All about types of verbs

Verbs What is a verb? A verb is one of the main parts of a sentence or question in English In fact, you can’t have a sentence or a question without a verb! That’s how important these “action” parts of speech are The verb signals an action, an occurrence, or a state of being Whether mental, physical, or mechanical, verbs always express activity Physical Verbs – Definition and Examples Physical verbs are action verbs They describe specific physical actions If you can create a motion with your body or use a tool to complete an action, the word you use to describe it is most likely a physical verb Physical Verb Examples The physical verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification  Let’s run to the corner and back  I hear the train coming  Call me when you’re finished with class Mental Verbs – Definition and Examples Mental verbs have meanings that are related to concepts such as discovering, understanding, thinking, or planning In general, a mental verb refers to a cognitive state Examples The mental verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification  I know the answer  She recognized me from across the room  Do you believe everything people tell you? States of Being Verbs – Definition and Examples Also known as linking verbs, state of being verbs describe conditions or situations that exist State of being verbs are inactive since no action is being performed These verbs are usually complemented by adjectives States of Being Verb Examples The state of being verbs in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification  I am a student  We are circus performers  Please is quiet Types of Verbs How many types of verbs are there? In addition to the main categories of physical verbs, mental verbs, and state of being verbs, there are several other types of verbs In fact, there are more than ten different types of verbs that are grouped by function Action Verbs Action Verbs are verbs that express verbs express specific actions, and are used any time you want to show action or discuss someone doing something Ex: run, walk, do, drive I’ll my homework when I get home Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Most action verbs are defined as transitive or intransitive This means that some are used with a direct object (the person or thing that receives the action of the subject) and others don’t need a direct object Some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive depending on their meaning Transitive Verb – Joe will send the price quote as soon as he can Intransitive Verb – Many of the students are not well They coughed throughout the lesson Transitive Verbs Transitive verbs always receive a direct object: Richard annoys his boss so much that he’ll never get a promotion (His boss is the direct object of annoys and a promotion is the direct object of get) Jenna brings Mrs Smith lunch every day (Mrs Smith is the direct object of brings Jenna is the subject Here’s a list of some common transitive verbs that must be followed by a direct object:  bring  tell  lay  send  verify  lend  owe  check  offer  contain  get  edit  buy  wash  make  show  finalize  phone  take  annoy Intransitive Verbs Intransitive verbs not need a direct object in order to complete their meaning Many are followed by an adjective, adverb, preposition or verb complement (gerund or infinitive) Here is a list of common intransitive verbs:  come  run  immigrate  explode  cough  lie  laugh  swim  arrive  sit  emigrate  continue  rise  smile  die  excel  act  go  respond  cry If Cathy continues to be late for work, the boss will fire her (Continues is followed by an infinitive (to be), with no direct object.) The bomb exploded in the city center (Exploded is followed by a preposition of place with no direct object.) Many verbs can be both transitive and intransitive depending on their meanings Examples Jamie set the documents down on the CEO’s desk (Transitive: The documents are the direct object to the verb: set.) The sun set low over the Pacific Ocean (Intransitive: Low is an adverb Set doesn’t need a direct object.) Ms Tyson manages the accounting department (Transitive: The accounting department is thedirect object to the verb: manage.) John has had difficulty managing since his wife’s death (Intransitive: Since is a preposition of time.Managing doesn’t need a direct object) Note: Transitive and intransitive verbs can appear in any tense Here is a list of several verbs that can be both transitive and intransitive depending on their meanings:  set  sing  stop  leave  write  climb  give  teach  run  study  burn  check  sit  eat  cost  grow  paint  go  smell  drive  pay  dance  manage  improve Exercises – Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Decide whether the following verbs are transitive, intransitive or both: The workmen have been painting for hours When they call from the charity, Mrs Alpert always gives generously