ngữ pháp tiếng anh.doc

NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] Question 1: We stopped at a motel _ we wouldn‟t arrive in Chicago in the middle of the night A so that Answer: A so that B because C for fear that D in case *So that, in order that: Eg: Advice is given in order that / so that students can choose the best courses Thể phủ định so that biễu diễn thông qua: for fear (that), tiếng Anh người Anh dùng in case thể phủ định; lest liên từ trang trọng đề cập đến mục đích Eg: They left early for fear that they would meet him =They…so/in order that they wouldn‟t meet him Question 2: The more exercise you do, _ A so fitter you become C the fitter you become B you become fitter D fitter you become Answer: C the fitter you become *So sánh kép: càng…càng 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒂𝒅𝒋/ 𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝒆𝒓 𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 + 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗 S+V+ 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝒂𝒏𝒅 + 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗 The+ 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒂𝒅𝒋/ 𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝒆𝒓 + 𝑺 + 𝑽, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 + 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒂𝒅𝒋/ 𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝒆𝒓 + 𝑺 + 𝑽 𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 + 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝑺 + 𝑽, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 + 𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 + 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗 + 𝑺 + 𝑽 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 + 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒅𝒋/𝒂𝒅𝒗 Eg: The plant grew taller and taller The roads are getting more and more crowded The further you travel, the more you pay The older you get, the more difficult it becomes to find a job NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] Question 3: factories continue to comply with the law, improved air quality will not diminish A As soon as Answer: C As long as B As far as C As long as D As little as *As/so long as= Provided/ providing (that): miễn Eg: You can renew a book in writing as long as/so long as you give its number I don't mind you using my bike provided (that) you take care of it We are willing to accept your offer providing (that) payment is made within Question 4: So _ become, that all mountain roads were closed A dangerous did weather conditions C dangerous weather conditions did B dangerous conditions did weather D dangerous weather did conditions Answer: A dangerous did weather conditions *Đảo ngữ với so…that: quá… mà So+ adjective/ adverbs+ aux+ S+ V (bare-inf) + that+ clause So+ adjective+ be+ (noun) + that+ clause Eg: So dangerous did weather conditions become, that all mountain roads were closed So intelligent is that she can answer all the questions in the interview Question 5: The lawyer insisted that his client never have been arrested in the first place A should Answer: A should B must C ought to D would *Bàng thái cách: (should+ V-bare/ V- bare) Formal subjunctives: ((should)+V-bare infinitive) dùng sau động từ: accept, admit, advise, agree, announce, assure, beg, claim, command, comment, complain, conclude, confess, confirm, demand, deny, explain, inform, insist, mention, object, order, persuade, promise, recommend, remark, reply, request, respond, rumor, state, suggest, threaten, urge, warm, propose, ask, move (trong họp mang ý nghĩa đề nghị), require,… Eg: He suggested that you (should) go to the shrine to pray for something NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] Question 6: Let's hope the volcanic eruption _ before we arrive on the island A will have been finished C is going to finish B will finish D will have finished Answer: D will have finished * Thì tương lai hoàn thành (Future Perfect Tense) a) Form: S+ will/ shall+ have+ P.P+ O/A b) Cách dùng: *Diễn tả hoạt động xảy trước thời điểm hành động tương lai Eg: I will have finished my homework by the time I go out on a date tonight + Sau by the time / before ta dùng đơn hoàn thành mệnh đề thời gian + Với tương lai hoàn thành already có hai vị trí đứng sau đúng: Eg: I will have already finished/will already finished my homework Question7: We _ the film, but then we forgot about it A are going to watch C were going to watch B went to watch D would watch Answer: C were going to watch *Was/were going to: Chúng ta dùng was/were going to diễn tả kế hoạch hay dự định trù tính trước khứ sau không thực lí Eg: Mr Dudley was going to retire, but then he found