English Linkers and Connectors • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Sequencing First Primero/Firstly/In the first place En primer lugar/First of all Antes que nada/To begin with Para empezar Second Segundo/Secondly/In the second place En segundo lugar Third Tercero/Thirdly En tercero lugar Then entonces, después After that Después de eso Next luego All of a sudden De repente In the meantime, meanwhile mientras tanto While mientras Finally Finalmente/in short En resumen/to sum up Para resumir/in conclusion Para concluir/lastly Por último, last but not least No por ello menos importante/in the end al final Contrasting But pero / yet todavia “The book is short but / yet interesting” in spite of / despite a pesar de “He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late” or “Despite/in spite of getting up late, he arrived on time” Instead of en vez de “Instead of cooking, we went out to dinner” although / though aunque/ even though / in spite of the fact that a pesar del hecho de “Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all passed their exams” or They all passed the exams, although/though/even though/in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied However sin embargo, nevertheless no obstante “He was quite ill however/ nevertheless, he went to school” on the one hand por un lado, on the other hand por otro lado “On the one hand, I like chocolate On the other hand, I know I shouldn´t eat it very often” while, whereas mientras “This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring” in contrast to/contrary to/on the contrary por el contrario In contrast to/ Contrary to popular opinion/On the contrary, I like the president´ • • • • • • • • • • • • • Expressing Consequence/Results Consequently / As a consequence como consequencia/ As a result como resultado/ Therefore por lo tanto/For this reason Por esta razon “Consequently/As a consequence/As a result/Therefore / For this reason, it always passes its annual road test” Because of a causa de “Because of the bad weather, we decided to stay at home” That´s why por eso, por eso razón “Snow is dangerous That´s why I never drive in it” As a consequence of como consequencia de/ As a result of como resultado de “As a consequence of/As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal” So asi que “So she would pass the test, Mary studied every night” Adding Information Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides / Además What's more y es más “Spain should not accept financial assistance from the EU, moreover/furthermore/in addition/besides, Greece shouldn´t accept help either” As well as / In addition to Además de/ Besides Además “As well as/In addition to/Besides soul music, she also likes rap’ apart from aparte de “Apart from English, she speaks French” And eventually en algún momento “And eventually the economic crisis will end” Expressing Reason, Cause, and Purpose Because / As / Since / Seeing that Ya que/Due to the fact that a debido que ‘Because / as / since / seeing that/Due to the fact that it’s late, we should go home’ Because of / On account of a causa de/ Owing to / Due to debido a “Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather, we stayed at home” For this reason por esta razón/For that reason Por esa razón “For this reason/For that reason, Real Madrid is the best football team” In order to/so as to/to para: “In order to/So as to/To have a healthy heart, exercise and a healthy diet are very important” • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • All the same a pesar de todo “We were late for the doctor´s appointment All the same, he agreed to help us” Expressing Facts Actually En realidad “Actually, Extremadura is a beautiful placed to live” As a matter of fact De hecho “As a matter of fact, broccoli is healthier than chips” In fact de hecho “Sara really likes England In fact, she plans to live there for many more years” Really en realidad “Really, you think that´s the best answer?” Expressing a personal opinion As far as I´m concerned Por lo que a mi respecta “As far as I´m concerned, U2 is the best band of all time” or “U2 is the best band of all time, as far as I´m concerned” From my point of view Desde mi punto de vista “From my point of view, U2 is the best band of all time” I agree Estoy de acuerdo “I agree that U2 is the best band” I disagree No estoy de acuerdo “I disagree that U2 is the best band of all time I think REM is better” In my opinion en mi opinión “In my opinion, green is the best color” or “Green is the best color, in my opinion” In my view Según lo “In my view, the economic crisis will end soon” I think that Creo que “I think that Spain should accept help from the EU” It is true that Es verdad que “It is true that we should all recycle” Personally Personalmente “Personally, I don´t like cold weather” or “I personally don´t like cold weather” To be honest Para ser honesto “To be honest, your clothes not match” To tell you the truth A decir verdad “To tell you the truth, I´m very sad” Or “I´m very sad, to tell you the truth” • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • So that para que “So that you can hear me, I will use a microphone” Giving examples For example / For instance por ejemplo “Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for example/for instance, oranges have Vitamin C´ Such as as tal como “Exercise, such as tennis or aerobics, is good for your heart” And so on etcetera “I like broccoli, spinach, tomatoes, beets, and so on” Explaining That is (to say) es decir “The U.S is a democracy That is to say that the people make the decisions” In other words en otras palabras “My mom has trouble using technology In other words, she can´t even use Microsoft Word” In short En resumen “In short, Spain should not accept assistance from the EU” Above all/All in all sobre todo “Above all/all in all, Cácares is the most beautiful city in Spain” At least a menos “At least two people in the class forgot their homework” Basically básicamente, fundamentalmente “Basically, exercise is the best way to keep your heart healthy” Especially especialmente, sobre todo “Spanish food is delicious, especially Spanish tortilla” Essentially esencialmente “Apple is essentially the most efficient brand of computer” In general en general “In general, dogs are more work than cats” In particular en particular “I like Spanish food In particular, paella is delicious” More or less más o menos “She more or less eats healthy foods everyday” On the whole en general “On the whole, English is an important language to know” To a certain extent hasta cierto punto “To a certain extent, I find cleaning enjoyable” • • • • • Summarizing All in all en suma “All in all, that is the best book I´ve ever read” In brief/In short en resumen “In brief/In short, it´s a story about a man going through a crisis” In conclusion En concluir “In conclusion, it´s the best book I´ve ever read” On the whole en general “On the whole, it is better to love than be loved” To sum up Para resumir “To sum up the discussion, Tom thinks Spain should accept help from the EU, while Sara disagrees”