Bai tap hoa 10(tron bo 7 chuong)

HểA HC 10 DạNG CấU TạO NGUYÊN Tử Cõu 1: Mt nguyờn t ca nguyờn t X cú tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52 v cú s l 35 S hiu nguyờn t ca nguyờn t X l A 18 B 23 C 17 D 15 Cõu Ion X2+ cú cu hỡnh electron trng thỏi c bn l 1s 2s 2p6 Nguyờn t X l A Ne (Z = 10) B Na (Z = 11) C Mg (Z = 12) D O (Z = 8) Cõu 3: Nguyờn t ca nguyờn t X cú tng s ht electron cỏc phõn lp p l S ht mang in ca mt nguyờn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyờn t X l ht Cỏc nguyờn t X v Y ln lt l (bit s hiu nguyờn t ca nguyờn t: Na = 11; Al = 13; P = 15; Cl = 17; Fe = 26) A Fe v Cl B Na v Cl C Al v Cl D Al v P 63 65 Cõu 4: Trong t nhiờn, nguyờn t ng cú hai ng v l ` 29 Cu v ` 29 Cu Nguyờn t 65 trung bỡnh ca ng l 63,54 Thnh phn phn trm tng s nguyờn t ca ng v ` 29 Cu l A 27% B 50 C 54% D 73% + 2 Cõu 5: Dóy gm cỏc ion X , Y v nguyờn t Z u cú cu hỡnh electron 1s 2s 2p l: + + + + A Na , Cl , Ar B Li , F , Ne C Na , F , Ne D K , Cl , Ar Cõu 6: Mt kim loai M cú s l 54, tng s ht (p,n,e) ion M 2+ l 78 nguyờn t M l: A Fe B Co C Mn D Cr Cõu 7: Trong 20 nguyờn t u tiờn ca bng tun hon, Tng s nguyờn t m nguyờn t ca chỳng cú electron c thõn trng thỏi c bn l A 10 B C D Cõu 8: Cu hỡnh electron ca 29Cu l: A [Ar]4s23d9 B [Ar]4s13d10 C [Ar]3d104s1 D [Ar]3d94s2 Cõu 9: Ion M2+ cú tng s ht proton, electron, ntron, l 80 S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khụng mang in l 20 Trong bng tun hon M thuc A Chu kỡ 4, nhúm VIIIB B Chu kỡ 4, nhúm VIIIA C Chu kỡ nhúm VIIIB D D Chu kỡ 4, nhúm IIA Cõu 10: Mnh no sau õy l khụng ỳng? A Trong nguyờn t electron chuyn ng khụng theo mt qu o xỏc nh m chuyn ng hn lon B Lp ngoi cựng l bn vng cha ti a s electron C Lp electron gm hp cỏc electron cú mc nng lng bng D Electron cng gn ht nhõn, nng lng cng thp Cõu 11: Nguyờn t nguyờn t X cú electron lp ngoi cựng v cú tng s electron phõn lp d v p l 17 S hiu ca X l: A 24 B 25 C 29 D 19 Cõu 12: Nguyờn t ca nguyờn t X cú tng s ht electron cỏc phõn lp p l S ht mang in ca mt nguyờn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyờn t X l ht Hp cht ca X, Y cú dng: A X2Y B X3Y2 C XY2 D X2Y3 -1- Cõu 13: Cu hỡnh electron trng thỏi c bn ca nguyờn t nguyờn t X cú tng s electron cỏc phõn lp p l Nguyờn t X l : A Al (Z = 13) B Cl (Z = 17) C O (Z = 8) D Si (Z = 14) Cõu 14: Cú cỏc nguyờn t húa hc: Cr(Z = 24), Fe(Z = 26), P(Z = 15), Al(Z = 13) Nguyờn t m nguyờn t ca nú cú s electron c thõn ln nht trng thỏi c bn l A Al B Fe C Cr D P Cõu 15: Cú bao nhiờu nguyờn t húa hc m nguyờn t ca nú cú electron cui cựng(e cú nng lng cao nht) in vo phõn lp 4s ? A B 12 C 11 D Cõu 16: Hai nguyờn t X v Y cú tng s ht c bn proton, ntron, electron l 142 Trong ú tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khụng mang in l 42 Ti l s proton ca ion X 2+ v ion Y3+ l 10/13 S e c thõn ca