Before you send the proposal, make sure you edit it carefully That perfume smells nice My new car cost me a small fortune Jim owed his landlord $450 Pete emigrated from Australia in 1998 The customer was tired of waiting, so he got up and left Are you sure you want to paint the ceiling too? 10 Please take the documents over to Mrs Samuels’ office Answers: intransitive transitive intransitive intransitive transitive intransitive intransitive transitive transitive 10 transitive Auxiliary (or Helping) Verbs Auxiliary (or Helping) verbs are used together with a main verbto show the verb’s tense or to form a negative or question The most common auxiliary verbs are have, be, and Does Sam write all his own reports? The secretaries haven’t written all the letters yet Terry is writing an e-mail to a client at the moment Auxiliary verbs, also known as helping verbs, add functional or grammatical meaning to the clauses in which they appear They perform their functions in several different ways:  By expressing tense ( providing a time reference, i.e past, present, or future)  Grammatical aspect (expresses how verb relates to the flow of time)  Modality (quantifies verbs)  Voice (describes the relationship between the action expressed by the verb and the participants identified by the verb’s subject, object, etc.)  Adds emphasis to a sentence Auxiliary verbs almost always appear together with a main verb, and though there are only a few of them, they are among the most frequently occurring verbs in the English language How to Identify an Auxiliary Verb You probably know that every sentence has at least one verb in it There are two main types of verbs Action verbs are used to depict activities that are doable, and linking verbs are used to describe conditions Both action verbs and linking verbs can accompany auxiliary verbs including the three main ones: do,be, and have Sometimes actions or conditions occur only one time and then they’re over It’s at times like these that some of the same verbs that are used as auxiliary verbs are instead used as action or linking verbs In this example, we see the word “is” This is one of the most common auxiliary verbs, but because it stands alone here, it is not functioning as an auxiliary verb Jerry slammed the car door on his thumb He is in horrible pain “Is” is a linking verb in this sentence Because it stands alone, it is not an auxiliary verb At other times, an action or condition is ongoing, happening predictably, or occurring in relationship to another event or set of events In these cases, single-word verbs like is are not accurately capable of describing what happened, so phrases that include auxiliary verbs are used instead These can be made up of anywhere from two to four words A main verb, also known as a base verb, indicates the kind of action or condition taking place An auxiliary or helping verb accompanies the main verb and conveys other nuances that help the reader gain specific insight into the event that is taking place Read the following sentences and explanations to gain greater insight into how auxiliary verbs work Jerry caught his thumb in the car door as coffee spilled from his cup onto his favorite shirt Jerry is always spilling things Since Jerry is also accident prone, he should have been drinking coffee from a mug with a lid, which would not have spilled on his favorite shirt In sentence one, caught and spilled, single-word verbs, describe quick, one-time actions of both Jerry and his messy coffee This sentence does not contain an auxiliary verb Since Jerry often has unfortunate accidents, is spillingcommunicates the frequency of his clumsy actions in sentence two In sentence three, the auxiliary verbs that make upshould have been drinking and would have stainedexpress time relationships as well as an evaluation of Jerry’s actions Three Common Auxiliary Verbs There are just three common auxiliary verbs:  Have  Do  Be In this section, we’ll take a closer look at how these common verbs work, plus you’ll see some examples Have “Have” is a very important verb that can stand alone in all its tenses, including has, have, having, had, and hadn’t or had not It is usually used to denote ownership, and it can also be used to discuss ability or describe appearance “Have” is also a very popular substitute for the verbs “eat” and “drink.” For example: “Let’s have dinner.” When used as an auxiliary verb, have is always teamed up with another verb to create a complete verb phrase, making it easy to differentiate between uses You can see the difference in the sentences below:  Jerry has a large coffee stain on his shirt → Has = action verb  Jerry has bought a new shirt to replace the one that was ruined earlier → Has = auxiliary verb; bought is a past participle that competes the verb phrase  Jerry should have been more careful! → Have = auxiliary verb; phrase “should have been” expresses time and evaluates Jerry’s actions Do “Do” can be used as an action verb that stands alone in all its tenses, including to do, do, does, done, did and didn’t,doesn’t or did not When used as an auxiliary verb, is always paired up with another verb to create a complete verb phrase In some cases, it is used to add emphasis: “I did put the garbage out!” Do is often used to form questions and negated clauses It is also used in elliptical sentences, where the main verb is understood and is omitted as a result For example: “He plays piano well,doesn’t he?” or “They all had dinner, but I didn’t.”  