600 từ vựng TOEIC hữu ích

600 Essential Words For The TOEIC Test Lessons 1-5: General Business Lesson 1: Contract Abide by /əˈbaɪd baɪ/ = v., to conform to; comply with; adhere to: (formal) to accept and act according to a law, an agreement, etc Ex: You explicitly declare that you have the legal capacity and authorizations necessary to fully abide by the obligations described in this contract, and to subscribe to the Gandi Hosting service Ex: All students must strictly abide by the following rules and regulations Ex: Parliamentary elections’ procedures fail to abide by deadlines, causing delays Explicitly /ɪkˈsplɪsɪtli:/: adj., clearly or directly, so that the meaning is easy to understand Declare /dɪˈkleər/: v., to say something officially or publicly Parliamentary /ˌpɑːrləˈmentri:/: adj., connected with a parliament; having a parliament /ˈpɑːrləmənt/ Procedure /prəˈsiːdʒər/: n., the official or formal order or way of doing something, especially in business, law or politics – thủ tục Agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/ = n., An arrangement, a promise or a contract made with somebody; a mutual arrangement /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ Reach an agreement (with somebody)/ Reach an accord (with somebody) Ex: We will try one more time to reach an agreement with you Ex: This action would not be in accord with our policy /əˈkɔːrd/ Ex: We ensure that our goods accord with modern standards Ex: The two sides were no closer to a final agreement than they were at noon / ˈkloʊzər/ - One that closes Ex: All the terms of the agreement must be clear so that the meaning and intent won't be misinterpreted by either party Misinterpreted /ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/: adj., misinterpret something (as something/doing something) - to understand something/somebody wrongly Interpret /ɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/: v., interpret something - to explain the meaning of something Ex: When a company signs an agreement the following should be shown Word Family: Agree /əˈɡriː/: v., agree to (do) something - something to happen Ex: If both parties agree to the terms, we can finalize the contract Finalize something - to complete the last part of a plan, trip, project, etc Agreeable /əˈɡriːəbəl/: adj., agreeable (to something) - willing to something or allow something Ex: The parties are agreeable to the terms Assurance /əˈʃʊərəns/ = n., - a statement that something will certainly be true or will certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it; guarantee; promise; confidence - /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ Ex: Some organisations can provide an Assurance of Support Ex: Even if you receive assurance that answers are confidential, you should know who controls this information Confidential /ˌkɑːnfəˈdenʃəl/: adj., meant to be kept secret and not told to or shared with other people /ment/ Ex: In this context, firms may ask for an assurance service in order to give greater credibility to the filings Ex: Contracts often include the amount that a client will pay contractor and what services will be provided For example, in your office, you may have a contract that provides assurance that your copier machine or phone will be repaired within certain amount of time /kənˈtræktər/ Ex: Always Engineering fits/has guaranteed that not one of its employees will lose his or her job as a result of the merger - Những điều chỉnh công nghệ đảm bảo không nhân viên việc việc liên doanh liên kết – No + N; None of, Not one of Word Family: Assure /əˈʃʊər/: v., assure somebody (that)… - to tell somebody that something is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it; assure yourself of something - (formal) to make yourself certain about something Ex: She's perfectly safe, I can assure you Ex: Our union representative assured members that our rights would be defended Ex: He assured himself of her safety Ex: We were assured that everything possible was being done Ex: When you have a lease written by a lawyer, you are assured that you have the protection you need Assured /əˈʃʊərd/: adj., (also self-assured) confident in yourself and your abilities; certain to happen – guaranteed; assured of something - (of a person) certain to get something (BrE also: /əˈʃɔːd/) /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ Ex: He spoke in a calm, assured voice Ex: Success seemed assured Ex: You are assured of a warm welcome at this hotel Ex: You’ll be assured of the best care possible Ex: You can guarantee (that) the children will start being naughty as soon as they have to go to bed Ex: I can absolutely guarantee that you will enjoy the show Ex: When you have a lease written by a lawyer, you are assured that you have the protection you need Ex: You can rest assured that your children are in good hands Be guaranteed to something: v., to be certain to have a particular result Ex: If we try to keep it a secret, she's guaranteed to find out Ex: That kind of behaviour is guaranteed to make him angry Assuredly /əˈʃʊərədli:/: adv., certainly; definitely Ex: He spoke assuredly, but his follow-up memo showed less conviction Follow-up /ˈfɑːloʊ ʌp/: n., an action or a thing that continues something that has already started or comes after something similar that was done earlier Cancellation /ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən/ = n., a decision to stop something that has already been arranged from happening; a statement that