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Passive VOICE A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about passive and exercises B/ Procedures : I / GRAMMAR A/ The passive voice Active : Hemingway wrote The old man and the sea Passive: The old man and the sea was written S + be + PII Tense Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future Present Perfect Past Perfect Present Continuous Past Continuous Modals Active voice eat, eats ate will, shall eat has, have eaten had eaten am, is, are eating was, were eating can eat by Hemingway + by + O Passive voice am, is, are eaten was, were eaten will, shall be eaten has,have been eaten had been eaten am, is, are being eaten was, were being eaten can be eaten Notes: - Trạng từ thời gian đứng sau by Ex : She does the housework every morning The housework is done by her every morning -Trạng từ thể cách đứng to be PII E x : She cooked the meals carefully The meals were carefully cooked by her -Trạng t nơi chốn đứng trớc by Ex : She will put the flower vase in the living room The flower vase will be put in the living room by her -Đối với chủ ngữ : nobody, nothing, no one áp dụng cách chuyển Ex : Nobody saw him last night He was not seen last night He was seen by nobody last night -Các chủ ngữ mơ hồ : somebody, something, people, they, someone, chuyển sang câu bị động lợc bỏ by + O Ex : Somebody has stolen my purse My purse has been stolen - Động từ nêu lên ý kiến : say, think, believe, report, know đổi theo cách: Ex : People said that he had gone abroad It was said that he has gone abroad He was said to have gone abroard Các nội động từ (Động từ không yêu cầu tân ngữ nào) không đợc dùng bị động Ex: My leg hurts Đặc biệt chủ ngữ chịu trách nhiệm hành động không đợc chuyển thành câu bị động Ex: The America takes charge: Nớc Mỹ nhận lãnh trách nhiệm Nếu ngời vật trực tiếp gây hành động dùng by nhng vật gián tiếp gây hành động dùng with Ex: The bird was shot with the gun - The bird was shot by the hunter Trong số trờng hợp to be/to get + P2 hoàn toàn không mang nghĩa bị động mà mang nghĩa: Chỉ trạng thái mà chủ ngữ Ex: Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone Ex: He got lost in the maze of the town yesterday Chỉ việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy Ex: The little boy gets dressed very quickly Ex: Could I give you a hand with these tires No thanks, I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts Mọi biến đổi thời thể nhằm vào động từ to be, phân từ giữ nguyên to be made of: Đợc làm (Đề cập đến chất liệu làm nên vật) Ex: This table is made of wood to be made from: Đợc làm từ (đề cập đến việc nguyên vật liệu bị biến đổi hoàn toàn trạng thái ban đầu để làm nên vật) Ex: Paper is made from wood to be made out of: Đợc làm (đề cập đến trình làm vật) Ex: This cake was made out of flour, butter, sugar, eggs and milk to be made with: Đợc làm với (đề cập đến số nhiều chất liệu làm nên vật) Ex: This soup tastes good because it was made a lot of spices B/ The present perfect tense 1/ Form (+) S + have/has + PII (-) S + have/has + not + PII (?) Have/Has + S + PII ? 2/ The uses a) Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ không nêu rõ thời gian Ex : I have read the introduction but I dont understand them She has painted her room b) Một hành động xảy gần mà kết Ex : Tom has had a bad car accident c) Một hành động bắt đầu khứ nhng tiếp diễn đến (thờng dùng với since for) -Since: thời điểm -For: thời lợng Ex : We have lived in this house since 1972 They have stayed in that hotel for two weeks d) Một hành động xảy khoảng thời gian cha chấm dứt ( thờng dùng với today, this morning, this month, all night, all week.) Ex : He has played video games all night I have got many bad marks this semester e) Đợc dùng với cấu trúc : * This/That/ It is the first/second/thirdtime * This/That/ It is the only * This/That/It is + superlative Ex : This is the first time I have been to London This is the only party Ive ever enjoyed in my life That is the most exciting novel Ive ever read f) Thờng dùng với thành ngữ : already, notyet, yet, ever, never, just, so far, recently, lately Ex : Have you seen Ann lately ? My parents have just bought a new house II-Exercises Ex 1/ Supply the corect form of the verbs in brackets She ( leave ) school last year Since then she (work).as a waitress at a local pub Im sorry I ( not finish) this homework yet You (see)any good films recently? How many cups of coffee (drink).today ? Our team (be) rubbish They (just lose)eight games one after the other Poems as well as plays ( write).by William Shakespeare Im not cooking today I (cook) all the meals yesterday In fact, I (cook) most of the meals this week This is the second times I ( come back).to Ho Chi Minh city The dancers ( perform).very well when we came in 10.They ( have )a party at their friends house tonight EX 4/ Change the following sentences from the active into the passive 1.My sister gave me a new pair of Jeans on my fifteen birthday The worker are building a supermarket on our street The zoo keepers feed the animals twice a day They have sold their car to pay their dept We are going to grow flowers in the front garden You musnt use this machine after 5.30 pm My grandmother is knitting a new sweater for me Did people make jeans two hundred years ago ? We dont use this kind of cloth to make shirts 10 Vietnamese women continue to wear the unique and fashtionable ao dai * ANSWERS: EX1: left/ has worked were written haven't finished cooked / have cooked have you seen have come back have drunk were performing is/ have just lost 10 are going to have EX2: 1/ So when did you get / return/ come back home ? 2/ How long did you stay there ? 3/ What was the weather like ( there ) ? 4/ What/ Where did you visit ? 5/ Did you speak English all the time ? EX4: I was given a new pair of jeans on my fifteen birthday by my sister or A new pair of jeans was given to me on my fifteen birthday by my sister A supermarket is being built on our street ( by the workers ) The animals are fed twice a day ( by the zoo keepers ) Their car has been sold to pay their debt ( by them ) Flowers are going to be grown in the front garden ( by us ) This machine mustn't be used after 5.30 pm ( by you ) 7.A new sweater is being knitted for me by my grandmother Were jeans made two hundred years ago This kind of cloth isn't used to make shirts ( by us ) 10 The unique and fashionable ao dai continues to be worn by Vietnamese women