Because he spills things so often, Jerry does more laundry than most people  Does = action verb  Jerry didn’t put his coffee in a cup with a lid  Didn’t = auxiliary verb  Jerry doesn’t always spill things, but it happens a lot  Doesn’t = auxiliary verb Be “Be” or “to be” is an important verb that has a multitude of uses in English It can be used as an action verb that stands alone in all its tenses including be, to be, been, am, are, is, was, were, wasn’t, was not aren’t, are not, weren’t and were not When used as an auxiliary verb, be is always paired with another verb to create a complete verb phrase It can be singular or plural, present or past Negative sentences are formed by adding the word “not”  Jerry is messy  Is = action verb  Although he is always complaining about his accidents, Jerry fails to pay attention  is = auxiliary verb  Jerry is going to be doing extra laundry for the rest of his life  to be = auxiliary verb Modal Auxiliary Verbs In addition to the three main auxiliary verbs, have, do, and be, there are additional auxiliary verbs These are called modal auxiliary verbs, and they never change form A complete list of modal auxiliary verbs follows:  Might  Should  Can  Must  Will  Could  Ought to  Would  May  Shall Auxiliary Verb Examples Here are some examples of auxiliary verbs and verb phrases In the examples below, the verb phrase is italicized and the auxiliary verb is in bold Jessica is taking John to the airport If he doesn’t arrive on time, he’ll have to take a later flight Unfortunately, our dinner has been eaten by the dog I have purchased a new pair of shoes to replace the ones that were lost in my luggage We hope you don’t have an accident on your way to school She was baking a pie for dessert Dad has been working hard all day The bed was made as soon as I got up Sarah doesn’t ski or roller skate 10 Did Matthew bring coffee? Auxiliary Verb Exercises Fill in the blank with the correct auxiliary verb from the choices presented: What the kids doing when you last saw them? (was, were, are, did, been) Carla always wanted to try skydiving (was, doesn’t, has, is, have) Where you go on your summer vacation? (were, been, are, did, does) Why you think she call you like she said she would? (didn’t, is, hasn’t, has been, have) Mary _ going to be upset when she hears what happened (will, don’t, is, didn’t, has) Jeremy _ want to go to the movies; he wants to stay home instead (doesn’t, isn’t, wasn’t, hasn’t, was not) I _ appreciate his jokes They weren’t funny (did, have, been, didn’t, haven’t) I really like fish but I _ care for meat (weren’t, been, don’t, is, was) Where _ you going when I saw you last night? (were, was, is, do, did) 10 Tara called yet; she’s late as usual (are, were, has, hasn’t, wouldn’t) Answers: – were, – has, – did, – didn’t, – is, –doesn’t, – didn’t, – don’t, – were, 10 – hasn’t Stative Verbs What are Stative Verbs? Stative verbs are verbs that express a state rather than an action They usually relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being and measurements These verbs are not usually used with ing in progressive (continuous) tenses even though they may take on time expressions such as now and at the moment We use the simple tenses for them Paul feels rotten today He has a bad cold Do you recognize him? He is a famous rock star Our client appreciated all the work we did for him  Incorrect: I’m smelling your wife’s wonderful spaghetti sauce  Correct: I smell your wife’s wonderful spaghetti sauce However, there are some verbs that look like they should be stative, but may appear in the ing form These verbs differ in meaning to the stative verbs Stative Verb Examples: see I see Michael, but he can’t see me I’m too far away (I see him with my eyes.) James is seeing Marsha They’ve been together for a month (He’s dating her.) hear I hear music coming from the Smith’s apartment Someone must be home now (To experience sound) I’m hearing voices (I’m imagining it) have Jeremy has a Mercedes (He owns it.) Sara is having lunch with her editor (She’s eating lunch) List of Stative Verbs  adore  dislike  love  seem  agree  doubt  matter  smell  appear (seem)  equal  mean  sound  appreciate  feel  measure  suppose  be (exist)  hate  mind  surprise  believe  have  need  taste  belong to (possession)  owe  think (opinion)  concern  hear  own  understand  consist of  imagine  possess  want  contain  include  