? * Dùng “may” để khởi đầu câu chúc Ex: May you live long long life! * Ta dùng “ may as well”, “might as well” + Vinf (cũng nên, có ý định) Ex: I may as well join in the army with my old classmates BÀI TẬP Which word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that the others? A spray B trash C wrap D mass A solid B volume C solar D comment A humorous B hug C plumber D eruption Which word has the different main stress from that of the others? A forecast B earthquake C expect D ancient A innovation B difference C celebrate D separate Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that fits the blank in each sentence The roof under the weight of snow last night A collapse D collapses B from C in D for The man helps us last week is a doctor A who C collapsed Kangaroos, which come Australia, have long tails A to B collapsing B whom C which Nowadays, can know when a volcano will erupt 9|Page D whose A scientifically 10 D best B activists C activity D action B whose C which D who B to C at D from B to decorate C decorating D decorated B and C because D so B on C about D of B be sold C be cleaned D All are correct B turning off C turn on D turning on B had to C will have to D would have to Everyone should forests and environment A reduce 24 C better She told me she go to Hanoi the following day A has to 23 B good We should all the electric appliances when leaving our room A turn off 22 D with Many new air-conditioners will this morning A be installed 21 C for What can we to spend less lighting? A in 20 B of I wear a hat I not want to be sunburnt A but 19 D tornado They want us our classroom more attractively A decorate 18 C hurricane Do not laugh the poor Help them as much as you can A with 17 B thunderstorm People take physical exercise can live longer A whom 16 D haven’t met My brother is the most effective in my town A activist 15 C hasn’t met He is -known for his generosity A well 14 B didn’t meet We’re very proud our teachers A about 13 D science A looks like a funnel A typhoon 12 C scientists We since we left school A don’t meet 11 B scientific B prevent C protect We were very that you won the first prize 10 | P a g e D wash A amaze 25 B amazed C amazing D amazement If a disaster in an area, people from other areas will offer help A happens B will happen C happening D would happen Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting 26 I like reading books which tells about different peoples and their cultures A 27 B C D B C D Ba, who lives on Nguyen Du Street, like playing the guitar A 30 D Mrs Yen is looking forward to see your respond about her advice A 29 C Most of the earthquake in the world occur in the Ring of Fire A 28 B B C D I speak a little Vietnamese, but I want to learn to read and write them A B C D Choose the word (A, B, C or D) that fits each blank in the following passage Drought is a condition (31) becomes when the average rainfall for a fertile area drops far below the normal amount for a long period of time In areas which (32) not irritated , the lack of rain causes farm crops to wither and dead Higher than normal temperatures usually accompany periods of drought They add to the crop (33) Forest fires start easily during drought The soil of a (34) area becomes dry and crumbles Often the rich topsoil is blown away by the hot dry winds Streams, ponds and wells often dry up (35) a drought, and animals suffer and may even die because of the lack of water 31 A whose B who C where D that 32 A is B are C was D were 33 A movement B development C amazement D damage 34 A rain B flood C drought D storm 35 A to B during C with D without Read the following passage and check True (T) or False (F) Scientists have known a lot about the earth They understand how mountains are made and what a volcano is The following example is about volcanic eruptions Mt.Vesuvius in Italy and Mt St Helens in the USA are both famous mountains They 11 | P a g e are both volcanoes A volcano is a mountain that is open at the top Smoke and hot air come out of the hole Sometimes very hot rock also comes out of the mountain That can make trouble for people nearby This is what happened with Mt.Vesuvius and Mt St Helens Hot rock poured out of Mt Vesuvius and covered the town of Pompeii in 79 AD Everyone in the town was killed The Mt St Helens volcano didn’t kill many people 36 A volcano is a mountain that has a hole at the top 37 Mt.Vesuvius and the Mt St Helens are both famous volcanoes in Italy 38 Smoke, hot rock and hot air can make trouble for all people in USA and Italy 39 The people were killed by the eruption of Mt Helens less than those by the eruption of Mt Vesuvius 40 The town of Pompeii was developed by the eruption of Mt Vesuvius in 79AD Give the correct forms of the word in brackets to complete each of the sentences below 41 The author’s is communicated through his song (HAPPY) 42 The heavy snow has prevented all with the highlands (COMMUNICATE) 43 Our firm is no longer in world markets (COMPETE) 44 The between Vietnam and China is recovered (FRIEND) 45 We can only get there by plane There is no (CHOOSE) Rewrite the following sentences as directed 46 Helen passed the exam, which made his parents pleased (use ‘S+be+adj +that+clause’) @ Helen’s parents were 47 Our house is older than all the other houses in the road @ Our house is the 48 We can’t live without water @ If _ 49 The baby cries because the lion looks fierce (use ‘so’) @ The lion looks fierce 50 Mai is the best student in my class She lives next door (use ‘non-restrictive relative clause’) 12 | P a g e @ Mai, _ -THE END - 13 | P a g e [...]... long period of time In areas which (32) not irritated , the lack of rain causes farm crops to wither and dead Higher than normal temperatures usually accompany periods of drought They add to the crop (33) Forest fires start easily during drought The soil of a (34) area becomes dry and crumbles Often the rich topsoil is blown away by the hot dry winds Streams, ponds and wells often dry up (35)