another job The bus pulled away just as I was going to get on it I was going to means that I intended to  Dùng would hình thức khứ will Eg: They set off at daybreak They would reach the camp before night fall Question 8: There were _ accidents during the holiday weekend that the government is bringing in tough new driving laws A so much B many C such D so many NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] Answer: D so many *So …that: mà So+many/a lots of…+noun (đếm được)+that + clause So+ much/a little…+noun (không đếm được)+that+ clause Eg: There was so much steam (that) we couldn't see a thing Question 9: Since I here, I my neighbors A lived- have seen B lived- didn‟t see C have lived-don‟t see D lived-haven‟t seen Answer: D lived-haven‟t seen *Since hoàn thành: 𝐕 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐡ô𝐧𝐠 𝐝ụ𝐧𝐠 𝐕 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 í𝐭 𝐬ử 𝐝ụ𝐧𝐠 Eg: I haven‟t seen Mary since we graduated/ have graduated S+ V(present perfect)+ since+ S+ Question 10: The man if the ambulance _ so quickly A would have died/ hadn't arrived C would have died/didn‟t arrive B could have died/ had arrived D would die/ hadn‟t arrived Answer: A would have died/ hadn't arrived * Type conditionals: xảy khứ IF + S+HAD+ P.P+…, S+ WOULD/COULD+V(BARE) Eg: If you had taken a taxi, you would have got here in time If I'd phoned to renew the books, I wouldn't have had to pay a fine The man would have died if the ambulance hadn't arrived so quickly Question 11: They‟re early risers, so they‟re unlikely _ at this hour A that they are sleeping B having slept C to sleep D to be sleeping Answer: D to be sleeping *CẤU TRÚC: unlikely… NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] S+ BE+ UNLIKELY+ TO-V (PERSONAL) IT+ BE+ UNLIKELY+ THAT+ S+ V(IMPERSONAL) Question 12: a fire, hotel guests are asked to remain calm A As a result of B In the event of Answer: B In the event of C By reason of D In the time of *In case/ In the event that: trường hợp, (việc gì) xảy ra: dùng để diễn tả việc không xảy ra, có khả xảy Eg: I‟ll be at my uncle‟s house in case/ in the event that you need to reach me  In the even that trang trọng in case, ta dùng should mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhằm nhấn mạnh không chắn người nói điều xảy Eg: I‟ll give you my phone number in case/ in the event that you (should) need to get in touch with me  In case of/ In the event of+ noun/ noun phrase/ V-ing: thường dùng trường hợp khẩn cấp cấp cứu, hỏa hoạn,… Eg: In case of/ In the event of emergency, dial this number immediately Question 13: We could go and visit Sue, _that we have to drive past her house anyway A seeing B viewing C because D judging Answer: A seeing * Because, seeing that +clause: Eg: We must be near the beach, because I can hear the waves We could go and visit Sue, seeing that we have to drive past her house anyway  Thường đặt “because” đứng đầu câu để mở đầu cho mệnh đề lí Eg: Because everything looked different, I had no idea where to go  Seeing that dùng tiếng Anh không trang trọng, văn nói nhiều người sử dụng seeing as Eg: He just had to apologize, seeing that/as he knew he'd made a mistake Question 14: “What would you in my place?”- “Were _ treated like that, I‟d complain to the manager.” NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG A Were [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] B I to have been C I have been D I to be Answer: D I to be * Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: + + + + }+ S+ could/ would +V (bare) Eg: It would be embarrassing, were she to find out the truth Were I in your position, I wouldn‟t that Question 15:“ you were ill, we would haven‟t come.”-“Don‟t be silly! I always enjoy your company” A Were we to know B Should we have known C Had we known D Had we to know Answer: C Had we known * Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had+ S+ (not)+ P.P, S+ could/ would+ have+ P.P Eg: Had they not rushed Dan to hospital, he would have died Question 16: we not succeed, the consequences would be disastrous A If Answer: D Should B Even if C As if D Should Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: + + / , Should+ S+ (not) + V (bare-inf), + Eg: Should he appear, please tell him to wait for me Should anyone ring, could you take a message? Question 17:“It‟s time you in bed It‟s almost midnight, isn‟t it?”