something will not happen; annulment /əˈnʌlmənt/ Ex: As a way of reducing the number of last minute cancellations, the camp committee may require the payment of a guarantee fee to ensure commitment to the Youth Camp and Exchange Program Ex: We recognize that certain factors may cause changes or cancellations Ex: They speak with the company and its customer at a very early stage, enabling them to avoid sudden cancellations of cover Word Family: Cancel /ˈkænsəl/: v., cancel something - to decide that something that has been arranged will not now take place Compare: postpone NamE: /poʊˈspoʊn/, BrE: /pə ˈspəʊn/ Ex: The man canceled his magazine subscription and got his money back Canceled /ˈkænsəld/: adj., Ex: The canceled concert ended up costing our agency millions Determine /dɪˈtɜːrmɪn/ = v., to find out; to influence; to establish Ex: Try to determine beforehand which of these you will be expected to attend and what your role will be so you have time to prepare Ex: Without proof of purchase, the date of manufacture will be used to determine age Ex: Why is it difficult to determine the cash flow of a financial asset? Ex: A contract often states ways to determine if quality of work delivered is acceptable Ex: The skill of the union bargainers will determine whether the automotive plant will open next week /ˌɔːtəˈmoʊtɪv/ - [usually before noun] connected with vehicles that are driven by engines Tự động Word Family: Determination /dɪˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃən/: n., the quality that makes you continue trying to something even when this is difficult Ex: He fought the illness with courage and determination Determinate /dɪˈtɜːrmɪnət/: adj., fixed and definite Ex: A sentence with a determinate meaning Engage /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ = v., to become involved in, to participate Ex: Before engaging in a new business, it is important to thorough research Ex: He is currently engaged as a consultant Ex: We will have to engage the services of a translator Word Family: Engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/: n., arrangement to something; an arrangement to employ somebody; the process of employing somebody; before marriage /ˈmærɪdʒ/ Ex: I had to refuse because of a prior engagement Ex: The terms of engagement are to be agreed in writing Establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ = v., to start or create an organization, a system; to institute permanently; to bring about Ex: The merger of the two company established a powerful new corporation Ex: An error occurred during an attempt to establish a connection to the external data source Ex: Contracts are an integral part of the workplace The purpose of a contract is to establish an agreement between two or more parties Ex: His position in the organization is now firmly established Integral /ˈɪntɪɡrəl/, /ɪnˈteɡrəl/: adj., integral to something - being an essential part of something; [usually before noun] included as part of something, rather than supplied separately; having all the parts that are necessary for something to be complete Ex: Music is an integral part of the school's curriculum Ex: Practical experience is integral to the course Ex: All models have an integral CD player Ex: An integral system Curriculum /kəˈrɪkjələm/ : n., (pl curricula /kəˈrɪkjələ/, curriculums) the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc Ex: (BrE) Spanish is on the curriculum Ex: (NAmE) Spanish is in the curriculum Word Family: Establishment /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/: n., an organization, a large institution or a hotel Ex: A research establishment Ex: The hotel is a comfortable and well-run establishment Well-run: n., managed smoothly and well Obligate /ˈɑːblɪɡeɪt/ = v., to bind legally or morally /baɪnd/, /ˈmɔːrəli:/ Ex: Nevertheless, it is intended that the person obligated to retain certain transmittal information cannot escape meeting that obligation simply because, for example, the communications system operated by that other person does not retain the required information Transmittal /trænsˈmɪtəl/ - n., The act or process of transmitting; a transmission; the act of causing something to go (especially messages) Nevertheless /ˌnevərðəˈles/: adv., despite something that you have just mentioned; nonetheless; despite this fact /ˌnʌnðəˈles/ Ex: There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law Nevertheless, it is important that we try Ex: The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining Ex: I felt obligated to finish the project even though I could have exercised my option to quit Word Family: Obligatory (for somebody) (to something): adj., (formal) that you must because of the law, rules, etc.; compulsory; mandatory /əˈblɪɡətɔːri:/, /kəmˈpʌlsəri:/, / ˈmændətɔːri:/ (BrE: /mænˈdeɪtəri:/, /ˈmændətəri:/) Ex: It is obligatory for all employees to wear protective clothing Ex: It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets Ex: It is mandatory for blood banks to test all donated blood for the virus Obligation (to something): n., something which you must because you have promised, because of a law, etc.; commitment /ˌɑːblɪˈɡeɪʃən/ Ex: To fulfill your legal/professional/financial obligations Ex: We have a moral obligation to protect the environment Party /ˈpɑːrti:/ = n., one of the people or groups of people involved in a legal agreement Ex: The parties agreed to settlement in their contract dispute Ex: A celebration/birthday/dinner/garden, etc party Ex: The head of the department using the banquet room for a party should submit a required form to the Catering Department - Lãnh đạo phòng ban người mà sử dụng phòng tiệc nên nộp form yêu cầu đến Bộ phận phục vụ Ex: The party that prepares the contract has a distinct advantage /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ - used to emphasize that you think an idea or situation definitely exists and is important – definite Word Family: Party /ˈpɑːrti:/: v., (informal) to enjoy yourself, especially by eating, drinking alcohol and dancing /ˈælkəhɔːl/, /ˈælkəhɑːl/ Ex: They were out partying every night Ex: That guy Jake—he really knows how to party! 