promise  weigh  cost  involve  realize  wish  deny  know  recognize  depend on  lack  remember  deserve  like  resemble  detest  loathe  satisfy  disagree  look (seem)  see Stative Verb Exercises Complete each sentence using the stative verb from the parenthesis: Do you _ the answer? (depend on, know, include) Jim _ dessert every day (has, eats, possesses) I _ good about the race’s outcome (am, were, feel) She _ her mother (imagines, resembles, walks with) Do you _ they will win? (think, involve, promise) They really _ everything you did for them (include, appreciate, dislike) I think the teacher was _ with my speech (involved, measured, satisfied) Can you _ the coffee brewing? (feel, smell, dislike) I still _ a lot of money on my student loans (deserve, owe, involve) 10 You _ more shoes than anyone else I know! (dislike, suppose, have) Answers: – know, – has, – feel, – resembles, –think, – appreciate, – satisfied, – smell, – owe, 10 –have Modal Verbs Modal and Modal Phrases (Semi-Modals) A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express: ability, possibility, permission or obligation Modal phrases (or semi-modals) are used to express the same things as modals, but are a combination of auxiliary verbs and the preposition to The modals and semi-modals in English are: Can/could/be able to May/might Shall/should Must/have to Will/would Can, Could, Be Able To Can, could and be able to are used to express a variety of ideas in English: Ability/Lack of Ability Present and Future: can/can’t + base form of the verb Tom can write poetry very well I can help you with that next week Lisa can’t speak French am / is / are / will be + able to + base form of the verb am not/ isn’t / aren’t/ won’t be + able to + base form of the verb Mike is able to solve complicated math equations The support team will be able to help you in about ten minutes I won’t be able to visit you next summer Past: could / couldn’t + base form of the verb When I was a child I could climb trees was / were + able to + base form of the verb wasn’t / weren’t + able to + base form of the verb hasn’t / haven’t + been able to + base form of the verb I wasn’t able to visit her in the hospital He hasn’t been able to get in touch with the client yet Note: Can and could not take an infinitive (to verb) and not take the future auxiliary will  Incorrect: I can to help you this afternoon  Correct: I can help you this afternoon  Correct: I will (I’ll) be able to help you this afternoon Possibility / Impossibility can / can’t + base form of the verb You can catch that train at 10:43 He can’t see you right now He’s in surgery could + base form of the verb I could fly via Amsterdam if I leave the day before Ask Permission / Give Permission Can + Subject + base form of the verb (informal) Can you lend me ten dollars? Can + base form of the verb (informal) You can borrow my car Could + subject + base form of the verb (polite) Could I have your number? Could I talk to your supervisor please? Make a suggestion – To make a suggestion use: Could + base form of the verb (informal) You could take the tour of the castle tomorrow Exercises: Can, Could, Be able to Fill in the correct form of can, could or be able to as in the examples Ben could not help his little brother with his homework yesterday Can I call you later tonight? _ Tony run long distances when he was a boy? you please call a tow truck for me? My car broke down (polite) The students _ to buy their textbooks today The bookstore is all out of them you teach me how to fix my computer? You’re so good at it you reach the customer if you call him at 4:00 his time? Answers: Could Could aren’t able Can Will/be able to May, Might Formal Permission / Formal Prohibition may / may not + base form of the verb You may start your exam now You may not wear sandals to work Polite Request May + subject + base form of the verb May I help you? Possibility / Negative Possibility may/ might + base form of the verb We may go out dinner tonight Do you want to join us? Our company might get the order if the client agrees to the price may not / might not + base form of the verb Adam and Sue may not buy that house It’s very expensive They might not buy a house at all To Make a Suggestion (when there is no better alternative) may as well / might as well + base form of the verb You may as well come inside John will be home soon We might as well take Friday off There’s no work to be done anyway Polite Suggestion might + base form of the verb You might like to try the salmon fillet It’s our special today Exercises: May / Might Fill in the correct form of may or might as in the example May I sit here? They finish the project on time The main engineer is ill You _ want to stop by the museum gift shop on your way out _ I have your autograph? He _ visit the Louvre He’s in Paris anyway You park your car here It’s reserved for guests of the hotel only Answers: might not might May may as well may not