NOTICE OF INCORPORATION United States Legal Document ≠ All citizens and residents are hereby advised that this is a legally binding document duly incorporated by reference and that failure to comply with such requirements as hereby detailed within may subject you to criminal or civil penalties under the law Ignorance of the law shall not excuse noncompliance and it is the responsibility of the citizens to inform themselves as to the laws that are enacted in the United States of America and in the states and cities contained therein ± « ASME B31.1 (2007), Code for Pressure Piping, Section on Power Piping, as required by the laws of the States of Arizona, Alaska, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Wisconsin, et alia Power Piping ASME Code for Pressure Piping, 831 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of AS ME Power Piping ASME Code for Pressure Piping, 831 AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME ~ ~ Date of Issuance: December 7, 2007 The 2007 edition of this Code is being issued with an automatic update service that includes addenda, interpretations, and cases The use of addenda allows revisions made in response to public review comments or committee actions to be published on a regular basis; revisions published in addenda will become effective months after the Date of Issuance of the addenda The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2010 ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright © 2007 by THE AMERICAN SOCIE1Y OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.s.A Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No reproduction may be made of this matelial without written consent of AS ME CONTENTS Fore\vord Conlmittee Roster Introduction SUlnn1ary of Changes Chapter I Scope and Definitions 100 General Chapter II Design Part 101 102 Part 103 104 Part 105 106 107 108 Part 110 Conditions and Criteria Design Conditions " , Design Criteria Pressure Design of Piping Components Criteria for Pressure Design of Piping Components Pressure Design of Components Selection and Limitations of Piping Components Pipe Fittings, Bends, and Intersections Valves Pipe Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings, Gaskets, and Bolting Selection and Limitations of Piping Joints Piping Joints Welded Joints Flanged Joints Expanded or Rolled Joints Threaded Joints Flared, Flareless, and Compression Joints, and Unions " Bell End Joints Brazed and Soldered Joints Sleeve Coupled and Other Proprietary Joints Expansion, Flexibility, and Pipe Supporting Element Expansion and Flexibility Loads on Pipe Supporting Elements Design of Pipe Supporting Elements Systems Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Piping Systems 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 Part 119 120 121 Part 122 vi vii x xii 10 10 10 11 16 16 16 29 29 30 31 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 38 39 39 39 39 39 42 43 46 46 General Requirements Limitations on Materials Materials Applied to 1viiscellaneous Parts 61 61 62 63 Chapter IV Dimensional Requirements 64 126 Iv1aterial Specifications and Standards for Standard and Nonstandard Piping Components 64 Chapter V fabrication t AssembLYt and Erection 72 127 128 129 Welding Brazing and Soldering Bending and Forming Requirements for Fabricating and Attaching Pipe Supports \tVelding Preheat 72 81 82 82 83 Chapter III 123 124 125 130 131 Materials iii Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No reproduction may be made of this material "vithout V\Titten consent of ASME ~ ~ 132 133 135 Postweld Heat Treatment Staluping Assembly 83 89 89 Chapter VI 136 137 Inspection, Examination, and Testing Inspection and Examination Pressure Tests 91 91 95 Chapter VII 138 139 140 141 Operation and Maintenance General Operation and Maintenance Procedures Condition Assessment of CPS CPS Records 98 98 98 98 99 Figures 100.1.2(A) 100.1.2(B) 100.1.2(C) 102.4.5 104.3.1(D) 104.3.1 (G) 104.5.3 104.8.4 122.1.7(C) 122.4 127.3 127.4.2 127.4.4(A) 127.4.4(B) 127.4.4(C) 127.4.8(A) 127.4.8(B) 127.4.8(C) 127.4.8(D) 127.4.8(E) 127.4.8(F) 135.5.3 Tables 102.4.3 102.4.5 102.4.6(B.1.1 ) 102.4.6(B.2.2) 104.1.2(A) 112 114.2.1 121.5 121.7.2(A) Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping - Forced Flow Steam Generator With No Fixed Steam and Water Line Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping - Drum-Type Boilers Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping - Spray-Type Desuperheater Nomenclature for Pipe Bends , , , Reinforcement of Branch Connections Reinforced Extruded Outlets Types of Permanent Blanks Cross Section Resultant