16 các cấu TRÚC câu QUAN TRỌNG

USEFUL STRUCTURES CÁC CẤU TRÚC CÂU QUAN TRỌNG I.Grammar (Ngữ pháp): It’s/ was + S + that + Predicate : Chính mà eg Smoking causes lung cancer – It’s smoking that causes lung cancer My sister gave me a computer on my birthday.- It was my sister that gave gave me a computer on my birthday 2.It’s + Adj + (for somebody) + to V = To V + be + Adj = V-ing + be + Adj eg.It’s difficult for me to learn Russian = To learn Russian is difficult = Learning Russian is difficult It’s not easy to speak English perfectly = To speak English perfectly is not easy It’s/ was possible/ impossible (for somebody) to V = S + be + possible/ impossible + to V eg It’s impossible for us to finish the long test on time = We’re impossible to finish the long test on time 4 It takes/ took/ will take + Smb + time + to V = S + spend/ spent/ will spend + time + Ving eg It takes me 30 minutes to cook dinner = I spend 30 minutes cooking dinner S + be + said/ thought/ believed/ known .+ that + clause = S + be + said/ thought/ believed/ known to V/ to have + Vpp eg It’s said that the earth is round = The earth is said to be round It’s likely that + clause (will): eg It’s likely that man will conque nature S + used to + V (đó …) thói quen khứ eg I used to cry when I was a child Tôi khóc nhỏ - Khác với: + S + use smt + to V Sử dụng để làm eg I use a dictionary to look up the meaning of words + S + be/ get used to + Ving (quen với …) = Be accustomed to Had better + (not) + to V : nên, không nên làm eg You had better get up early and morning exercises He’d better not smoke cigarettes Would rather + smt than + smt: Thích làm việc việc = Prefer doing smt to doing smt/( prefer N to N) eg I’d rather stay at home than go out = I prefer staying at home to going out I prefer films to books 10 Phrases and clauses of purpose (Cụm từ mệnh đề mục đích) a Phrases of purpose (Cụm từ mục đích): - Nếu muốn diễn tả mục đích khẳng định ta dùng: * to infinitive * in order to/ so as to + V ( để mà) eg They try to study to pass their next exam They try to study in order to pass their exam - Nếu muốn diễn tả mục đích phủ định ta dùng: so as not to, in order not to eg They study hard so as not to fail the exam I got up early in order not to miss the train b Clauses of purpose (Mệnh đề mục đích): S + V + so that/ in order that + S + will/ would + V (MĐ chính) can/ could may/ might ( MĐ trạng ngữ mục đích) eg I try to study so that I can pass the exam I try to learn English in order that I can find a good job Note: Nếu chủ ngữ MĐ MĐ mục đích khác ta không dùng Phrases of purpose c Adverb clause of reason (Mệnh đề lí do): BECAUSE + Clause - I couldn’t come to class yesterday because I was ill - Because the weather was bad, the flight was put off BECAUSE OF + Phrase (or) because of (preposition) - I couldn’t come to class yesterday because of his illness - Because of the bad weather, the flight was put off 11 Phrases and clauses of result (Cụm từ mệnh đề kết quả): a Phrases of result: * TOO :( không thể) S + be/get/ look/ seem/ become + too + Adj +(for O)+ to infi S + V ( thường) + too + Adv +(for O)+ to infi eg This coffee is too hot for me to drink He runs too slowly to catch the bus * ENOUGH :( đủ .để có thể) S + be + Adj + enough ( for O) + to infi S + V ( thường) + Adv + enough ( for O) + to infi eg He’s intelligent enough to get good marks They speak slowly enough to understand b Clauses of result: * SO THAT:(quá đến nỗi) S + be/ look/ seem/ smell/ taste/ feel + so +Adj + that + S + V ( Main clause) ( Adverbial clause of result) S + V ( thường) + so + adv + that + S + V eg It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more - Nếu trước ‘SO’ có ‘ MANY, MUCH, FEW, LITTLE’ ta dùng cấu trúc: S + V + so +many/ few + plural count N + that + S + V eg There are so many people in the room that I feel tired S + V + so much/ little + uncount.N + that + S + V eg He spent so much money in his holiday that he runs out of money now * SUCH THAT: (quá đến nỗi) S + V + such a/ an + Adj + N + that + S + V eg It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home He is such an intelligent boy that we all admire him 12 It’s time/ It’s high time ( tới lúc mà việc nên làm ngay) a Followed by past tense with present meaning: It’s time + S + Ved ( be- were).- past subjunctive It’s high time eg It’s time we went home b Followed by to V: - It’s time + ( for + O) + to V = It’s high time + S + Ved eg It’s time for her to go to bed =It’s high time she went to bed 13 Clauses after Would rather:( mong muốn rằng) a Mong muốn tương lai: S + would rather ( that) + S ( not) + V bare infi eg I’d rather (that) you not call me tomorrow I’d rather (that) she be here tomorrow b Mong muốn ( trái với thực tế, thật) S + would rather (that) + S + V past subjunctive eg I’d rather the weather were fine today Nam’d rather (that) his girlfriend worked in the same office as he does c Mong muốn khứ : ( trái với thực tế, thật) S + would rather (that) + S + V past perfect subjunctive eg John would rather (that) Marry had gone to school yesterday