10 Provision /prəˈvɪʒən/ = n., a condition or an arrangement in a legal document Ex: The father made provision for his children through his will - Người cha truyền lại di chúc cho đứa Ex: Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs Ex: Provisions included in a managed care contract with a provider include: time limits for submitting claims, what is expected of the provider, & provider and insurer Ex: The provision of childcare facilities - Sự cung cấp lương thực cho sở vật chất chăm sóc trẻ em Ex: Provision for people with disabilities This guide is aimed at helping you to make your church more welcoming and accessible to people with disabilities Ex: The provisions for terminating the contract were not discussed /ˈtɜːrmɪneɪt/ - to end; to make something end Word Family: Provide /prəˈvaɪd/: v., to give something to somebody or make it available for them to use; supply Ex: The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care Ex: He didn’t provide for them in his will (= did not leave them any money) 11 Resolve /rɪˈzɑːlv/ - /rɪˈzɔːlv/ = v., to find an acceptable solution to a problem; to declare; to settle Ex: To resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict/a crisis Ex: The mediator was able to resolve the problem to everyone's satisfaction Ex: The businessman resolved to clean out all the files by the end of the week Ex: A contract often states ways to determine if quality of work delivered is acceptable Well-written contracts usually provide ways to resolve problems like these when they happen Mediator /ˈmiːdieɪtər/: n., a person or an organization that tries to get agreement between people or groups who disagree with each other – người dàn xếp, hoà giải Word Family: Resolve /rɪˈzɑːlv/ - /rɪˈzɔːlv/: n., strong determination to achieve something; resolution /ˌrezəˈluːʃn/ Ex: The difficulties in her way merely strengthened her resolve /ˈstreŋθən/ Merely /ˈmɪərli:/: adv., used meaning ‘only’ or ‘simply’ to emphasize a fact or something that you are saying Ex: It is not merely a job, but a way of life 12 Specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ = adj., detailed and exact; particular Ex: The customer's specific complaint was not addressed in his e-mail - Khiếu nại cụ thể khách hàng không giải thư điện tử gửi anh Ex: In a contract, one specific word can change the meaning dramatically Dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli:/: adv., very suddenly and to a very great and often surprising degree Ex: They demand in particular a specific directive on healthcare services and social services of general interest Ex: What are some of the specific directions that companies are adopting in terms of strategic quality management? The main difference between directions or directive is the fact that a directive is mainly an order, usually issued by an authority A directive may establish policy, assign responsibilities, define objectives and delegate authority to those working in and with the authoritative figure Directions, on the other hand, are in the form of guidelines They are mainly utilized while guiding somebody into a particular direction Directions are mainly associated with driving directions, which aim to get somebody from point A to point B /əˈθɔːrəteɪtɪv/, /əˈθɑːrəteɪtɪv/ Delegate /ˈdelɪɡət/: n., a person who is chosen or elected to represent the views of a group of people and vote and make decisions for them Word Family: Specification /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/: n., a detailed description of how something is, or should be, designed or made Ex: The work was done according to our specification of the contract The office was furnished to a high specification Ex: The manager has drafted job specifications for each of the positions Specify /ˈspesɪfaɪ/: v., to state something, especially by giving an exact measurement, time, exact instructions, etc Ex: Remember to specify your size when ordering clothes Ex: The contract specifies an annual salary raise The contract clearly specifies who can operate the machinery /məˈʃiːnəri/ Ex: The regulations specify that calculators may not be used in the examination Ex: The contract calls for the union to specify who their bargaining representative will be /ˈbɑːrɡənɪŋ/ - discussion of prices, conditions, etc with the aim of reaching an agreement that is acceptable – negotiation 10 Dwell /dwel/: v., [intransitive] + adv./prep (formal or literary) to live somewhere Ex: He dwelt in a ruined cottage on the hillside /ˈkɑːtɪdʒ/; /ˈhɪlsaɪd/ Phrasal: Take occupy of Word Family: Occupancy /ˈɑːkjəpənsi/: n., [uncountable](formal) the act of living in or using a building, room, piece of land, etc Ex: Occupancy rates are a good indicator of the overall business climate Prices per square foot will increase as the occupancy rate increses - tỷ lệ sử dụng Ex: The lawyers signed the papers and the company took occupancy of the new building Ex: The space will be available for occupancy on the fifteenth of next month We have the option of signing a one- or two-year lease, so we won’t have to lock ourselves into a long-term contract Ex: Bed occupancy rate in hotel is usually high in summer Tỷ lệ giường có khách đến khách sạn thường cao vào mùa hè Occupant /ˈɑːkjəpənt/: n., a person who lives or works in a particular house, room, building, etc Ex: All outstanding bills will be paid by the previous occupants – Những người sở hữu trước Occupied /ˈɑːkjupaɪd/: adj., [not before noun] being used by somebody >< unoccupied /ˌʌnˈɑːkjupaɪd/ Ex: Only half of the rooms are occupied at the moment Ex: The building appeared to be unoccupied 11 Subject (somebody/something) to (something) = v., [often passive] to make somebody/something experience, suffer or be affected by something, usually something unpleasant; subject something (to something) - (formal) to bring a country or group of people under your control, especially by using force /səbˈdʒekt/ Ex: The city was subjected to heavy bombing Word Family: Subject to something: adj., depending on something in order to be completed or agreed /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/, /ˈsʌbdʒekt/ Ex: This contract is subject to all the laws and regulations of the state Hợp đồng tuân thủ luật lệ nguyên tắc nhà nước Ex: Leases often provide more flexibility than buying a property They like to leave their options open They don’t like to be subject to the whims of the marketplace Being a tenant rather than a property owner has its advantages Ex: ‘I’ll pay you whatever it takes to get us out of this legally I don’t want to be subjected to any lawsuit.’ 239 Tôi chi cho cô khoản để khắc phục vấn đề cách hợp pháp Tôi không muốn bị vụ kiện ‘You don’t need to be apprehensive about that Due to the poorly written clause, you have the option to get out of the contract if you decide to so by the end of the month Anh không cần phải lo vấn đề Do điều khoản viết chưa tốt, anh hủy hợp đồng bạn muốn vào cuối tháng Lawsuit /ˈlɔːsuːt/: n., (also suit) a claim or complaint against somebody that a person or an organization can make in court - vụ kiện; việc kiện cáo, việc tố tụng He filed a lawsuit against his record company Option /ˈɑːpʃn/: n., option (of doing/to something) - something that you can choose to have or do; the freedom to choose what you Ex: With the real estate market so tight right now, you don't have that many options Với thị trường BĐS khan đến vào lúc này, anh nhiều chọn lựa đến Whim /wɪm/: n., a sudden wish to or have something, especially when it is something unusual or unnecessary - ý nảy Ex: We bought the house on a whim Ex: My duties seem to change daily at the whim of the boss Marketplace /ˈmɑːrkɪtpleɪs/: n., the marketplace - [singular] the activity of competing with other companies to buy and sell goods, services, etc – thị trường; chợ 12 Tenant /ˈtenənt/ = n., a person who pays rent for the use of a room, building, land, etc to the person who owns it Ex: The decorating was done by a previous tenant Collocations: Sign/break the lease/rental agreement/contract Extend/renew/terminate the lease/(BrE) tenancy Word Family: Tenant /ˈtenənt/: v., [usually passive] tenant something - to live or work in a place as a tenant Ex: A tenanted farm Tenancy /ˈtenənsi/: n., a period of time that you rent a house, land, etc for; the right to live or work in a building or on land that you rent Ex: Make sure you keep a copy of your tenancy agreement Hãy đảm bảo bạn giữ hợp đồng thuê nhà Ex: They had taken over the tenancy of the farm 240 Take [something] over (from somebody): v., to begin to have control of or responsibility for something, especially in place of somebody else Landlord /ˈlændlɔːrd/: n., a person or company from whom you rent a room, a house, an office, etc Ex: The landlord and tenant were in agreement that the rent should be prorated to the middle of the month Chủ nhà người thuê đồng ý thỏa thuận với tiền thuê chia theo tỷ lệ tháng Prorate /proʊˈreɪt/: v., to calculate a cost, payment, or price according to the amount of something that has been used, in relation to the fixed rate for a larger total amount: Ex: The rental will be prorated if occupancy does not begin on the first day of the month 241 Lesson 31-35: Restaurants and Events Lesson 31: Selecting a Restaurant - Chọn Lựa Nhà Hàng Appeal /əˈpiːl/ = n., a quality that makes somebody/something attractive or interesting; appeal to something - an indirect suggestion that any good, fair or reasonable person would act in a particular way; appeal (to somebody) (for something) - an urgent and deeply felt request for money, help or information, especially one made by a charity or by the police Ex: A restaurant with good food and reasonable prices has a lot of appeal Một nhà hàng có thức ăn ngon giá phải có sức hút mạnh Ex: Ao dai has never really lost its appeal Chiếc áo dài chẳng nét quyến rũ Ex: I relied on an appeal to his finer feelings Ex: To launch a TV appeal for donations to the charity Phrasal: To have appeal - có sức lôi cuốn, có sức quyến rũ Lost appeal Pleasing /ˈpliːzɪŋ/: adj., pleasing to somebody/something - that gives you pleasure or satisfaction Ex: The new building was pleasing to the eye Launch /lɔːntʃ/: v., launch something - to start an activity, especially an organized one Ex: To launch an appeal/an inquiry/an investigation/a