Moment Loading Typical Globe Valves Desuperheater Schematic Arrangement Butt Welding of Piping Components With Internal Misalignment Welding End Transition - Maximum Envelope Fillet Weld Size Welding Details for Slip-On and Socket-Welding Flanges; Some Acceptable Types of Flange Attachment Welds , Minimum Welding Dimensions Required for Socket Welding Components Other Than Flanges Typical Welded Branch Connection VVithout Additional Reinforcement Typical Welded Branch Connection \Vith Additional Reinforcement Typical Welded Angular Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcelnent Some Acceptable Types of \l\Telded Branch Attachment Details Showing rvlinimum Acceptable Welds Typical Full Penetration Weld Branch Connections for NPS and Smaller Half Couplings or Adapters Typical Partial Penetration \Veld Branch Connection for NPS and Smaller Fittings Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads Longitudinal VVeld Joint Efficiency Factors Bend Thinning Allowance Maximum Severity Level for Casting Thickness 412 in (114 mm) or Less Maximum Severity Level for Casting Thickness Greater Than 412 in (114 mn1) Values of y Piping Flange Bolting, Facing, and Gasket Requirements Threaded Joints Limitations Suggested Pipe Support Spacing Carrying Capacity of Threaded ASTM A 36, A 575, and A 576 Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel iv Copyright © 2007 bv the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME ,1 ~ € s 15 20 24 27 29 50 55 73 74 76 77 77 77 77 77 78 79 79 90 14 15 16 16 18 34 38 44 45 122.2 122.8.2(B) 126.1 127.4.2 129.3.2 132 132.1 136.4 136.4.1 Design Pressure for Blowoff/Blowdown Piping Downstream of BEl' Valves 1\,1inimum Wall Thickness Requirements for Toxic Fluid Piping Specifications and Standards Reinforcement of Girth and Longitudinal Butt Welds Approximate Lower Critical Temperatures Poshveld Heat Treatment Alternate Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Mandatory Minimum Nondestructive Examinations for Pressure Welds or \Velds to Pressure-Retaining Components Weld Imperfections Indicated by Various Types of Examination Mandatory Appendices A Table A-I, Carbon Steel Table A-2, Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel Table A-3, Stainless Steels Table A-4, Nickel and High Nickel Alloys Table A-5, Cast Iron Table A-6, Copper and Copper Alloys , , Table A-7, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys Table A-S, Temperatures 1,200°F and Above Table A-9, Titanium and Titanium Alloys B Table B-ll Thermal Expansion Data Table B-1 (SI), Thermal Expansion Data C Table C-I, Moduli of Elasticity for Ferrous Material Table C-l (51), Moduli of Elasticity for Ferrous 1tlaterial Table C-2, Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material Table C-2 (51), Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material D Table 0-11 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors Chart 0-1, Flexibility Factor, k, and Stress Intensification Factor, i Chart D-2, Correction Factor C ••.• •••••.••••••••••• •• • • • Fig 0-11 Branch Connection Dimensions F Referenced Standards , Nomenclature G H Preparation of Technical Inquiries J Quality Control Requirements for Boiler External Piping (BEP) l Nonmandatory Appendices II Rules for the Design of Safety Valve Installations rn IV V VI VII Rules for Nonmetallic Piping and Piping Lined With Nonmetals Corrosion Control for ASME B31.1 Power Piping Systems Recommended Practice for Operation, Maintenance, and Modification of Power Piping Systems Approval of New Materials Procedures for the Design of Restrained Underground Piping , Index 51 58 65 75 82 85 89 93 94 102 114 126 160 172 174 178 186 192 197 200 204 205 206 208 210 214 215 216 217 220 227 228 230 250 269 273 284 285 295 v Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME ~ ~ FOREWORD The general philosophy underlying this Pm,ver Piping Code is to parallel those provisions of Section I, Power Boilers, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, as they can be applied to power piping systems The Allowable Stress Values for power piping are generally consistent with those assigned for power boilers This Code is more conservative than some other piping codes, reflecting the need for long service life and maximum reliability in power plant installations The Pmver Piping Code as currently written does not differentiate between the design, fabrication, and erection requirements for critical and noncritical piping systems, except for certain stress calculations and mandatory nondestructive tests of welds for heavy '>vall, high temperature applications The