-“You‟re right.” A Are Answer: C were B have been C were D had been * It‟s (high/ about) time: đến lúc It‟s (high/ about) time+ 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒃𝒐𝒅𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒐 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒃𝒐𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒊𝒅 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈 NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] Eg: It‟s time we left It‟s high time something was done about this! It‟s about time for us to go to bed Question 18: If only I the bill, we wouldn‟t have been cut off A had paid Answer: A had paid B have paid C had been paid D paid * If only: giá như= wish: ước cách dùng wish a Present/ Future: chia động từ khứ sau If only Eg: If only I had a motorbike If only you weren‟t leaving If only I was going to on holiday with you next week If only he would change his mind and marry Jane b Past time: chia động từ khứ hoàn thành sau If only Eg: If only he hadn‟t bought this second-hand car Question 19: “Susan looks ready to cry”-“It looks as if Peter her birthday again.” A has forgotten C had forgotten B has been forgetting D had been forgetting Answer: A has forgotten * As if/ as though: thể, dường như: động từ theo sau tùy thuộc vào tình có thật hay thật mà chia cho phù hợp:  Có thật: You look as if you‟re having second thoughts.(true: you are having second thoughts)  Không có thật: Eg: He acts as if he were in charge.(unreal: He isn‟t in charge) I feel as though an express train had hit me (It didn‟t hit me) 19.1 “Why you are glaring at me?”-“You treat me as though I _ your slave.” A have been Answer: C were B was being C were D had been NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] Question 20: “You are looking tired.”-“I‟m exhausted I wish my neighbors _ loud music when I‟m trying to sleep.” A haven‟t played B won‟t play Answer: C wouldn‟t play C wouldn‟t play D hadn‟t played * Wish: ước a Present/ Future: chia động từ khứ sau wish (không xảy or tương lai) Eg: I wish I had a motorbike I wish you weren‟t leaving I wish I was going to on holiday with you next week I wish he would change his mind and marry Jane b Past time: chia động từ khứ hoàn thành sau wish Eg: He wishes he hadn‟t bought this second-hand car c Hope: ước muốn việc có khả xảy tương lai, chia tương lai sau hope Eg: I hope it doesn‟t rain tomorrow I hope you („ll) have a lovely time in Portugal on your holiday next week Question 21: “Do you mind if I _ Mary about your trip?” –“Well, I‟d rather you _ anyone else about it.” A tell/ didn‟t tell C not tell/ not to tell B told/wouldn‟t tell D didn‟t tell/ haven‟t told Answer: A tell/ didn‟t tell *Do you mind if I …?/ would(„d) rather I…: có làm phiền …không?/thích NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] a.I‟d rather: dùng câu điều kiện +Giả định tại: Eg: I would rather you call me tomorrow +Giả định không thực hiên tại: Eg: I‟d rather you didn‟t smoke in here +Giả định không thực hiên khứ: Eg: Jim would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday Hoặc dùng sau: Eg: I‟d rather be a sailor than a solider (present) I‟d rather have live in Ancient Greece than Ancient Rome (past) b Do you mind if+ S+ V (present)+…? Would you mind if+ S+ V (past)+…? Eg: Would you mind if I closed the window? Do you mind if I smoke in this room? Question 22: Sally would prefer to pursue her studies _ to look for a job A rather than starting C rather than start B to starting D than to start Answer: C rather than start *Cấu trúc: would prefer… rather than…: thích làm làm… would prefer to something rather than something Question 23: Suppose the stock market _ how much money would we have lost? A crash B had crashed Answer: B had crashed C has crashed * Imagine, Suppose/ supposing= what…if: …thì D would crash NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] *Đảo ngữ với no longer Question123: So little _ about Mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me A I have known B I knew Answer: D did I know C I know D did I know * Đảo ngữ với trạng từ phủ định: never (before), rarely, seldom, barely/ hardly/ scarcely, little Eg: Seldom we have goods returned to us because they are faulty Little they know how lucky they are to live in such a wonderful house Hardly does she go to sleep before midnight because she must finish her work Rarely does Lan forget to her homework every day on time Never in her life had she experienced this exhilarating emotion Question124: The _ horse began to run as fast as he could A frightening Answer: D frightened B frighten C frightful D frightened * Phân từ có chức tính từ: - Hiện phân từ: thường dùng miêu tả vật, mang ý chủ động (V-ing) - Quá khứ phân từ thường dùng miêu tả người, mang ý bị động(V-ed/V3) Question125: Can you keep calm for a moment? You _ noise in class A are always made C have always made B always make D are always making Answer: D are always making * Ta dùng tiếp diễn câu cho dù câu xuất từ: always, constantly, forever diễn tả môt thói quen xấu gây phiền hà cho người khác (không dùng đơn) Eg: He‟s