Shall, Should, Ought to To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are quite sure of a positive answer) Shall + subject + base form of the verb Shall we go for a walk? Note: Shall is only used with I or we It is used instead of will only in formal English To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are not sure of a positive answer) Should + subject + base form of the verb Should I call a doctor? A Prediction or Expectation that Something Will Happen should/shouldn’t + base form of the verb The proposal should be finished on time I shouldn’t be late The train usually arrives on time To Give Advice should / ought to + base form of the verb You should check that document before you send it out 2 You ought to have your car serviced before the winter To Give Advice (about something you think wrong or unacceptable) shouldn’t + base form of the verb James shouldn’t teach him words like those Exercises: Should, Shouldn’t, Ought To Fill in should, shouldn’t or ought in the following sentences as in the example He shouldn’t encourage such bad behavior You _ get your teeth cleaned at least once a year The house be ready to move into by next month It’s almost finished Ron to improve his attitude If he doesn’t, he might get fired I get your jacket? It’s cold in here You put your feet on the table It’s not polite Answers: should should ought shall shouldn’t Must, Have to, Need to, Don’t have to, Needn’t Necessity or Requirement Present and Future: must / have to / need to + base form of the verb You must have a passport to cross the border Elisabeth has to apply for her visa by March 10th I need to drop by his room to pick up a book Past: had to / needed to + base form of the verb I had to work late last night I needed to drink a few cups of coffee in order to stay awake Note: have to and need to are often used in the same context, but many times, need to is used to express something that is less urgent, something in which you have a choice Almost 100% Certain must + base form of the verb Thomas has lived in Paris for years His Frenchmust be very good To Persuade must / have to + base form of the verb You must try this wine It’s excellent You have to visit us while you’re in town Prohibited or Forbidden must not / mustn’t + base form of the verb You must not drive over the speed limit You mustn’t leave medicines where children can get to them Lack of Necessity don’t /doesn’t /didn’t + have to + base form of the verb You don’t have to park the car The hotel valet will it for you Tim doesn’t have to go to school today It’s a holiday You didn’t have to shout Everyone could hear you needn’t + base form of the verb You needn’t worry about me I’ll be fine Exercises: Must, Have to, Need to, Don’t Have to, Needn’t Fill in the blanks with one of these modals: must, must not, have to, has to, don’t have to, doesn’t have to, needn’t as in the examples There may be more than one correct answer Shira doesn’t have to drive to the airport She’s going by taxi You must speak politely to the customers 1 You tell Anna about the party tomorrow night It’s a surprise! (must not, need to, doesn’t have to) Tina _ register for her classes on Monday, otherwise she won’t get a place in them (doesn’t have to, mustn’t, has to) You send that fax I’ve already sent it (must, will have to, don’t have to) A dog get special training in order to be a guide dog (must, need to, don’t have to) Jeremy _ get up early tomorrow His class was cancelled (mustn’t, doesn’t have to, don’t need to) Answers: must not don’t have to has to must doesn’t have to Modals: Will / Would will / won’t + base form of the verb John will pick you up at 7:00am Beth won’t be happy with the results of the exam Polite Request or Statement Will / Would + base form of the verb Will you please take the trash out? Would you mind if I sat here? I’d (I would) like to sign up for your workshop Habitual Past Action Would/Wouldn’t + base form of the verb When I was a child, I would spend hours playing with my train set Peter wouldn’t eat broccoli when he was a kid He loves it now Exercises: will, would Fill in the blanks with one of the following words: will, won’t, would, wouldn’t Will you please help me lift this box? I like to order the onion soup please The manager _ be pleased to hear that a customer slipped on the wet floor 3 _ it be okay if I slept here tonight? When Igor lived in Russia, he call his mother as often as he does now I can assure you sir, the order be shipped out tonight Answers: would won’t would wouldn’t will Exercises – All Modals Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the following modals: can, could, be able to, may, might, shall, should, must, have to, don’t have to, need to – You may have to make the modals negative according to the context of the sentence – There may be more than one possibility He has to take his car to be serviced The brakes are squeaking Would you please save me a seat at the dinner event