campaign Word Family: Appeal /əˈpiːl/: v., appeal to somebody - to attract or interest somebody; appeal to somebody to something - to make a serious and urgent request; appeal (to something) to try to persuade somebody to something by suggesting that it is a fair, reasonable or honest thing to Ex: The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups Ex: Organizers appealed to the crowd not to panic Ex: They needed to appeal to his sense of justice - Ý thức (nhận thức) công lý Appealing /əˈpiːlɪŋ/: adj., attractive or interesting Ex: An ice-cold drink seems very appealing on a hot day Compromise /ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz/ = n., compromise (between A and B) - an agreement made between two people or groups in which each side gives up some of the things they want so that both sides are happy at the end - a settlement of differences 242 Ex: John doesn't like sweet dishes so I compromised by adding just a small amount of sugar John không thích ăn thỏa hiệp cách thêm đường Ex: In any relationship, you have to make compromises Phrasals: Reach a compromise; make compromise A compromise solution/agreement/candidate Word Family: Compromise /ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz/: v., [intransitive] compromise (with somebody) (on something) - to give up some of your demands after a disagreement with somebody, in order to reach an agreement – to settle differences Ex: After much argument, the judges finally compromised on (= agreed to give the prize to) the 18-year old pianist /ˈpɪənɪst/ Compromising /ˈkɑːmprəmaɪzɪŋ/: adj., if something is compromising, it shows or tells people something that you want to keep secret, because it is wrong or embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ Ex: They were discovered together in a compromising situation Ex: An embarrassing situation - tình trạng lúng túng Daringly /ˈdeərɪŋli/ = adv., in a way that shows a willingness to dangerous or unusual things; in a way that involves danger or risk – bravely Ex: Jane daringly refused a fork and attempted to eat her entire meal with chopsticks /fɔːrk/; /ˈtʃɑːpstɪk/ Word Family: Daring /ˈdeərɪŋ/: adj., brave; willing to dangerous or unusual things; involving danger or taking risks Ex: Food tastes are subjective Although Atul like to be daring and take risks, he knows that the food should appeal to a variety of palates He realizes that a dish that he enjoys may not taste delicious to someone else Palate /ˈpælət/: n., [usually singular] the ability to recognize and/or enjoy good food and drink; the top part of the inside of the mouth - (giải phẫu) vòm miệng; vị; ý thích Ex: The hard/soft palate (= the hard/soft part at the front/back of the palate) Dare /deər/: v., dare (to) something - (not usually used in the progressive tenses) to be brave enough to something Ex: He didn’t dare (to) say what he thought 243 Dare /deər/: n., [usually singular] something dangerous, difficult or embarrassing that you try to persuade somebody to do, to see if they will it Ex: (BrE) He climbed onto the roof for a dare Ex: (NAmE) She learned to fly on a dare Delicious /dɪˈlɪʃəs/ = adj., having a very pleasant taste or smell; (literary) extremely pleasant or enjoyable Ex: Who cooked this? It's delicious Word Family: Deliciously /dɪˈlɪʃəsli/: adv., in a way that tastes or smells very good; (literary) in an extremely pleasant or enjoyable way Ex: The stew smells deliciously good Ex: The cream felt deliciously cool on my hot skin /hɑːt/ Stew /stuː/: n., a dish of meat and vegetables cooked slowly in liquid in a container that has a lid ( BrE: /stjuː/) Lid /lɪd/: n., a cover over a container that can be removed or opened by turning it or lifting it Comment /ˈkɑːment/: n., comment (about/on something) - something that you say or write which gives an opinion on or explains somebody/something Ex: She made helpful comments on my work Ex: The deliciousness of the desserts is hard to resist /dɪˈlɪʃəsnəs/ Resist /rɪˈzɪst/: v., [transitive, intransitive] to refuse to accept something and try to stop it from happening – oppose /əˈpoʊz/ Ex: To resist a bad habit - cưỡng lại thói quen xấu Familiar /fəˈmɪliər/ = adj., familiar to somebody - well known to you; often seen or heard and therefore easy to recognize; familiar with - something knowing something very well; often encountered or seen; common >< Unfamiliar /ˌʌnfə ˈmɪliər/ Ex: The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery Ex: It's nice to see some familiar items on the menu Thật hay thấy vài ăn quen thuộc thực đơn Ex: Are you familiar with the computer software they use? Phrasals: To look/sound/taste familiar 244 Encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntər/: encounter somebody/something - (formal) to meet somebody, or discover or experience something, especially somebody/something new, unusual or unexpected - come across Ex: She was the most remarkable woman he had ever encountered Word Family: Familiarity /fəˌmɪliˈærəti/: n., familiarity (with something) | familiarity (to somebody) - the state of knowing somebody/something well; the state of recognizing somebody/something; a friendly informal manner Ex: His familiarity with the language helped him enjoy his stay Ex: She addressed me with an easy familiarity that made me feel at home Familiarization /fəˌmɪliərəˈzeɪʃn/: n., [uncountable] the process of learning about something or teaching somebody about something, so that you/they start to understand it (BrE also -isation) Ex: A week of