Review - 12 MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - RELATIVE CLAUSES I Định nghĩa: - Mệnh đề quan hệ (relative clause) gọi mệnh đề tính ngữ (Adjective clause) mệnh đề phụ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước (tiền ngữ) - Mệnh đề quan hệ nối với mệnh đề đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT,WHOSE trạng từ quan hệ WHERE, WHEN, WHY - Vị trí : Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng sau danh từ mà bổ nghĩa II Cách dùng: Relative Pronouns & Adverbs: Functions Subject Object Poss Adv Antecedents Things Which Which Whose + n (of which) People Who Whom Whose + n Place Where Time When Reason Why WHO: - WHO đại từ quan hệ (relative pronoun) người, sau tiền ngữ người để làm chủ ngữ cho động từ đứng sau no (S) ex: The man who is standing over there is Mr Pike WHOM: - WHOM đại từ quan hệ người, đứng sau tiền ngữ người để lam tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau (O) ex: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt WHICH: - WHICH đại từ quan hệ vật, đứng sau tiền ngữ vật để làm chủ ngữ (S) làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau (O) ex: This is the book which I like best /The hat which is red is mine THAT: - THAT đại từ quan hệ người lẫn vật, dùng thay cho WHO/WHOM/ WHICH mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn ( Restrictive clauses) ex: That is the book that I like best WHOSE: - WHOSE đại từ quan hệ đứng sau tiền ngữ người thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ WHOSE dùng cho vật ( = Of which ) WHOSE kèm với danh từ ex: The boy whose bicycle you borowed yesterday is Tom He found a cat whose leg was broken WHEN: - WHEN trạng từ quan hệ thời gian, đứng sau tiền ngữ thời gian - WHEN dùng để thay cho “ at/ on/ in/ + which; then” ex: May Day is the day when / on which peole hold a meeting WHERE: - WHERE môt trạng từ quan hệ nơi chốn, đứng sau tiền ngữ nơi chốn - WHERE dùng để thay cho “ at/ on/ in/ + which; there” ex: That is the house where/ in which we are living now WHY: - WHY đại từ quan hệ lý do, đứng liền sau tiền ngữ “ THE REASON” - WHY dùng để thay cho “ FOR THE REASON” ex: Please tell me the reason why you are so sad * Relative Clauses: Rel Cl Relative clause Ant Relative pronoun / adverb The other parts + V ( + O) Things + which / that + S+V + who / that + V( + O) People + whom /that + S+V V ( + O) People/ things + whose +n+ S+V Place + where Time + when + S + V (+ O) Reason + why Ex: a/ Could you iron the trousers? They’re hanging up behind the door ↔ Could you iron the trousers which/that are hanging up behind the door? b/ She showed me the radio She had bought it ↔ She showed me the radio which/ that She had bought c/ I don’t like the people People lose their temper easily ↔ I don’t like the people who /that lose their temper easily d/ The man works here I saw him yesterday ↔ The man whom/ that I saw yesterday works here e/ The house is very large Its door is green ↔ The house whose door is green is very large f/ Have you seen the girl? I’m keeping her bicycle ↔ Have you seen the girl whose bicycle I’m keeping? Review - 12 g/ Vietnam is beautiful We live in vietnam ↔Vietnam, where we live, is beautiful III Phân loại: Có loại mệnh đề quan hệ: Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (defining relative clauses) - Đây mệnh đề cần thiết tiền ngữ chưa xác định, câu không đủ nghĩa, không bị ngăn cách dấu phẩy ex: The man who/ that keeps the school library is Mr Green Restrictive relative clause - Nếu đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ ta lược bỏ Ex: Here is the car I told you about Do the tests I gave you Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-defining relative clauses) - Đây loại mệnh đề không cần thiết tiền ngữ xác định, có tác dụng bổ nghĩa cho từ đứng trước nó, câu đầy đủ nghĩa - Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ngăn với mệnh đề dấu phẩy - Từ/cụm từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ thường tên riêng (Mary, Hoa ), tên môn thể thao (football, tennis ), danh từ có đại từ định( this, that, these, those) tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, your ) ex: This is Mrs Lien, who helped me last week Non- Restrictive relative clause Ex: This is my book I bought it at ABC bookstore. This is my book, which I bought at ABC bookstore IV Mệnh đề quan hệ giới từ: - Giới từ đứng sau động từ trước đại từ quan hệ ex: This is the man whom Peter lives with = This is the man with whom Peter lives - during, without đứng trước đại từ quan hệ - Không dùng who/that sau giới từ - Đối với cụm động từ (get up, turn of, look for, look after, ) giới từ đứng sau động từ V Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ: Replacing/ Reducing Relative Clause: (Thay thế/ Rút gọn Mệnh đề quan hệ) I Replacing/ Reducing by RC Present Participle Phrase: (Thay thế/ Rút gọn Mệnh đề quan hệ cụm Hiện phân từ_ V_ing): • Using: Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn cụm Hiện phân từ câu mệnh đề quan hệ thể Chủ động Ex: The man who is standing over there is my father → The man standing over there is my father Ex: The girl who helped you yesterday is a student of class 11/7 → The girl helping you yesterday is a student of class 11/7 II Replacing/ Reducing RC by Past Participle