Object and scope of the research is the problem of poverty, the causes and effects of poverty factors affecting poverty. The scope of the research focused mainly fishermen of the communes of Ninh Ich; Ninh Loc; Ninh Ha; Ninh Giang; Ninh Phu, Ninh Van of Ninh Hoa district in the period from 2005 to 2006. The approach is based on the way they were used for analysis of the Living Standards Survey in Vietnam for the period 19931998 as the basis for the analysis of poverty, namely that as the average expenditure basis to evaluate and compare. Household spending in the investigation, according to the five quintiles are divided from lowest to highest. This is only a relative indicator rather than absolute in order to better identify the factors that separate the rich households with household incomes near or below the median. The sample data will be collected two spending, household income and expenditure per capita as criteria for poverty analysis. The sample was collected by convenience sampling method with stratification according billion the respective local 1780 samples.
PGDRDM 8TH BATCH RMAT II ASSIGNMENT Vu Van Quan 8RDM 50 [Pick the date] [Type the abstract of the document here The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document Type the abstract of the document here The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECT ON THE POVERTY OF HOUSEHOLD FISHERMAN NINH HOA DISTRICT, KHANH HOA PROVINCE, VIETNAM INTRODUCTION Poverty is a social and economic phenomenon hot and burning of all nations and increasingly attracting the attention of the international community in finding solutions to hunger eradication and poverty reduction Poverty reduction is fundamental to ensure social justice and sustainable growth Thus, poverty reduction is considered an integral part of the strategy of economic development - the country's society The communes in Ninh Hoa, Ninh Phu, Ninh Giang, Ha Ninh, Ninh Loc, Ninh Ich, Vinh Luong The proportion of poor households according to the standard of Khanh Hoa province is 19.52% and the standard was 16.54% Country To achieve the objective of reducing poverty by 2010, the poverty rate was 2.4% according to national standards and 4% of the province under the new standards is a very difficult problem requiring the industry, the level and order per household families to escape poverty on the basis of scientific and high sustainability The investigation to analyze and assess the factors affecting the poverty situation of households along this area is very important to find solutions to poverty reduction in the region SUBJECTS AND METHODS Object and scope of the research is the problem of poverty, the causes and effects of poverty factors affecting poverty The scope of the research focused mainly fishermen of the communes of Ninh Ich; Ninh Loc; Ninh Ha; Ninh Giang; Ninh Phu, Ninh Van of Ninh Hoa district in the period from 2005 to 2006 The approach is based on the way they were used for analysis of the Living Standards Survey in Vietnam for the period 1993-1998 as the basis for the analysis of poverty, namely that as the average expenditure basis to evaluate and compare Household spending in the investigation, according to the five quintiles are divided from lowest to highest This is only a relative indicator rather than absolute in order to better identify the factors that separate the rich households with household incomes near or below the median The sample data will be collected two spending, household income and expenditure per capita as criteria for poverty analysis The sample was collected by convenience sampling method with stratification according billion the respective local 1780 samples Table 2.1 Sampling rate in the study area No Affairs Ninh Giang Phu Ninh Ninh Ha Loc Ninh Total number of households 1623 1315 1539 1609 Number of samples 294 355 353 411 The ratio,% 18:11 27.00 22.94 25.54 Ninh Ich Ninh Van Total 1863 317 8266 310 57 1780 16.64 17.98 21:53 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Poverty and employment status of household The survey data of the author suggests that the ability of poor households than those whose family members are unemployed or hired However, unlike the other local people living in the district of Ninh Hoa commune almost no work clear, stable, living mainly dependent on farming, fishing In tables 3.5 region shows only 62.50% of the work is different, there are 37.50% are unemployed Table Employment status in the study area, 2006 Fields of economic activity Affairs Ninh Giang Phu Ninh Ninh, Ha Loc Ninh Ninh Ich Ninh Van Total Agriculture, Forestry and gauge the Total % exports 318 47.89 305 57.98 533 65.48 406 37.63 347 52.02 81 52.60 1990 50.97 Industry Construction Total exports 26 17 11 10 75 % 3.92 1.71 2.09 1.02 1.50 1.30 1.92 Service Total exports 96 52 103 96 358 Total sample State % 14.46 1.14 6.39 9.55 14.39 3.25 9.17 Total exports 11 17th Not working % 0.15 2.09 0.49 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.44 Total exports 223 195 208 559 213 66 1464 Total Number of exports household % 33.58 37.07 25.55 51.81 31.93 42.86 37.50 664 526 814 1079 667 154 3904 295 355 355 412 315 