training and familiarization Guide /ɡaɪd/ = n., one who leads; directs; or gives advice; a guidebook Ex: I don't know where to go, so why don't we consult the guide Tôi đâu, không hỏi ý kiến hướng dẫn viên Word Family: Guide /ɡaɪd/: v., guide somebody (to/through/around something) - to show somebody the way to a place, often by going with them; guide somebody/something (+ adv./prep.) - to help somebody to move in a particular direction Ex: The hostess guided us to our table Hostess /ˈhoʊstəs/: n., a woman who invites guests to a meal, a party, etc.; a woman who has people staying at her home; (NAmE) a woman who welcomes the customers in a restaurant; a woman who introduces and talks to guests on a television or radio show (BrE also /ˈhəʊstes/) Guiding /ˈɡaɪdɪŋ/: adj., [only before noun] giving advice and help; having a strong influence on people Ex: She was inexperienced and needed a guiding hand Guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/: n., [uncountable] guidance (on something) - help or advice that is given to somebody, especially by somebody older or with more experience Ex: Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor Majority /məˈdʒɔːrəti/, /məˈdʒɑːrəti/ = n., the greater number or part; majority (of somebody/something) - the largest part of a group of people or things 245 Ex: The majority of the group wanted to try the new Chinese restaurant Phần lớn nhóm muốn ăn thử nhà hàng Trung Quốc Ex: In the nursing profession, women are in a/the majority Ex: He wants the majority of his guests to be happy He usually decides to compromise on a restaurant that offers a menu with a mix of familiar standards and some exciting speacials Opposite: Minority /maɪˈnɔːrəti/: n., the smaller part of a group; less than half of the people or things in a large group; a small group within a community or country that is different because of race, religion, language, etc Ex: Only a small minority of students is/are interested in politics these days Ex: The rights of ethnic/racial minorities /ˈeθnɪk/ - (thuộc) dân tộc, tộc người; không theo tôn giáo nào, vô thần; /ˈreɪʃl/ - (thuộc) dòng giống, chủng tộc Mix /mɪks/ = v., mix A and B (together) - mix A with B - to combine or blend into one mass; mix (with somebody) - to meet and talk to different people, especially at social events – socialize - giao thiệp, hợp tác Ex: The mix of bright colors on the plate was very pleasing Sự pha trộn màu sáng đĩa thú vị Ex: He doesn't mix well Anh giao thiệp Socialize /ˈsoʊʃəlaɪz/: v., socialize (with somebody) to meet and spend time with people in a friendly way, in order to enjoy yourself – mix (BrE also -ise) Ex: I enjoy socializing with the other students Word family: Mixture /ˈmɪkstʃər/: n., [countable, usually singular] a combination of different things Ex: The texture of the vegetable mixture was too lumpy for my taste Ex: Oil and water are not mixable /ˈmɪksəbl/ Texture /ˈtekstʃər/: n., the way food or drink tastes or feels in your mouth, for example whether it is rough, smooth, light, heavy, etc.; the way a surface, substance or piece of cloth feels when you touch it, for example how rough, smooth, hard or soft it is Ex: The two cheeses were very different in both taste and texture Ex: She uses a variety of different colours and textures in her wall hangings Lumpy /ˈlʌmpi/: adj., full of lumps; covered in lumps Lump /lʌmp/: n., a piece of something hard or solid, usually without a particular shape 246 Rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ = v., rely on/upon somebody/something (to something) - to need or depend on somebody/something; Ex: I seldom rely on the restaurant reviews in the paper when choosing a restaurant Tôi tin vào đánh giá nhà hàng báo chọn lựa nhà hàng Ex: You can rely on that website to give accurate restaurant reviews /ˈækjərət/ These words all mean to believe that somebody/something will what you hope or expect of them or that what they tell you is correct or true Trust: v., to believe that somebody is good, honest, sincere, etc and that they will what you expect of them or the right thing; to believe that something is true or correct Ex: Don’t trust what you read in the newspapers! Depend on/upon somebody/something: v., (often used with can/cannot/could/could not) to trust somebody/something to what you expect or want, to the right thing, or to be true or correct Ex: He was the sort of person you could depend on Rely on/upon somebody/something: v., (used especially with can/cannot/could/ could not and should/should not) to trust somebody/something to what you expect or want, or to be honest, correct or good enough Ex: Can I rely on you to keep this secret? /ˈsiːkrət/ Count on somebody/something: v., (often used with can/cannot/could/could not) to be sure that somebody will what you need them to do, or that something will happen as you want it to happen Ex: I’m counting on you to help me Ex: We can’t count on the good weather lasting Believe in somebody: v., to feel that you can trust somebody and/or that they will be successful Ex: They need a leader they can believe in Word Family: Reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/: adj., that can be trusted to something well; that you can rely on – dependable; that is likely to be correct or true We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working Reliability /rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/: n., [uncountable] the quality of being able to be trusted to what somebody wants or needs – dependability; the quality of being likely to be correct or true Ex: The reliability of deliveries became a problem for the manager 247 10 Secure /səˈkjʊər/ = v., (formal) secure something (for somebody / something / yourself) - to obtain or achieve something, especially when this means using a lot of effort – to get possession of - chiếm được, tìm được, đạt được; secure something against something - to protect something so that it is safe and difficult to attack or damage (BrE: /sɪˈkjʊə(r)) Ex: The hostess secured us another chair, so we could eat together /ˈhoʊstəs/ Bà chủ tiệc tìm cho ghế khác, ăn Ex: When Atul is trying to impress business contacts who are potential new clients, he takes them to the best restaurant in town He hopes this will help secure a new contract for his telecommunications business Ex: Good afternoon I am calling from the Patio Terrace Restaurant about your request for a reservation I have secured a reservation for you at 8:30 P.M tomorrow evening /ˌrezərˈveɪʃn/ - make a reservation Terrace /ˈterəs/: n., a flat, hard area, especially outside a house or restaurant, where you can sit, eat and enjoy the sun - (kiến trúc) mái bằng, sân thượng; sân hiên Patio /ˈpætioʊ/: n., a flat hard area outside, and usually behind, a house where people can sit – sân (nhà người Tây ban nha) Ex: Let's have lunch out on the patio Word Family: Secure /səˈkjʊər/: adj., secure (against/from something) - certain/safe - an toàn, kiên cố, vững chắc; feeling happy and confident about yourself or a particular situation (BrE: /sɪˈkjʊə(r)) >< insecure /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊər/ Ex: Information must be stored so that it is secure from accidental deletion /ˌæksɪ ˈdentl/; /dɪˈliːʃn/ - deletion (to something) Security /səˈkjʊərəti/: n., the activities involved in protecting a country, building or person against attack, danger, etc.; the state of feeling happy and safe from danger or worry (BrE: /sɪˈkjʊərəti/) Ex: They carried out security checks at the airport Ex: The security of a loving family life 11 Subjective /səbˈdʒektɪv/ = adj., based on your own ideas or opinions rather than facts and therefore sometimes unfair – highly personal; not objective >< objective /əbˈdʒektɪv/ Ex: The reviews in this guidebook are highly subjective, but fun to read Những đánh giá sách hướng dẫn chủ quan, đọc vui Ex: Objective criteria – tiêu chí (điều kiện; tiêu) khách quan (pl., Criteria /kraɪˈtɪəriə/); Criterion /kraɪˈtɪriən/ 248 Word Family: Subjectivity /ˌsʌbdʒekˈtɪvəti/: n., [uncountable] the fact of being influenced by personal ideas, opinions or feelings, rather than facts - tính chủ quan; tính chất chủ quan >< objectivity /ˌɑːbdʒekˈtɪvəti/ - tính khách quan Ex: There’s a lot of subjectivity in reviewing restaurant Subjectively /səbˈdʒektɪvli/: adv., in a way that is based on a person's own ideas, opinions or feelings rather than the facts >< objectively /əbˈdʒektɪvli/ Ex: People who are less subjectively involved are better judges 12 Suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/, (NAmE only: /səɡˈdʒestʃən/) = n., suggestion (for/about/on something) - a proposal; advice - an idea or a plan that you mention for somebody else to think about Ex: Can I make a suggestion about what to order? Tôi đề nghị việc gọi hay không? Ex: We are open to suggestions (= willing to listen to ideas from other people) Ex: Do you have any suggestions? Word Family: Suggest /səˈdʒest/, (NAmE only: /səɡˈdʒest/) : v., suggest something (to somebody) - to put forward an idea or a plan for other people to think about – propose; suggest somebody/something for something - to tell somebody about a suitable person, thing, method, etc for a particular job or purpose – recommend; to state something indirectly – imply /ˌrekəˈmend/ Ex: May I suggest a white wine with this dish, Sir? Ex: Who would you suggest for the job? Ex: Can I suggest a good wine to go with the entrée? Ex: Are you suggesting (that) I’m lazy? Entrée /ˈɑːntreɪ/: n., (from French) [countable] (in a restaurant or at a formal meal) the main dish of the meal or a dish served before the main course - ăn Suggestible /səˈdʒestəbl/, (NAmE only: /səɡˈdʒestəbl/) : adj., easily influenced by other people Ex: To a patient who is highly suggestible! bệnh nhân, người mà có khả đề nghị được! Ex: The patrons were in a suggestible mood, and were easily convinced to have dessert 249 Lesson 32: Eating Out Appetite /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ = n., appetite for something - physical desire for food; a strong desire for something Ex: A chef can bring out a distinct flavor in a dish, depending on the ingredients he or she uses Well-prepared food can satisfy even the hungriest patrons with the biggest appetites Ex: The walk gave me a good appetite Ex: Don't spoil your appetite by eating between meals (= no longer be hungry at the proper time to eat) Spoil /spɔɪl/: v., [transitive] spoil something - to change something good into something bad, unpleasant, useless, etc – ruin /ˈruːɪn/ Ex: The news spoilt his dinner Tin làm cho ăn cơm ngon Word Family: Appetizer /ˈæpɪtaɪzər/: n., a small amount of food or a drink that you have before a meal (BrE also -iser) Ex: While you are looking over the menu, can I interest you in an appetizer? Trong ông xem qua thực đơn xin phép mời ông khai vị ạ? Appetizing /ˈæpɪtaɪzɪŋ/: n., (of food, etc.) that smells or looks attractive; making you feel hungry or thirsty (BrE also -ising) >< unappetizing /ʌnˈæpɪtaɪzɪŋ/ Ex: It's