Phrase (Thay thế/ Rút gọn Mệnh đề quan hệ Quá khứ phân từ (V3/ V_ed)) • Using: Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn cụm Quá khứ phân từ câu Mệnh đề thể bị động Ex: The man who was invited to the party last night is my friend → The man invited to the party last night is my friend ** Các cách xác định: Verb ( Vs/ Ves) / Ved/ V2 * S+ Relative Pronounce + Tobe + V_ing (Chủ Động) Have/ has/ had + P.P * S + R.P + Tobe ( am/ is/ are / was/ were + P.P( V3/ Ved) ) Tobe + Being + P.P ( V3/Ved) Have/ has/ had/ + Been + P.P ( V3/ Ved)) ( Bị Động) III Replacing/ Reducing RC by Infinitive Phrase ( Thay thế/ Rút gọn Mệnh đề quan hệ cụm “ To_ infinitive”) • Using: Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn cụm “ To_infinitive” nếu: + Trong câu số thứ tự ( first, second, third, next, last ) Ex: He is the first person who came to class this morning → He is the first person to come to class this morning + Trong câu có chứa Modal verbs ( can, could, may, must ) Review - 12 Ex: We had a river which we could swim in → We had a river to swim in + Trong câu có chứa từ “ Only” : Ex: He is only a man that helps you → He is only a man to help you VI Lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ: Ta lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ xác định giới từ đứng trước Ex: Here is the car which I sold him → Here is the car I sold him V THAT That dùng trường hợp sau: - Thay Who/ Whom/ Which mệnh đề quan hệ xác định - Sau so sánh nhất: Ex: She is the most warm-heated woman I have met her.She is the most warm-heated woman that I have met - Sau từ như: all, few, any, only, anything, last, first, It + be + … Ex: Do all the test I gave you them Do all the test that I gave you It is the girl She does this exercises. It is the girl that does this exercises - Sau danh từ vừa người vừa vật Ex: I see people and cattle They go down town I see people and cattle that go down town That không dùng trường hợp sau: - Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định Ex: This is Nam He is my best friend This is Nam who is my best friends This is Nam that is my best friends (wrong) - Có giới từ đứng liền trước Ex: Here is the car I told you about it Here is the car which I told you about Here is the car about which I told you /Here is the car that I told you about Here is the car about that I told you (wrong) ********* ********* MULTIPLE CHOICE This is the place _ I met my wife A what B where C which D that Simon is the man _ Mary loves A who B which C whom D A&C She is the one _ I told you about A what B which C whose D who Those _ had studied hard passed their exams A what B which C who D whose The magazine _ you lent me is interesting A what B which C whom D whose The man _ is resting is very tired A what B which C whom D who The boy _ sat next to you is my friend A who B which C whom D whose We are using books were printed last year A what B who C which D whose I don't like stories _ have unhappy endings A where B which C they D who 10 This is a town many people live A in which B which C at which D on which 11 She, is your sister, lives far away A which B who C whom D she 12 I see some girls are pretty A whom B which C who D they 13 Give back the money you took A it B who C whom D which 14 He was killed by a man friends we know A whose B which C whom D that 15 He spoke to the messengers with you were leaving A which B whom C.whose D that 16 We captured a town is in Spain A whom B where C which D it 17 The farmers we saw were in the field A whose B which C they D whom 18 The women I gave the money were glad A to whom B to that C for whom D for that 19 I saw those slaves had been led to the city A whose B which C whom D who 20 The people courage you praised are now citizens A whose B which C whom D that 21 You folks live in farmhouses not like the life of the city.A whose B who C they D.which 22 Those towns _you were looking at in Gaul are small A who B where C which D.whom 23 I sent my friend the books _ I had written A who B which C whom D what 24 I must thank the man from _ I got the present A who B whom C that D which 25 He is the man _ son is a doctor A whom B which C who D whose 26 The woman next door is a famous singer A lives B who live C living D that living 27 The man at the blackboard is our teacher A stood B stands C standing D to stand 28 The film about _ they are talking is fantastic A who B which C whom D that Review - 12 29 That ’s the woman to Jim used to be married A who B whom C which D that 30 The people for the bus in the rain are getting well A waiting B to wait C waited D wait 31 He is the boy _ is my best friend A that B whom C who D A& C 32 Melanie was the only person a letter of thanks A wrote B written C to write D writing 33 I’ll see you near the post office _we met the other day A which B where C when D why 34 I know a boy _father is a very important person A what B where C which D.whose 35 This is the place we have tea A what B where C which D that 36 Tomorrow I'll tell you the hour _ you must come A what B where C which D when 37 People never work don't earn money A what B who C which D.whom 38 This is the boy I met in the park A what B Ø C whom D B&C 39 Dogs bite people are dangerous A which B they C whom D who 40 The clock is over the door is broken A on which B they C which D who 41 That is the boy car is completely new A which B whose C whom D who 42 Give me the ball I lent you last Sunday A which B.