If you are sick, you go to work You’ll infect everyone there Drivers _ stop at red lights You _ finish the proposal today You can finish it tomorrow She hear much better with her new hearing aids I order us a bottle of wine? Sam pick his daughter up from school She’s taking the bus home You _ smoke here It’s a smoke-free building You eat so many sweets They are bad for you _ you mind walking a little faster? We’re going to be late 10 I’m sorry I _ help you I don’t know how to it Answers: shouldn’t shall would must needn’t 10 can’t don’t have to mustn’t can shouldn’t Phrasal Verbs What are Phrasal Verbs? A phrasal verb is a combination of words (a verb + apreposition or verb +adverb) that when used together, usually take on a different meaning to that of the original verb Phrasal Verb Examples break down, check in, tear up When we use phrasal verbs, we use them like normal verbs in a sentence, regardless if it’s a regular or irregular verb Ella tore up the letter after she read it Their car broke down two miles out of town Did the manager deal with that customer’s complaint More phrasal verb examples: Be sure to put on a life jacket before getting into the boat We left out the trash for pickup It’s time to get on the plane What will she think up next? I’m having some trouble working out the solution to this equation We’re going to have to put off our vacation until next year Stand up when speaking in class, please We’ll have to wake up early if we want breakfast Take off your shoes before you walk on the carpet 10 My dog likes to break out of his kennel to chase squirrels Phrasal Verb Exercises Choose the correct phrasal verb from the parenthesis at the end of the sentence Someone broke into my car last night and stole the stereo (broke down/broke into) Will you be able to get by this month with the little you have?(get off / get by) His father always taught him not to _ those people with less (look up to / look down on) Stop complaining and _ your work! (get on with / get over) The boss wants you to _ your figures for this month to him (hand out / hand in) We’re going to have to _ our trip to Spain until September (put up/ put off) I _ Amir today at the supermarket It was great to see him (ran out of / ran into) I’m so tired of Sophie _ her engagement ring all the time (showing off, showing up) The police would not _ to the kidnapper’s demands (give up/ give in) I thought I would _ for a cup of coffee Is that okay? (drop off/ drop in) Have you ever _ such an unusual piece of art? (come forward/come across) 10 It’s important to _ on time (show up / show off) 11 _ your feet when walking; you don’t want to trip! (uplift / lift up) 12 The tree was _ by the wind (blown up / blown over) 13 He _ his hat to show me his new haircut (took off / took up) 14 I just can’t seem to _ this book (get off / get into ) Answers: look down on showing off 11 lift up get on with give in 12 blown over hand in drop in 13 took off put off come across 14 get into ran into 10 show up Irregular Verbs What Are Irregular Verbs? Irregular verbs are verbs that don’t take on the regular –d, -ed, or -ied spelling patterns of the past simple (V2) or past participle (V3) Many of the irregular V2 and V3 forms are the same, such as: cut – cut, had – had, let – let, hurt – hurt, fed- fed, sold-sold Irregular Verb Examples Irregular verbs are also known as strong verbs Here are nine that are used more often than the rest These nine irregular verb examples also happen to be among the most commonly used words in the English language They are:  Go  See  Take  Get  Think  Come  Say  Make  Know The following examples show how irregular verbs are used in sentences Some sentences contain more than one example 1 Go get your brother It’s time to eat dinner → In this example, all three irregular verbs (go, get, and eat) are in base form I want to build a sand castle like the one webuilt last year → In this example, the irregular verb build is in base form The irregular verb built is the past simple form of “build” When you look at the complete list of examples, you’ll notice that built is also the past participle of the irregular verb “build” He bet me that I couldn’t run five miles without stopping I proved him wrong; I ran seven miles before I had to catch my breath → In this example, bet is a past simple form When you look at the complete list, you will see that all three forms of “bet” are the same Next, in the same sentence, the irregular verb run is in base form In the next sentence, ran is the past simple form of “run” and had is the past simple form of “have.” Meanwhile, catch is base form I awoke to find that a spider had bitten me Although the wound didn’t bleed, it itched terribly → In this example, the irregular verb awoke is the past simple form of “awake.” Bitten is past participle form of “bite” and bleed is base form Let’s drink some of this lemonade I dranksome yesterday and found it delicious → In this