not an appetizing diet Nó chế độ ăn uống ngon miệng Complete /kəmˈpliːt/ = adj., [usually before noun] including all the parts, etc that are necessary; whole; total; complete with something - [not before noun] including something as an extra part or feature; finished >< imcomplete /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt/ Ex: We were in complete agreement Ex: The furniture comes complete with tools and instructions for assembly Ex: Work on the office building will be complete at the end of the year Word Family: Complete /kəmˈpliːt/ = v., [often passive] complete something - to finish making or doing something; to write all the information you are asked for on a form - fill in/out; to make something whole or perfect Ex: We ordered some dessert to complete our meal Chúng gọi tráng miệng để trọn vẹn bữa ăn Ex: 2 000 shoppers completed our questionnaire Ex: I only need one more card to complete the set 250 Questionnaire /ˌkwestʃəˈneər/: n., questionnaire (on/about something) a written list of questions that are answered by a number of people so that information can be collected from the answers Ex: (BrE) To fill in a questionnaire Ex: (especially NAmE) To fill out a questionnaire Completion /kəmˈpliːʃn/: n., [uncountable] the act or process of finishing something; the state of being finished and complete The project is due for completion in the spring The road is nearing completion (= it is nearly finished) Excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/ = v., to make somebody feel very pleased, interested or enthusiastic; excite something (in somebody) - to make somebody feel a particular emotion or react in a particular way – to arouse /əˈraʊz/; /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk/ Ex: Exotic flavor always excite me /ɪɡˈzɑːtɪk/ Những hương vị lạ/ngoại nhập luôn phấn khích Ex: The quality of the food is the primary way restaurants are judged The food should taste and look wonderful Your plate of food should excite all your senses and be fragrant and colorful /ˈfreɪɡrənt/ - having a pleasant smell - thơm phưng phức, thơm ngát Ex: Don't anything to arouse any suspicions /səˈspɪʃn/ Đừng làm đáng ngờ gần nhà Word Family: Excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/: adj., excited (at/about/by/to something) - feeling or showing happiness and enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/ Ex: The children were excited about opening their presents Excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/: n., [uncountable] the state of feeling excited; [countable] (formal) something that you find exciting Ex: You can feel the excitement in the air Ex: The new job was not without its excitements Ex: I’ve had enough excitement for the day Excitable /ɪkˈsaɪtəbl/: adj., (of people or animals) likely to become easily excited Ex: A class of excitable ten-year-olds Flavor /ˈfleɪvər/ = n., (BrE: flavour) how food or drink tastes – taste; a particular type of taste; a particular quality or atmosphere – ambience Ex: The cook changed the flavor of the soup with a unique blend of herbs /ɜːrb/, /hɜːrb/ Người nấu bếp thay đổi mùi vị súp pha trộn loại cỏ độc đáo Ex: The distinctive flavour of South Florida 251 Distinctive /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/: adj., having a quality or characteristic that makes something different and easily noticed – characteristic (of something/somebody) /ˌkærəktə ˈrɪstɪk/ Ambience /ˈæmbiəns/: n., [singular] the character and atmosphere of a place (also ambiance) Ex: The relaxed ambience of the city Word Family: Flavor /ˈfleɪvər/: v., flavor something (with something) - to add something to food or drink to give it more flavor or a particular flavor Ex: I like a chef who uses exotic spices to flavor the food Spice /spaɪs/: n., one of the various types of powder or seed that come from plants and are used in cooking Spices have a strong taste and smell; extra interest or excitement Ex: We need an exciting trip to add some spice to our lives Flavoursome /ˈfleɪvərsəm/: adj., (especially US English flavorful /ˈfleɪvərfʊl/ ) having a lot of flavour Ex: A wine with a light, flavoursome aroma Aroma /əˈroʊmə/: n., a pleasant, noticeable smell - mùi thơm, hương vị Ex: The aroma of fresh coffee Foreign /ˈfɔːrən/, /ˈfɑːrən/ = adj., in or from a country that is not your own; of another country; unfamiliar Ex: It’s fun to try the local food when traveling in a foreign country Ex: The ingredients in this dish are foreign to me; I have never tried any of them before Word Family: Foreigner /ˈfɔːrənər/, /ˈfɑːrənər/: n., (sometimes offensive) a person who comes from a different country; a person who does not belong in a particular place Ex: The fact that I was a foreigner was a big disadvantage Ex: I have always been regarded as a foreigner by the local folk Folk /foʊk/: n., (also folks especially in NAmE) [plural] (informal) people in general; [plural] people from a particular country or region, or who have a particular way of life Ex: I'd like a job working with old folk or kids 252 Ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ = n., ingredient (of/in/for something) - one of the things from which something is made, especially one of the foods that are used together to make a particular dish; one of the things or qualities that are necessary to make something successful Ex: I was unfamiliar with some of the ingredients in the dish Tôi không quen với vài thành phần ăn Ex: The essential ingredients for success 10 11 12 d 253