Ø C that D.All are correct 43 Who is that man is parking the car? A which B they C who D.whose 44 Tell me the time you are going to arrive A at which B they C when D A&C 45 That radio is on the table is not yours A which B they C whose D who 46 The woman is speaking to Tom is her mother A which B who C whose D she 47 Do you know the wife of that man is waiting for the bus? A which B he C who D.whom 48 I apologized to the boy book I borrowed A which B who C whom D.whose 49 The books _ written by Jack London is very interesting A which were B were C whose D.which 50 I am going to visit the town _ I was born and grew up A where B which C when D who 51 This is Mary, is taking over my job when I leave A that B which C who D.whom 52 I’ll never forget the place _I first met you A at where B where C at which D.on which 53 They asked me a lot of questions, _ I couldn’t answer A most of which B of which most C most of that D of that most 54 That is the house in I used to live A that B which C where D there 55 The man _ is my teacher A who she is speaking to B whom she is speaking with C to whom she is speaking D to whom she is speaking with 56 Sunday is the day _which we usually go fishing A during B at C in D on 57 The music we listened last night was boring A to which B which to C to that D that 58 The man I introduced you to last night is thoughtful A whom B that C Ø D.all are correc 59 She couldn’t answer any question, _made me surprised A that B it C this D which 60 It in Hanoi I was born and grew up A is/that B was/that C was/which D.is/which 61 It Lan _ always helps him in his trouble A was/who B was/that C is/who D is/ which 62 He told her about the book He liked it best A He told her about the book which he liked it best B He told her about the book which he liked best C He told her about the book whom he liked best D He told her about the book whose he liked best 63 The old man is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday A The old man is working in this factory which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday B The old man whom is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday C The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working in this factory D The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working in this factory 64 This is my opinion You can nothing to change it A You can nothing to change it my mind B There’s nothing you can to change my mind C There’s nothing can be done except changing my mind D You can everything to change it my mind 65 The man _, is the secretary A which you have just spoken B whose you have just spoken C to whom you have just spoken D to who you have just spoken 66 It is the village where you , isn’t it ? A used to living B used to live C use to live D use living 67 This is my opinion You can nothing to change it A You can nothing to change it my mind B There’s nothing you can to change my mind C There’s nothing can be done except changing my mind D You can everything to change it my mind 68 We like the computer We bought it yesterday Review - 12 A We like the computer which we bought it yesterday C We like the computer we bought yesterday B We like the computer we bought which yesterday D The computer we like we bought yesterday ********* ********* Combine these sentences using : My parents send their best wishes You met them last month The parcel contained a bomb They had opened it carefully The match will be shown on TV tonight They filmed it this afternoon His sisters are identical twins I saw them last The lady is a famous writer You met her at the party last night The child enjoyed the chocolates Her mother bought them from France A woman answered the phone She told me you was busy The bus is always crowded I take it to school every morning They are singing a song I don’t know the song 10 A man spoke to me He was very helpful 11 We enjoy this city It has been renewed a lot after the war 12 4th June is the day I was born on that day 13 This is the house I was born in the house 14 The film is fantastic They are talking about it 15 She’s the nurse We gave the flowers to her Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng Ving , V3 Vto Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country The children who attend that school receive a good education The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress They live in a house that was built in 1980 I haven’t got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page I came from a city that is located in the Southern part of the country Do you know the woman who is coming toward us? The people who were waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet The photograph which were published in the newspapers He was the second man who was killed in this way Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country 10 The children who attend that school receive a good education 11 The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress 12 They live in a house that was built in 1980 13 We have an apartment which overlooks the park ☺☺☺☺☺Learn, learn more, learn forever!☺☺☺☺☺