always picking up Mary‟s dirty socks! They're constantly having parties until the early hours of the morning So sánh khác biệt dùng tiếp diễn với đơn: Our teacher always gives us a test (=every lesson) Our teacher is always giving us tests (=very often) NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] Question126: “The inflation rate in Greece is five _ my country.” A as high as that in C as many as that in B as much as D more than Answer: A as high as that in *So sánh bội (xem lại) *So sánh hợp lí: that in??? Các từ dùng để so sánh phải tương đương với ngữ pháp (người với người, vật với vật) mục so sánh hợp lý là: - Sở hữu cách - that of (cho số ít) - those of (cho số nhiều) Eg: John's car runs better than Mary's (Mary's = Mary's car) The climate in Florida is as mild as that of California.(that of+ that climate of) Classes in the university are more difficult than those in the college (those in = the classes in) The basketball games at the university are better than those of the high school (those of + the games of) Your accent is not as strong as my mother's (my mother's = my mother's accent) (Extract from website: https://www.hellochao.vn/ngu-phap-tieng-anh) Question127: The captain as well as all the passengers _ very frightened by the stange noise A have been B was C is D were Answer: B was * Chủ ngữ đứng tách rời động từ: xen vào ngữ giới từ cụm từ theo sau tạo thành tượng đồng chủ vị: “together with/ along with/ as well as/accompanied by, besides, in addition to, other than, with, like” Các ngữ không phụ thuộc đến việc chia động từ mà ta hoàn toàn chia theo chủ ngữ câu Eg: The advertisements on the front part of a newspaper are usually the most expensive Mary, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight Question128: A: There‟s something different about Tom today B: What you mean? A: He _ so polite today A is Answer: C is being B was * Cách dùng am/is/ are+being+adjective  be+ adj: dùng để diễn tả trạng thái C is being D has been NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] Eg: He is sick today  be+ being+adj: hành vi mang tính chất tạm thời , giả tiếp diễn Eg: John is being very quiet today I wonder if anything is wrong  be+ old: không dùng với dạng tiếp diễn tính từ sau không dùng với dạng trên: angry, beautiful, handsome, happy , healthy, hungry, lucky, nervous,sick, tall, thirsty, young Eg: Mr Smith is old Các tính từ dùng với dạng trên: bad(ill-behaved), good(well-behaved), loud, responsible, careful, cruel, fair, foolish, funny, generous, illogical, impolite, irresponsible, kind, lazy, logical, nice, noise, patient, pleasant, polite, quiet, rude, serious, silly, unfair, unkind, unpleasant,… Question129: We‟d better be careful with Lisa After your phone call, she _ awake half the night crying A has lied Answer: C lay B was laying C lay D laid *Lie-lay-lain (nằm nghỉ): nội dộng từ tân ngữ theo sau Lie-lied-lied: nói dối Lay-laid-laid (đặt, để): ngoại động từ có tân ngữ theo sau Question130: The new cook _ the soup at the moment A tastes B has tasted Answer: D is tasting C has been tasting D is tasting * Những động từ trạng thái thông thường không chia tiếp diễn chúng mang nghĩa động từ hành động ta chia tiếp diễn Các động từ trạng thái: ( TRẠNG THÁI TINH THẦN):know, believe, imagine*, want*, realiz(s)e, feel, doubt*, need, understand, suppose, remember*, desire, recognize, think*, forget*, mean* (TRẠNG THÁI CẢM XÚC): love, hate, mind, like, astonish, dislike, care, amaze, appreciate, fear, surprise, please, envy, prefer (SỰ SỞ HỮU):possess, have*, own, belong (CẢM QUAN): taste*, hear, see*, smell*, feel* NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] (CÁC TRẠNG THÁI KHÁC): seem, cost*,be*, consist of, look*, owe, exist, contain, appear*, weigh*, matter, include*, sound, equal, resemble, look like (* Có hai dạng tùy thuộc vào nghĩa văn cảnh mà sử dụng cho phù hợp) Eg: It tastes too salt The chef is in the kitchen He is tasting the sauce Question131: Either George or Robert _ to the meeting tonight A are coming Answer: B is coming B is coming C have come D comes * Dùng tiếp diễn nói tương lai: đề cập đến việc đặt trước dự tính chắn Eg: My wife has an appointment with a doctor She is seeing Dr North next Tuesday Question132: A: Your dad has made a terrible mess in the chicken B: Don‟t worry, mum I _ up immediately A am going to clear Answer: C will clear B clear C will clear D am clearing *Will: định đưa lúc nói Question133: A man _ me to work three times this week, so I _ him to the police A follows – am reporting C is following – reported B has followed – have reported D followed – report Answer: B has followed – have reported *Hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần khứ có khả lặp lại tương lai Eg: I have seen the film several times Question134: He can‟t remember any of the habits he when he was younger A had Answer: A had B has had C was having D had had *Hành động bắt đầu kết thúc thời điểm xác định khứ Question135: Prices _ sharply over the past six months NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG A has felt Answer: D has fallen [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] B falled C felt D has fallen *Thì HTHT+ in/ over/during/for+ the +past/last+ time: thời gian qua Question136: This is the first time I this film A has been watched B watched Answer: D has watched C was watching D has watched *Thì HTHT với cấu trúc: It's the first/ second/ time, so sánh Question137: A good deal of money spent on the comic books A have Answer: D has been B has C have been D has been *Bị động HTHT * Danh từ đo lường, thời gian, khoảng cách, tựa đề sách+ động tứ số Eg: About three meters separates the runners in first and second places The fifty pounds he gave me was soon spent Five minutes is not enough for me to it Question138: Either you or headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting A is handing out B are to hand out Answer: D is to hand out C are handing out D is to hand out *Be to V: Dùng lối nói văn trang trọng để nói việc kiện tương lai lên kế hoạch, xếp cách thức Cấu trúc thường dùng tin Eg: The two leaders are to meet for talks on a number of issues * Danh từ nối với bằng: or, either …or, neither… nor, not…but, not only…but also ta chia theo chủ ngữ gần Eg: Either the station or the cinema is a good place to meet Neither the President nor his representatives are to attend the meeting Not Tom but his parents live here Not only Mary but also Tom likes going out for our dinner with our friends Mary or her manager is going to answer the press interview NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] Either your eyesight or your brakes→ at fault (người ngữ sử dụng) (Van Shaik, 1976) Either the professor or her assitants→ explain every lesson (người ngữ sử dụng) (Farhady, 1977) Neither the students nor the teacher → that textbook (người ngữ sử dụng) Neither of them → (Van Shaik, 1976) ready for marriage Neither of them → (Van Shaik, 1976) enough money to afford a car (người ngữ sử dụng) (Farhady, 1977) Question139: More than 90% the watches on sale _ ourselves A are made of B are made up Answer: D are made by C is made by D are made by * Sau phần trăm dùng động từ số ít, dùng of+plural noun+ plural verb Eg: An inflation rate of only per cent makes a big difference to exports I would say that about 50 per cent of the houses need major repairs Question140: How many people had been killed in the operation _ kept A is Answer: C was B are C was D were *Sau mệnh đề danh từ chia động từ số (xem lại phần mệnh đề danh từ) Question141: Now he a book about English I don‟t think he will finish it A writes B has written Answer: D is writing C wrote D is writing *Diễn tả hành động diễn lúc nói (đi với now, right now, just now) Eg: I am doing my homework now Question142: He found his book this morning, but now he _ his pen NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] A loses B lost Answer: C has lost C has lost D had lost *Hành động xảy khứ không xác định rõ thời gian cụ thể lúc hành động diễn Eg: He has lost a new pencil Question143: Janet some washing this time yesterday A is doing B had done Answer: C was doing C was doing D were making *Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm khứ Eg: What was he doing at o‟clock yesterday morning? Question144: Each of the dresses and coats _ selling at half price A are Answer: B is B is C have been D is being * Each, one, every Each/ Every+singular noun+ singular verb Each/ One of+ plural noun+ plural verb Every one of+ plural noun+ singular verb More than one+ singular count noun+ singular verb Eg: Each of students has/have to homework before going to class Every article in this newspaper is very interesting Each student has a textbook Every one of these athletes runs/run the mile in four minutes More than one person has known the news He is one of the best students that → ever come to this school Question145: Measles now fought by injecting exposed children with gamma globulin NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG A was Answer: D is [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] B were C are being D is *Một số danh từ mang nghĩa số hình thứ số nhiều+ động từ số ít:môn học: mathematics, physics, politics, economics, statistics(môn thống kê), linguistics(ngôn ngữ học), genetics(di truyền học); bệnh: measles(bệnh sởi), mumps(quai bị), rickets (còi xương), AIDS, diabetes(bệnh đái đường); môn thể thao: athletics, gymnastics, billiards, darts(trò chơi