problem involved is to try to reach agreement on how to evaluate criticality, and to avoid the inference that noncritical systems not require competence in design, fabrication, and erection Some day such levels of quality may be definable, so that the need for the many different piping codes will be overcome There are many instances where the Code serves to warn a desiglle}~ fabricator, or erector against possible pitfalls; but the Code is not a handbook, and cannot substitute for education, experience, and sound engineering judgment Nonmandatory Appendices are included in the Code Each contains information on a specific subject, and is maintained current with the Code Although written in mandatory language, these Appendices are offered for application at the user's discretion The Code never intentionally puts a ceiling limit 011 conservatism A designer is free to specify more rigid requirements as he feels they may be justified Conversely, a designer who is capable of a more rigorous analysis than is specified in the Code may justify a less conservative design, and still satisfy the basic intent of the Code The Power Piping Committee strives to keep abreast of the current technological improvements in nev,r materials, fabrication practices, and testing techniques; and endeavors to keep the Code updated to permit the use of acceptable new developments vi Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No reproduction may be made of this material Vvithout VvTitten consent of ASME Page intentionally blan k 1-4 Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No reproduction may be made ofthis material without written consent of ASME ~ ~ ASME 831.1 CASES 831.1 Cases No 32 A Case is the official method of handling a reply to an inquiry when study indicates that the Code wording needs clarification, or when the reply modifies the existing requirements of the Code or grants permission to use nev\! materials or alternative constructions ASME has agreed to publish Cases issued by the B31 Committee concerning B31.1 as part of the update service to B31.1 The text of proposed new and revised Cases and reaffirmations of current Cases appear on the ASME website at http://cstools.asme.org/csconnect/CommitteePages.cfm for public review New and revised Cases, as well as announcements of reaffirmed Cases and annulments, then appear in the next update As of the 1992 and later editions, all Cases currently in effect at the time of publication of an edition are included with it as an update This update, Cases No 32, which is included after the last page of the 2007 Edition and the Interpretations Volume 42 that fo11m,v, contains the following Cases: 175 176 177 182 179 183 Cases 146-1, 153, 162, 163, 165, 171, 173-1, and 174, which were included in Cases No 29, were allowed to expire Case 145, which was included in Cases No 30, was allowed to expire The page numbers for the Cases supplements included with updates to the 2007 Edition start with C-1 and will continue consecutively through the last update to this Edition The Cases affected by this supplement are as follows: Page Location Change C-2 Case 175 Expiration date: August 7, 2010 C-4 Case 176 Expiration date: August 7, 2010 C-6 Case 177 Expiration date: August 7, 2010 C-7 Case 179 Expiration date: June 28, 2009 C-8 Case 182 Expiration date: November 10, 2009 C-I0 Case 183 Expiration date: April 26, 2010 C-l Copyright © 2007 by the American Society ofMechallical Engineers No reproduction may be made oftbis material \.vithout written consent of ASME ~ ~ ASME 831.1 CASES B31 CASE 175 ASTM B 16 (UNS (36000) and B 453 (UNS (35300) in ASME B31.1 (onstruction Approval Date: September 12, 2003 Reaffirmation Date: August 7, 2007 This Case shall expire on August 7, 2010, unless previously annulled or reaffirmed Inquiry: May brass alloys rods and bars conforming to ASTM B 16 (UNS C36000) and B 453 (UNS C35300) be used for ASME B31.1 construction? (h) A representative finished model of each product size and design shall be tested to determine the presence of residual stresses which might result in failure of individual parts due to stress corrosion cracking Tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM B 154 or ASTM B 858M (i) Materials shall be tested to determine the presence of residual stresses which might result in failure of individual parts due to stress corrosion cracking Tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM B 154 or ASTM B 858M The test frequency shall be as specified in B 249 (j) Heat treatment after fabrication or forming is neither required nor prohibited (k) The allowable stress values shown in Table shall apply These allowable stress values are based on a tensile strength factor of safety 4.0 These stress values may be interpolated to determine values for intermediate temperatures (/) The specified minimum tensile and yield strengths sho\'vn in Table shall apply (m) This Case number shall be referenced in the documentation and marking of the material and recorded on the Manufacturer1s Data Report Reply: It is the opinion of the Committee that brass alloys rods and bars confornling to ASTM B 16 (UNS C36000) and B 453 (UNS C35300) may be used for B31.1 construction provided: (a) These materials shall not be used for boiler external piping except where specifically permitted by Section See para 100.1.2(A) (b) The maximum permissible design temperature shall not exceed 406°F (208°C) (c) The maximum permissible size of finished product shall not exceed NPS (d) These materials shall not be welded (e) These materials shall be used only in the soft anneal (060) temper (jJ Limitations for use of these materials for flammable liquids and gases shall be in accordance with paras 122.71 122.8 and 124.7 (g) Material conforming to ASTM B 16 alloy UNS C36000 shall not be used in primary pressure relief valve applications C-2 Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No reproduction may be made of this material -vvithout written consent of ASME ASME B31.1 CASES Table Maximum Allowable Stress Values in Tension, ksi, for Metal Temperature, of, Not Exceeding UNS Alloy No Size or Thickness, in Specified Minimum Tensile, ksi B 16 C36000 (36000 (36000 and under Over to Over 48 44 40 20 18 15 1.00 1.00 1.00 13.3 12.0 10.0 12.6 11.3 9.4 12.0 10.8 9.0 11.5 10.4 8.7 11.1 10.0 8.3 10.7 9.7 8.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 B 453 C35300 05300 05300 Under 1/2 1/2 to Over 46 44 40 16 15 15 1.00 1.00 1.00 10.7 10.0 10.0 10.1 9.4 9.4 9.6 9.0 9.0 9.2 8.7 8.7 8.9 8.3 8.3 8.6 8.1 8.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 06000 06000 and under Over 44 40 18 15 1.00 1.00 12.0 10.0 11.3 9.4 10.8 9.0 10.4 8.7 10.0 8.3 9.7 8.1 5.3 5.3 2.0 2.0 Spec No Specified Minimum Yield, ksi E or -20 F 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 to Rod Bar B 16 C-3 Copyright © 2007 bv the American Society of Mechanical Engineers .l No reproduction may be made of this material \vithout written consent of ASME & (litis ASME 831.1 CASES B31 CASE 176 Use of 20Cr-18Ni-6Mo (UN5 531254) for A5ME 831.1 Constructions Approval Date: September 12, 2003 Reaffirmation Date: August 7, 2007 This Case shall expire on August 7, 2010, unless previously annulled or reaffirmed Inquiry: May UNS S31254 material in the form of bar and fittings be used in ASME B31.1 povver piping systems? Reply: UNS S31254 material conforming to ASTM A 479 (bar) and A 403 (fittings) may be used for B31.1 construction provided that the following requirements are met: (a) This material is not acceptable for use in boiler external piping (b) All the applicable requirements of ASME B31.1 shall be met (c) The material shall meet the chemical composition in Table (d) The allowable stress values shown in Table shall apply (e) The material shall conform to one of the product specifications listed in Table (f) The metal shall be considered as P-No for welding Heat treatment after forming or welding is neither required nor prohibited However, if heat treatment is applied, the solution annealing treatment shall consist of heating to a minimum temperature of 2,lOO°F (1150°C), and then quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means (g) The material described in this Inquiry is one of the highest tensile strength materials approved for use in ASME pressure component applications The ASME materials database has little fatigue data on these materials When calculating the allowable expansion stress range, SA, using eq (1) in para 102.3.2(C), the allowable stress for A 106 Grade B shall be used Further, fittings manufactured using this material shall be fatigue tested to assure comparable behavior with ASME materials to be used in the installed assemblies C-4 Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No reproduction may be made of this material ""rithout written consent of ASME ~ ~ ASME B31.1 CASES Table Heat Analysis Limit, Element % Wt Carbon Manganese Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur 0.20 max 1.00 max 0.80 max 0.030 max 0.010 max Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Nitrogen Iron [Note (1)J 19.50 to 20.50 17.50 to 18.50 6.0 to 6.5 0.18 to 0.22 Balance NOTE: (1) Element shall be determined arithmetically by difference Table