nguyờn t X v ion Y3+ ln lt l A v B v C v D v 52 Cõu 17: S proton, ntron, electron cú mt ion Cr3+ (cho ` 24 Cr ) ln lt l A 24, 28, 21 B 24, 30, 21 C 24, 28, 24 D 24, 28, 27 Cõu 18: Tng s proton, ntron, electron mt nguyờn t nguyờn t X l 58 Khi X nhng e, cu hỡnh ca ion thu c l A [He]2s22p6 B 1s2 C [Ne]3s23p6 D [Ne]3s23p63d6 Cõu 19: Ion A2+ cú cu hỡnh e vi phõn lp cui cựng l 3d9 Cu hỡnh e ca nguyờn t A l: A [Ar]3d94s2 B [Ar]3d94p2 C [Ar]3d104s1 D [Ar]4s23d9 Cõu 20: Nguyờn t R to c cation R+ Cu hỡnh electron phõn lp ngoi cựng ca R+ ( trng thỏi c bn) l 3p6 Tng s ht mang in R+ l A 37 B 38 C 19 D 18 -2- DạNG 1.1 CấU TạO NGUYÊN Tử ` Cõu 1: Ion X3+ cú s electron lp ngoi cựng bng mt na s hiu nguyờn t ca X (bit s hiu nguyờn t ca: Al = 13, Cr = 24, Fe = 26, Pb = 82) Nguyờn t X l A Pb B Fe C Cr D Al Cõu 2: Nguyờn t nguyờn t cú s hiu nguyờn t bng 24 cú tng s electron c thõn l A B C D Cõu 3: Nguyờn t nguyờn t Xcú tng ht c bn l 76 ht Trong X, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khụng mang in l 20 trng thỏi c bn X cú s electron c thõn l: A B C D Cõu 4: Nguyờn t R to c cation R+ Cu hỡnh electron phõn lp ngoi cựng ca R + ( trng thỏi c bn) l 2p6 Tng s ht mang in nguyờn t R l A 11 B 22 C 10 D 23 Cõu 5: Cho cỏc nhn xột sau: nguyờn t: (1) S hiu nguyờn t bng in tớch ht nhõn nguyờn t (2) in tớch ht nhõn nguyờn t bng s ht proton (3) S ht proton ht nhõn luụn bng s electron lp v ca nguyờn t (4)S ht proton bng s ht notron S nhn xột khụng ỳng l: A B C D Cõu 6: 20 C Fe cú D = 7,87 g/cm , nguyờn t trung bỡnh l 55,85, gi thit cỏc khe rng 0,75.m.% chim 26% th tớch tinh th Bỏn kớnh nguyờn t gn ỳng ca Fe l( r = ) D.N A A 1,38 ` o A B 1,26 ` o A C 1,28 ` o A D 1,18 ` o A Cõu 7: Ion Xn+ cú cu hỡnh electron l 1s 22s22p6, X l nguyờn t thuc nhúm A S nguyờn t húa hc tha vi iu kin ca X l A B C D Cõu 8: Nguyờn t nguyờn t X cú tng s cỏc ht p, n, e l 58, ht nhõn s ht p v n hn S hiu nguyờn t ca X l A 19 B 20 C 18 D 21 Cõu 9: Mt nguyờn t X cú ng v cú ti l s nguyờn t l 27/23 Ht nhõn ca X cú 35 proton ng v th nht cú 44 ntron ng v th hai cú nhiu hn ng v th nht l ntron Nguyờn t trung bỡnh ca nguyờn t X l : A 79,20 B 78,90 C 79,92 D 80,5 Cõu 10: Khi lng riờng ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm Gi thit rng, tinh th canxi cỏc nguyờn t l nhng hỡnh cu chim 74% th tớch tinh th, phn cũn li l khe rng Bỏn kớnh nguyờn t canxi tớnh theo lớ thuyt l A 0,155 nm B 0,196 nm C 0,185 nm D 0,168 nm 2 Cõu 11: Cỏc ion no sau õy u cú cu hỡnh 1s 2s 2p ? A Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+ B Na+, Ca2+, Al3+ C Na+, Mg2+, Al3+ D K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ Cõu 12: Cú bao nhiờu nguyờn t tha iu kin mi nguyờn t ca nguyờn t ú ( trng thỏi c bn) cú tng s e trờn cỏc phõn lp s l 8? A B C 15 D 17 35 37 Cõu 13: Trong t nhiờn Clo cú ng v Cl ( 75% ) v Cl, bit MFe = 56 %m ca 37Cl FeCl3 l: -3- A 48,46% B 65,54 C 51,23 % Cõu 14: Cú bao nhiờu nguyờn t ng vi cu hỡnh e lp ngoi cựng l 4s1 A B C D 17,08 % D 10 11 Cõu 15: Trong t nhiờn nguyờn t Bo cú ng v ` B v ` B NTKTB ca Bo l 10,81 10 Phn trm lng ca ` B cú mt phõn t axit Boric H3BO3 ( MH = 1; MO = 16) l: A 14,42% B 19% C 81% D 3,07% Cõu 16: Tng s ht ca mt nguyờn t X l 28 X l A O B N C F D Ne Cõu 17: Tng s ht electron cỏc ion : HXY v XY ln lt l : 42 v 50 Hai nguyờn t X, Y ln lt l : A P, O B N, P C S, O D Si, O Cõu 18: Nguyờn t ca nguyờn t X cú electron phõn lp ngoi cựng l 3p Nguyờn t ca nguyờn t Y cú electron phõn lp ngoi cựng l 3s Tng s electron trờn hai phõn lp ngoi cựng ca X v Y l Bit rng X v Y d dng phn ng vi S hiu nguyờn t ca X v Y tng ng l A 13 v 15 B 18 v 11 C 17 v 12 D 11 v 16 16 17 18 Cõu 19: Trong t nhiờn oxi cú ng v bn l O, O, O cũn cacbon cú ng v bn l 12 C, 13C S phõn t CO2 c to thnh t cỏc ng v trờn l A 11 B 12 C 10 D 13 2+ Cõu 20: Ion X cú tng s ht p,e,n bng 80 Kớ hiu húa hc ca nguyờn t X l 59 64 56 58 A ` 27 Co B ` 29 Cu C ` 26 Fe D ` 28 Ni -4- DạNG BT BảNG TUầN HOàN CáC NGUYÊN Tố HOá HọC ` 2+ Cõu 1: Anion X v cation Y u cú cu hỡnh electron lp ngoi cựng l 3s 3p V trớ ca cỏc nguyờn t bng tun hon cỏc nguyờn t húa hc l: A X cú s th t 17, chu k 4, nhúm VIIA (phõn nhúm chớnh nhúm VII); Y cú s th t 20, chu k 4, nhúm IIA (phõn nhúm chớnh nhúm II) B X cú s th t 18, chu k 3, nhúm VIA (phõn nhúm chớnh nhúm VI); Y cú s th t 20, chu k 4, nhúm IIA (phõn nhúm chớnh nhúm II) C X cú s th t 17, chu k 3, nhúm VIIA (phõn nhúm chớnh nhúm VII); Y cú s th t 20, chu k 4, nhúm IIA (phõn nhúm chớnh nhúm II) D X cú s th t 18, chu k 3, nhúm VIIA (phõn nhúm chớnh nhúm VII); Y cú s th t 20, chu k 3, nhúm IIA (phõn nhúm chớnh nhúm II) 2+ 2 6 Cõu 2: Cu hỡnh electron ca ion X l 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d Trong bng tun hon cỏc nguyờn t hoỏ hc, nguyờn t X thuc A chu kỡ 4, nhúm VIIIA B chu kỡ 4, nhúm IIA C chu kỡ 3, nhúm VIB D chu kỡ 4, nhúm VIIIB Cõu 3: Nguyờn t ca nguyờn t X cú electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p Nguyờn t ca nguyờn t Y cng cú electron mc nng lng 3p v cú mt electron lp ngoi cựng Nguyờn t X v Y cú s electron hn kộm l Nguyờn t X, Y ln lt l A kim loi v kim loi B phi kim v kim loi C kim loi v khớ him D khớ him v kim loi Cõu 4: Trong mt nhúm A (phõn nhúm chớnh), tr nhúm VIIIA (phõn nhúm chớnh nhúm VIII), theo chiu tng ca in tớch ht nhõn nguyờn t thỡ A õm in gim dn, tớnh phi kim tng dn B tớnh phi kim gim dn, bỏn kớnh nguyờn t tng dn C tớnh kim loi tng dn, õm in tng dn D tớnh kim loi tng dn, bỏn kớnh nguyờn t gim dn Cõu 5: Cho cỏc nguyờn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19) õm in ca cỏc nguyờn t tng dn theo th t A Y < M < X < R B R < M < X < Y C M < X < Y < R D M < X < R < Y Cõu 6: Bỏn kớnh nguyờn t ca cỏc