ném phi tiêu), dominoes; địa danh: Wales, the Philippines, the United States; từ khác: news,… Eg: The news from the Middle East seems very encouraging Question146: The number of students enrolled for the summer courses widely over the past years A have varied Answer: C has varied B had varied C has varied D varied *A number of/ The number of A number of+ plural verb+ singular verb The number of+ plural noun+ plural verb Eg: A number of refugees have been turned back at the border The number of books in the library has risen to over five million Question147: All of the courses recommended for college preparatory work by the state university A is recognized B was recognized C recognizes Answer: D are recognized D are recognized *All of Eg: MASS: All (of) (the) water is polluted PLURAL: All (of) (the) students have arrived COLLECTIVE: All of my family → All my family → present present (không có of thường dùng văn viết) NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] Question148: Getting to know students from all over the world one of the best part my jobs A are Answer: B is B is C have been D has been *V-ing + V số Question149: Half of the students in the class _ from Arabic-speaking countries A be Answer: D are B are C is being D are * Sau từ như: some, part, most, almost, the rest, the remainder, plenty, half, a lot/ lots, …+ of, phân số kết với động từ số hay nhiều tùy thuộc vào danh từ theo sau số nhiều hay số Eg: Most of the house was destroyed Most of tomatoes are too ripe Only third of the students are qualified for the new course Three quarters of the earth‟s surface is water Question150: How many wars you suppose there _ in the history of the world since the dawn of civilization A has been Answer: B have been B have been C is D are *Since Thì hoàn thành *There+ be+ noun: chia be theo noun Eg: There are many books on my bookshelf There is a clock on the wall  Nếu theo sau hỗn hợp danh từ vừa có nhiều vữa có số ta chia động từ: Tradional rule: There are in the room Proximity rule: There in the room Question151: Do you have _ minutes? I‟d like to ask you questions I need _ more information NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] A a few/ a few/ a little C a few/ a few/ little B few/ a few/ a little D ∅/ a few/ a little Answer: A a few/ a few/ a little *Cách dùng (a) few/ (a) little +A few few+ danh từ đếm số nhiều A few mang ý khẳng định, few mang ý phủ định +A little little+ danh từ không đếm A little mang ý khẳng định, little mang ý phủ định Question152: Rita is careful about her weight, but she allows _ one piece of candy a day A myself Answer: C herself B themselves C herself D hers *Đại từ phản thân (Reflexive pronouns) +Thường làm tân ngữ cho động từ giới từ chủ ngữ tân ngữ câu Eg: I saw myself in the mirror I look at myself for a long time +Được dùng để nhấn mạnh, dùng sau chủ ngữ cuối câu Eg: Omar thinks Oscar is telling the truth So does Ricardo I myself don‟t believe Oscar‟s story for a minute! I faxed the report to him myself +By+ a reflexive pronouns= alone Eg: Anna lives by herself in that apartment Question153: I got three letters One was from my father one was from my sister _ letter was from my girlfriend A other/ another B another/ others Answer: C another/ the other *Các dạng Other: +another: một…khác C another/ the other D others/ other NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] +other/others: những…khác +the other(s): cái/ người lại Question154: I will be here for three years until I have finished my courses A other Answer: D another B more than C additional D another *Another dùng làm tính từ với cụm từ thời gian tiền bạc khoảng cách, có nghĩa “thêm…nữa” Eg: We need another five dollars./ We drove another ten miles Question155: If you encounter a growling dog, you _ show any signs of fear If a dog senses fear, it is more likely to attack a person A must Answer: B mustn‟t B mustn‟t C have to D don‟t have to *Modal verbs: have to vs must +must: ý bắt buộc, đưa mệnh lệnh phải làm gì, mang tính cá nhân người nói Eg: She‟s really beautifull You must meet her +have to: không mang tính cá nhân người nói mà luật lệ, quy định bắt buộc Eg: You have to wear your uniform when you go to school + mustn‟t: cấm đoán, không làm Eg: You mustn‟t tell anyone my secret Do you promise? + not have to: không thiết Eg: I can hear you You don‟t have to shout Question156: I _ afraid of flying My heart _ pounding every time I stepped on a plane But now I‟m _ and enjoy it A used to be/ would start/ get used to fly C used to be/ would start/ used to flying B used to be/would start/use for flying D would be/used to start/used to flying Answer: C used to be/ would start/ used to flying *Would vs used to: thói quen khứ NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] +would: dùng để diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại đặn khứ +used to:  diễn tả tình trang thường xuyên tồn khứ Eg: They used to live in the United States of America  Diễn tả thói quen khứ= would Eg: When I was a child, my father would read/used to read me a story at night Question157: Many U.S automobiles in Detroit, Michigan A manufacture B have manufactured C are manufactured D are manufacturing Answer: C are manufactured * Hình thức bị động HTĐ  Simple present: V1 / Vs (es) Am / is / are + P.P Eg: Large numbers of people are killed on the roads Question158: When I came, an experiment in the lab A was being holding B has been held C was being held D has held Answer: C was being held *Bị động khứ tiếp diễn: Past continuous: Was / were + V-ing  Was / were + being + P.P Question159: Julia said that she there at noon A is going to be B was going to be C will be D can be Answer: B was going to be *Câu tường thuật: Câu trần thuật (statement) S+ 𝐬𝐚𝐢𝐝 𝐭𝐨 + (that) +S +V (changed) 𝐭𝐨𝐥𝐝 + 𝐎 +… Eg: “I‟ll it today”He said he would it that day Question160: The teacher said Columbus America in 1492 NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG A discovered [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] B had discovered C was discovering D would discover Answer: A discovered *Động từ câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định: Eg: He said, “I was born in 1980”  He said that he was born in 1980  Chú ý: Một số trường hợp không đổi động từ câu gián tiếp: - Nếu động từ mệnh đề giới thiệu dùng đơn, tiếp diễn, hoàn thành tương lai đơn, động từ câu gián tiếp không thay đổi Eg: He says/ he is saying/ he has said/ he will say, “The text is difficult” He says/ is saying/ has said/ will say (that) the text is difficult - Khi câu nói trực tiếp thể chân lý hành động lặp lại thường xuyên, động từ câu gián tiếp không thay đổi Eg: My teacher said “The sun rises in the East”  My teacher said (that) the sun rises in the East He said, „My father always drinks coffee after dinner‟  He said (that) his father always drinks coffee after dinner - Nếu lúc tường thuật, điểm thời gian đưa lời nói gián tiếp chưa qua, động từ trạng từ thời gian giữ nguyên Eg: He said, “I will come to your house tomorrow”  He said (that) he will come to my house tomorrow - Câu trực tiếp có dạng câu điều kiện loại loại 3: Eg: He said; “If I knew her address, I would write to her”  He said that he would write to her if he knew her address Eg: She said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle.”  She said (that) if she had enough money, she would buy a new bicycle Eg: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn‟t have failed his exam.” NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE]  The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldn‟t have failed his exam Tuy nhiên lời nói trực tiếp câu điều loại chuyển sang loại lời nói gián tiếp Eg: The advertisement said; “If you answer the questions correctly, you may win one million dollar.”  The advertisement said that I might win one million dollar if I answered the questions correctly - Không thay đổi mệnh đề sau “It‟s (high/ about) time,…”-quá khứ giả định Eg: She said; “It‟s about time you went to bed; children”  She told her children that it‟s about time they went to bed He said; “I wish I had a lot of money”  He wishes (that) he had a lot of money - Không thay đổi mệnh đề sau „would rather, would sooner” Eg: She said; “I would rather you stayed at home”  She said that she would rather I stayed at hone - Không thay đổi của: Could, would, might, should, ought, had better, need câu nói gián tiếp Nhưng must -> had to/ must Eg: She said; “I could the homework  She said the she could the homework - Động từ câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định: Eg: He said, “I was born in 1980”  He said that he was born in 1980 - Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian câu phức có khứ đơn khứ tiếp diễn Eg: “I saw him when he was going to the cinema”  She said she saw him when she was going to the cinema Question 161: energy for growth or repair, a plant must carry out photosynthesis A To obtain Answer: A To obtain B.It obtains *To-infinitive dung để mục đích C It is obtaining D Obtaining NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] Question 162: “Will they have trouble finding your house?” – “ here before, they won‟t have a problem A Have they been B Having been Answer: B Having been C To have been D They‟ve been *Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ thể chủ động: Having been = Because they have been Question163: The restaurant has excellent food, so it‟s no wonder so crowed A why is it always Answer: D it‟s always B is it always C whether it‟s D it‟s always *It‟s no wonder (that)+ S+V= It‟s no surprising : đáng ngạc nhiên Question 164: It was the way he asked really upset me A so Answer: B that B that C therefore D and +It was …that/ who…; câu chẻ dùng để nhấn mạnh Question 165: “I hope they haven‟t forgotten.”