example, the irregular verb drink is in base form Drank is the past simple form of “drink,” and found is the past simple form of “find.” Irregular Verb Exercises Fill the blank spaces with the appropriate irregular verb My dog jumped out of the swimming pool and _ himself, causing water to spray everywhere (shake, shook, shaken) You should have Trish’s face when she got her surprise (saw, had seen, seen) We _ the whole day lounging on the beach (spend, spent, had spend) Let’s _ a hike on Saturday (take, took, taken) My brother Mike his stinky socks on the coffee table (leave, left, leaving) This is the ninth time that pitcher has _ a foul ball (throw, threw, thrown) The water balloon _ when it hit its target (burst, busted, broken) Jesse intentionally gum in Jeff’s hair (stick, stuck, sticky) Answers: – shook, – seen, – spent, – take, – left, – thrown, 7- burst, – stuck [...]... It’s reserved for guests of the hotel only Answers: 1 might not 2 might 3 May 4 may as well 5 may not Shall, Should, Ought to To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are quite sure of a positive answer) Shall + subject + base form of the verb 1 Shall we go for a walk? Note: Shall is only used with I or we It is used instead of will only in formal English To Offer of Assistance or Polite... September (put up/ put off) 5 I _ Amir today at the supermarket It was great to see him (ran out of / ran into) 6 I’m so tired of Sophie _ her engagement ring all the time (showing off, showing up) 7 The police would not _ to the kidnapper’s demands (give up/ give in) 8 I thought I would _ for a cup of coffee Is that okay? (drop off/ drop in) 9 Have you ever _ such an unusual piece of art? (come forward/come... show up Irregular Verbs What Are Irregular Verbs? Irregular verbs are verbs that don’t take on the regular –d, -ed, or -ied spelling patterns of the past simple (V2) or past participle (V3) Many of the irregular V2 and V3 forms are the same, such as: cut – cut, had – had, let – let, hurt – hurt, fed- fed, sold-sold Irregular Verb Examples Irregular verbs are also known as strong verbs Here are nine... don’t have to 7 mustn’t 4 can 8 shouldn’t Phrasal Verbs What are Phrasal Verbs? A phrasal verb is a combination of words (a verb + apreposition or verb +adverb) that when used together, usually take on a different meaning to that of the original verb Phrasal Verb Examples 1 break down, check in, tear up When we use phrasal verbs, we use them like normal verbs in a sentence, regardless if it’s a regular... / show off) 11 _ your feet when walking; you don’t want to trip! (uplift / lift up) 12 The tree was _ by the wind (blown up / blown over) 13 He _ his hat to show me his new haircut (took off / took up) 14 I just can’t seem to _ this book (get off / get into ) Answers: 1 look down on 6 showing off 11 lift up 2 get on with 7 give in 12 blown over 3 hand in 8 drop in 13 took off 4 put off 9 come... Polite Suggestion (When you are not sure of a positive answer) Should + subject + base form of the verb 1 Should I call a doctor? A Prediction or Expectation that Something Will Happen should/shouldn’t + base form of the verb 1 The proposal should be finished on time 2 I shouldn’t be late The train usually arrives on time To Give Advice should / ought to + base form of the verb 1 You should check that document... could and be able to are used to express a variety of ideas in English: Ability/Lack of Ability Present and Future: can/can’t + base form of the verb 1 Tom can write poetry very well 2 I can help you with that next week 3 Lisa can’t speak French am / is / are / will be + able to + base form of the verb am not/ isn’t / aren’t/ won’t be + able to + base form of the verb 1 Mike is able to solve complicated... to drink a few cups of coffee in order to stay awake Note: have to and need to are often used in the same context, but many times, need to is used to express something that is less urgent, something in which you have a choice Almost 100% Certain must + base form of the verb 1 Thomas has lived in Paris for years His Frenchmust be very good To Persuade must / have to + base form of the verb 1 You must... equations 2 The support team will be able to help you in about ten minutes 3 I won’t be able to visit you next summer Past: could / couldn’t + base form of the verb 1 When I was a child I could climb trees was / were + able to + base form of the verb wasn’t / weren’t + able to + base form of the verb hasn’t / haven’t + been able to + base form of the verb 1 I wasn’t able to visit her in the hospital... base form of the verb 1 You can catch that train at 10:43 2 He can’t see you right now He’s in surgery could + base form of the verb 1 I could fly via Amsterdam if I leave the day before Ask Permission / Give Permission Can + Subject + base form of the verb (informal) 1 Can you lend me ten dollars? Can + base form of the verb (informal) 1 You can borrow my car Could + subject + base form of the verb