nguyờn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo th t tng dn t trỏi sang phi l A F, Na, O, Li B F, Li, O, Na C F, O, Li, Na D Li, Na, O, F Cõu 7: Cho cỏc nguyờn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12) Dóy gm cỏc nguyờn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bỏn kớnh nguyờn t t trỏi sang phi l: A N, Si, Mg, K B K, Mg, Si, N C K, Mg, N, Si D Mg, K, Si, N Cõu 8: Dóy cỏc nguyờn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tớnh phi kim t trỏi sang phi l: A P, N, O, F B P, N, F, O C N, P, O, F D N, P, F, O Cõu 9: Cụng thc phõn t ca hp cht khớ to bi nguyờn t R v hiro l RH3 Trong oxit m R cú hoỏ tr cao nht thỡ oxi chim 74,07% v lng Nguyờn t R l A As B N C S D P Cõu 10: Nguyờn t ca nguyờn t X cú cu hỡnh electron lp ngoi cựng l ns np Trong hp cht khớ ca nguyờn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% lng Phn trm lng ca nguyờn t X oxit cao nht l A 50,00% B 27,27% C 60,00% D 40,00% -5- Cõu 11: Tng s ht mang in ca nguyờn t nguyờn t X, Y, Z ln lt l: 26, 38, 40 Tớnh baz gim dn ca cỏc hidroxit tng ng ca X, Y, Z l: A X>Y>Z B Y>Z>X C Z>Y>X D Z>X>Y Cõu 12: Cho kim loi X, Y, Z, R cú cỏc tớnh cht sau: (1)Chi cú X v Z tỏc dng c vi dd HCl to khớ H2 (2)Z cú th y c cỏc kim loi X, Y, R dd mui ca chỳng (3)Phn ng R + Yn+ Rn+ + Y cú th xy Cỏc kim loi trờn c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tớnh kim loi l: A X[...]... 14 C 15 D 15 A 15 A 16 D 16 D 16 C 17 A 17 B 17 C 18 B 18 C 18 C 19 A 19 D 19 C 20 A 20 B 20 A DNG 6.1 OXI - S DNG 7 TPU - CBHH DNG 7. 1 TPU-CBHH 1 B 1 B 1 A 2 B 2 C 2 D 3 B 3 C 3 D 4 A 4 D 4 A 5 B 5 A 5 D 6 D 6 C 6 C 7 A 7 D 7 B 8 C 8 D 8 D 9 B 9 C 9 B 10 D 10 A 10 A 11 C 11 C 11 D 12 D 12 D 12 C 13 B 13 C 13 D 14 D 14 C 14 A 15 C 15 B 15 D 16 A 16 A 16 A 17 A 17 C 17 A 18 C 18 C 18 D 19 C 19 A 19 D... 4 C 4 A 5 A 5 C 5 C 6 C 6 C 6 D 7 A 7 B 7 B 8 C 8 B 8 C 9 A 9 D 9 A 10 B 10 D 10 B 11 B 11 D 11 C 12 C 12 A 12 A 13 D 13 C 13 C 14 B 14 D 14 B 15 D 15 D 15 C 16 D 16 D 16 B 17 C 17 A 17 A 18 C 18 D 18 C 19 A 19 C 19 C 20 C 20 C 20 D - 27 - DNG 5 HALOGEN DNG 5.1 - 28 - HALOGEN DNG 6 OXI - S 1 B 1 B 1 A 2 C 2 B 2 D 3 A 3 C 3 C 4 D 4 B 4 B 5 D 5 D 5 B 6 A 6 D 6 A 7 B 7 B 7 A 8 A 8 C 8 A 9 A 9 C 9 C 10... v nhit - 26 - AP AN 7 DNG HOA 10 DNG 1 CTNT DNG 1.1 CTNT DNG 2 BTH DNG 2.1 BTH 1 C 1 B 1 C 1 D 2 C 2 B 2 D 2 B 3 C 3 C 3 B 3 A 4 A 4 B 4 B 4 B 5 C 5 B 5 B 5 A 6 A 6 C 6 C 6 B 7 C 7 B 7 B 7 A 8 C 8 A 8 A 8 D 9 A 9 C 9 B 9 C 10 C 10 B 10 D 10 A 11 A 11 C 11 B 11 D 12 D 12 C 12 B 12 B 13 D 13 D 13 C 13 B 14 C 14 D 14 A 14 B 15 D 15 D 15 B 15 D 16 B 16 C 16 C 16 B 17 A 17 C 17 A 17 C 18 C 18 C 18 B 18... G t chỏy hon ton X v G cn va V lớt khớ O2 ( ktc) Giỏ tr ca V l A 2,80 B 3,36 C 3,08 D 4,48 Cõu 7: Ho tan ht 7, 74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8 ,73 6 lớt khớ H2 ( ktc) Cụ cn