–“I know They here an hour ago” A ought to be B must have been Answer: C were to have been C were to have been D would have been + were to have been = should have +P.P = were supposed to have +P.P [...]... manage *Mệnh đề danh ngữ (Noun clause):Mệnh đề mở đầu bằng that I think that he is a good Mệnh đề danh ngữ đóng actor vai trò tân ngữ nên We know (that) the world is “that” không có nghĩa round thường bị lượt bỏ đi That she doesn‟t understand “That she doesn‟t She doesn‟t understand spoken E is obvious understand spoken” đóng spoken English It is obvious (that) she doesn‟t vai trò của chủ ngữ nên The world... NOUN CLAUSE I don‟t know who live there PHÂN TÍCH Trật tự từ trong câu hỏi và mệnh danh từ giống nhau do who là chủ ngữ của hai câu NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] I don‟t know who she is She là chủ ngữ trong câu hỏi nên được đặt trước động từ to be What she said là chủ ngữ của câu What did she say? What she said surprised me (chia động từ theo sau số ít nếu ở thì hiện tại) Question 65:“I... However/Nevertheless, only six people lost their lives Các từ này mang sắc thái trang trọng hơn so với though/although, chúng có thể đứng đầu câu hoặc cuối câu, đôi khi lại đứng giữa câu hoặc sau chủ ngữ  However theo sau là tính từ hay trạng từ cũng có nghĩa là “although” Eg: We just don't have the money to do the work, however necessary you think it is Question 36: Let‟s face it! We can‟t get the... though Answer: B Only if * Only if diễn tả ý chỉ có một điều kiện duy nhất để dẫn đến kết quả cụ thể Eg: I'll stay at home only if it rains -Nhưng khi only if đứng đầu câu thì ta phải dùng hình thức đảo ngữ Eg: Only if it rains will the picnic be canceled (không dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách hai mệnh đề) NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE] Question 39: We will get their order another company quotes... seeing that we have to drive past her house anyway Question 44: You must always have a good breakfast every morning _ late you are A however B no matter C even if D whatever Answer: A however * Đảo ngữ với however 𝑵𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒉𝒐𝒘 } + adjective+ S+ V, clause 𝑯𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒓 Eg: However poor he is, he still lives happily Question 45: all the problems she encountered, she managed to finish her homework on... enjoyed ) Question 48: had the plane taken off it began to develop engine trouble A More-than B Hardly-when C Both-and D Not only- also Answer: B Hardly-when * No sooner…than= Hardly …when: đảo ngữ No sooner+ had +S +P.P+ than +S+V(past simple) Barely/Scarely / Hardly +had+ S+ P.P +when+ S+ V(past simple) Eg: No sooner had Martin sat down than the phone rang NHÓM VÌ CỘNG ĐÒNG [TYPE THE DOCUMENT... TITLE] Hardly had I started work when I felt a pain in my back Question 49: is this tradition observed as keenly as it is in this town A Only if Answer: D Nowhere B Only when C Whenever D Nowhere * Đảo ngữ với Nowhere Nowhere+ aux +S+ V (bare infinitive) Eg: Nowhere in Vietnam is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country Question 50: If you are unable to speak a foreign language almost your... every bike marked with the new reflective paint Just think how many lives it may save A will have been C has been B was D will be Answer: C has been * Không chia thì tương lai đơn trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian S+ V(present tense/ future tense)+ Conjunction+ S+ V(present tense) S+ V(past tense)+ Conjunction+ S+ V(past tense) Eg: I'll come and see you as soon as I've finished work NHÓM VÌ CỘNG... understand spoken” đóng spoken English It is obvious (that) she doesn‟t vai trò của chủ ngữ nên The world is round understand spoken E không bỏ, thông dụng hơn That the world is round is a “it” dùng làm chủ ngữ thì fact đặt mệnh đề danh từ cuối It is a fact that the world is câu round Question 58: I realize you _ to the meeting today, but I‟m glad you did Your input was invaluable He is a good actor The... that your car?”-“Yes, it needs , doesn‟t it?” A washing Answer: A washing B to wash C to washingD wash * Bị động với các cấu trúc câu: Need, want, desire: Need/ want/ desire+ to be P.P/ V_ing (chủ ngữ của want và desire phải là vật) Eg: The house needs to be repaired/ repairing The cupboard wants tidying out Question 64: If tutoring is I‟m sure Sarah would be glad to help you A What you need