Spec No Maximum Allowable Stress Values in Tension, ksi P-No E -20 to 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 700 750 1.00 1.00 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5 21.4 22.4 19.9 21.3 18.5 20.5 17.9 20.1 17.7 19.9 17.5 19.9 17.3 19.8 1.00 1.00 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5 21.4 22.4 19.9 21.3 18.5 20.5 17.9 20.1 17.7 19.9 17.5 19.9 17.3 19.8 0.85 0.85 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.2 19.0 16.9 18.1 15.7 17.4 15.2 17.1 15.0 16.9 14.9 16.9 14.7 19.8 Bar A 479 A 479 [Note (1)] Fittings, WP and WP-WX A 403 A 403 [Note (1)] 8 Fittings, WP-W and WP-WU A 403 A 403 [Note (1)] 8 GENERAL NOTES: (a) Minimum tensile strength = 94 ksi (b) Minimum yield strength = 44 ksi NOTE: (1) Due to the relatively low yield strength of these materials, these higher stress values were established at temperatures where the short-time tensile properties govern to permit the use of these alloys where slightly greater deformation is acceptable The stress val2 but not exceed 90% of the yield strength at temperature Use of these stresses may result in ues in this range exceed 66 dimensional changes due to permanent strain These stress values are not recommended for the flanges of gasketed joints or other applications where slight amounts of distortion can cause leakage or malfunction 13% Table Product Specification Spec No Product Type A 403 Fittings, seamless and welded Bar A 479 C-5 Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No reproduction may be made of this material without \\[...]... stresses added 12 -14 10 2.3.2 Revised in its entirety 10 2.4.5(B) Last paragraph revised 15 Fig 10 2.4.5 Fig 10 4.2 .1 redesignated as Fig 10 2.4.5 19 10 4.3 .1( D.2) (1) First paragraph revised (2) Nomenclature for tr revised 20, 21 Fig 10 4.3 .1( D) Revised in its entirety 22 10 4.3 .1( D.2.2) Equations revised 10 4.3 .1( 0.2.3) Nomenclature for A6 added 10 4.8.2 Nomenclature for 1\ 118 revised 10 4.8.3 Revised 32 10 7.8.3 Revised... Table 11 2 For items (d), (h), and (i), and for Notes (9) and (11 ), cross-references to ASME B16.5 revised 38 11 4.2 .1 Revised 11 4.2.3 Revised 39-42 11 9 Revised in its entirety 44 12 1.7.2(A) First pcuagraph revised 45 Table 12 1.7.2(A) Revised in its entirety 46 12 2 .1. 1 First paragraph revised 54 12 2.4 (1) Title revised (2) Subparagraphs (A.4) and (A .10 ) revised 55 Fig 12 2.4 Bottom callout revised 57 12 2.8... without written consent of ASME ~ ~ ASME 8 31. 1 -2007 Fig 10 0 .1. 2(B) Code Jurisdktionallimits for Piping - Drum-Type Boilers Vents and instrumentation 12 2.6.2 :~~:i:li:~::~::I~~O~~} r Common header ~ Drain ¢x::t1 12 2 .1. 2 1Ivr= -''' -=-,." -.jXJ-I Steam drum 12 2 .1. 6 12 2 .1. 4 ~ - _ -;i.Xj)-::::::::: Inlet header -cr::: - Nonboiler External Piping and Joint (NBEP) - The ASME Code Committee for Pressure Piping, B 31, has total administrative and technical responsibility 2 Copyright © 2007 by the American... Section V of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, and the 15 Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers No reproduction may be made of this material vvithout \\Titten consent of ASME ~ ~ ASME B 31. 1- 2007 Table 10 2.4.6(8 .1. 1) Maximum Severity level for Casting Thickness 4Yz in (11 4 mm) or less Severity Level Discontinuity Category Designation ::; ;1 in (25 mm) Thick >1 in (25 mm)... ASME ~ ~ ASME 8 31. 1 -2007 SUMMARY OF CHANGES Following approval by the B 31 Committee and ASME, and after public review, ASME 6 31. 1 -2007 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on May 30, 2007 Changes given below are identified on the pages by a margin note, (07), placed next to the affected area Pacre ,,) Location Chancre ,,) 1 100 .1. 1 First paragraph revised 5-9 10 0.2 Co'uered piping... Article 2 of Section V of the ASME Boiler and Pressure 1. 06tm 1. 08tm 1. 14tm 1. 25tm diameters or greater diameters diameters diameters GENERAL NOTES: (a) Interpolation is permissible for bending to intermediate radii (b) tm is determined by eq (3) or (3A) of para 10 4 .1. 2(A) (c) Pipe diameter is the nominal diameter as tabulated in ASME B36 .10 M, Tables 1, and ASME B36 .19 M, Table 1 For piping with a diameter... range of sizes, pressures, and temperatures covered in B 31. 1; B 31. 11 Slurry Transportation Piping Systems: piping transporting aqueous slurries between plants and terminals and within terminals, pumping, and regulating stations This is the B 31. 1 Power Piping Code Section Hereafter, in this Introduction and in the text of this Code Section B 31. 1, where the word Code is used ilvithout specific identification,