dung dch X thu c lng mui khan l A 38,93 gam B 103,85 gam C 25,95 gam D 77 ,86 gam THI TUYN SINH CAO NG NM 2009 Cõu 8: phõn bit CO2 v SO2 chi cn dựng thuc th l A nc brom... Z Lng KCl trong Z nhiu gp 5 ln lng KCl trong X Phn trm khi lng KCl trong X l A 25,62% B 12, 67% C 18,10% D 29 ,77 % Cõu 4: Mt loi phõn kali cú thnh phn chớnh l KCl (cũn li l cỏc tp cht khụng cha kali) c sn xut t qung xinvinit cú dinh dng 55% Phn trm khi lng ca KCl trong loi phõn kali ú l A 95,51% B 87, 18% C 65 ,75 % D 88,52% Cõu 5: Cho phng trỡnh húa hc (vi a, b, c, d l cỏc h s): aFeSO4 + bCl2 cFe2(SO4)3... kh l: A 6 B 4 C 5 D 7 Cõu 7: Nhit phõn cỏc cht sau trong bỡnh kớn khụng cú oxi: (NH 4)2CO3, Cu(NO3)2, NH4NO3, CuCO3, NH4Cl, NH4NO2, Ca(HCO3)2, (NH4)2Cr2O7, NH4HCO3, NaNO3 Cú bao nhiờu trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi húa kh? A 7 B 5 C 4 D 6 - 11 - Cõu 8: Cho cỏc cht sau: Cu, FeS2, Na2SO3, S, NaCl, Cu2O, KBr,Fe3O4 tỏc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, núng S trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi húa - kh l: A 7 B 6 C 4 D 5 Cõu 9:... B 17, 85 tn C 16, 67 tn D 12 tn Cõu 3: (C AB 2013): Thuc th no sau õy dựng phõn bit khớ H2S vi khớ CO2? A Dung dch HCl B Dung dch Pb(NO3)2 C Dung dch K2SO4 D Dung dch NaCl Cõu 4: Cú mt loi qung pirit cha 92% FeS 2 cũn li l cỏc tp cht tr Nu mi ngy nh mỏy sn xut c 100 tn dung dch H 2SO4 98% thỡ cn dựng bao nhiờu tn qung pirit trờn? Bit hiu sut quỏ trỡnh iu ch H2SO4 l 85% A 76 ,73 tn B 38,36 tn C 56, 27. .. 47, 2% Cõu 8: Clo tỏc dng c vi tt c cỏc cht dóy no sau õy: A H2, H2O, NaBr, Na B H2, Na, O2, Cu C H2, Cu, H2O, O2 D H2O, Fe, N2, Al Cõu 9: Trong cụng nghip, ngi ta sn xut I2 theo phn ng cú s sau: NaI + NaNO2 + H2SO4 I2 + NO + Na2SO4 + H2O Lng NaI cn dựng sn xut 12 ,7 kg iot (hiu sut 50%) l A 30 kg B 37, 5 kg C 15 kg D 7, 5 kg Cõu 10: Trong cỏc cht HF, HCl, HBr v HI thỡ A HF l axit mnh nht B HF c bo. .. gam B 17, 34 gam C 14,10 gam D 19,88 gam Cõu 13: Mt lng FeCl2 tỏc dng c ti a vi 9,48 gam KMnO4 trong H2SO4 loóng d thỡ thu c dung dch X Cụ cn X c m gam mui khan Xỏc nh m? A 34,28 gam B 45,48 gam C 66 ,78 gam D 20,00 gam Cõu 14: Cú cỏc húa cht : K2Cr2O7, HCl, KMnO4, MnO2, NaCl, HClO, H2SO4, KClO3 Nhng húa cht c s dng iu ch Cl2 trong phũng thớ nghim l A K2Cr2O7, HCl, KMnO4, MnO2, HClO B K2Cr2O7, HCl,... mui NaX (X l halogen) tỏc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 u thu c kt ta AgX S nhn xột ỳng l A 5 B 3 C 4 D 2 Cõu 16: Trong phn ng: K2Cr2O7 + HCl ` CrCl3 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O S phõn t HCl úng vai trũ cht kh bng k ln tng s phõn t HCl tham gia phn ng Giỏ tr ca k l A 3/14 B 4 /7 C 1 /7 D 3 /7 Cõu 17: Phỏt biu no sau õy ỳng? A Iot cú bỏn kớnh nguyờn t ln hn brom B Dung dch NaF phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 sinh ra AgF kt ta C