58 1790 3.2 Literacy Illiteracy of the people here are quite high Those with low levels or not trained very common (Table 3.6) Low education levels, graduation rates, college, graduate an average of less than 0.5% communes, some people get very little training causes a direct impact on poverty at the local this Table The proportion of the population are illiterate, literate, qualified (Excluding the demographic under school age) at the commune (%) Villages Ninh Giang Phu Ninh Ninh, Ha Loc Ninh Ninh Ich Ninh Van Total Illiteracy 7.16 4.18 5.45 9, 67 5.97 11.03 6.74 Literacy Level Level Level 15.15 9.37 9.92 11.62 21.93 7.22 12.97 39.56 49.56 53.81 48.69 41.04 47.91 47.03 32.78 31.58 26.61 25.74 27.83 31.94 28.85 3.84 4.68 3.55 3.78 2.83 1.90 3.71 professional University / After school / College college apprenticeship 0.83 0.68 0.00 0.13 0.51 0.00 0.07 0.39 0.20 0.11 0.22 0.17 0.24 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.37 0.08 Σ% 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Status of students in school age have left school, middle school holidays are relatively common (Figure 3.3.), The main reason stems from poverty Children from families with low incomes to plunge into the living too soon % Note 3.3 Household size Survey data on communes in Ninh Hoa district showed a clear difference in the size of households in poor and rich households in the group In poor average size of up to 5.64, the group of wealthy people who only 3.44, which is higher than the poverty scale about 2.2 people Table 3 Household size by group per capita spending Household size according to the average per capita expenditure No Villages Poor Ninh Giang Phu Ninh Ninh Ha Loc Ninh Ninh Ich Ninh Van Medium Pretty poor Medium Wealthier Wealthy 5.63 5:29 5:20 5.66 5.66 6:38 5.64 5:35 5:42 5:31 4.67 4.89 5.67 5:14 38 5:16 4:48 3:55 4:23 4:00 4.68 3.82 4:24 4:47 3:00 2:53 4:00 4:21 4:00 3:50 2:00 3:44 Survey results showed that the author, in almost all communes in Ninh Hoa district, the proportion of people living in poor households depend more often than non-poor households (except Ninh Van commune, but this may be due to the small number of sample-5 samples) The percentage of people who depend average income divided by average group presented in Table 3.8 Table The percentage of people who depend divided in groups of per capita spending The ratio of dependents,% No Villages Poor Ninh Giang Phu Ninh Ninh Ha Loc Ninh Ninh Ich Ninh Van Medium Pretty poor Medium Wealthier Wealthy 46 34 37.84 51.28 45.67 50.91 52.94 47.31 42.38 45.77 44.86 42.27 42.17 45.10 43.5 37.44 41.61 37.95 38.03 38.70 50.00 39.84 47.62 45.28 40.68 33.33 40.00 50.00 43.85 25.00 33.33 12:00 12:00 50.00 12:00 32.26 3.4 • Access to resources Land Although the coastal areas, but the proportion of households engaged in mining, aquaculture is negligible Therefore, the landless, with little or poor quality land is often poor A positive correlation between landlessness and poverty occurs only in areas where the population is completely dependent on the land Table The percentage of landless households No Having land,% 60.20 79.72 42.49 51.82 75.44 42.58 56.07 Villages Ninh Giang Phu Ninh Ninh, Ha Loc Ninh Ninh Ich Ninh Van Average No land,% 39.80 20:28 57.51 48.18 24.56 57.42 43.93 The data in Table 15.3 shows the average poverty while only 676 m of arable land, the kinds of household wealth to 1,660 m mean difference 2.5 times 2, Table The average land area of households by province and expenditure groups No Villages The average land area of households by province and group spending thousands m Poor Ninh Giang Phu Ninh Ninh Ha Loc Ninh Ninh Ich Pretty poor Medium Wealthier Wealthy 0939 1,542 0587 1,979 2,637 1,320 2,096 0595 1,556 5953 0915 3459 1,237 0.040 1,480 0560 2166 0721 0,000 0555 1,060 1,658 0,000 0,000 0,000 • Ninh Van Medium 1,433 0676 1,322 1,185 1,145 1,624 1,282 1,318 0980 1,660 Credits: Results of the survey in six communes in Ninh Hoa district showed that most households in this area are the official loan from the credit institution's local, the average number of household loans are not accounted rate of 12.47% Table 3.7 Loans classified as expenditure Sources of capital Poor Pretty poor Medium Wealthier Wealthy general 67.61 65.89 61.64 66.23 54.55 CC 65.03 Loan Bank for Social 8:48 Policies 8:55 15.64 15:58 18:18 10.77 Other bank loans 7:43 4.84 2.60 12:00 5.96 2:14 0.93 12:00 12:00 1:55 8.86 10.61 9:09 18:18 10:47 3:08 4:38 2:42 5:19 9:09 3.66 12:51 100.00 2.75 100.00 3.91 100.00 1:30 100.00 12:00 100.00 2:56 100.00 No loans 4.63 National Loans Fund to support employment 1:29 (CT120) Loan associations and 14:40 unions Community Loans Own capital Total 3.5 Analysis of factors affecting the poverty situation of households On the causes of poverty, according to the people in the study area, there are main reasons These are: lack of capital production business (34.2%), east of dependents (13.7%), but no labor jobs (10.7%), lack of labor (5.5% ), with severe chronic patients (5.4%), lack of arable land (5.4%), lack of means of production (3.6%), with prolonged debt (1.5%) and not know how to eat, unskilled (1.4%) Figure 3.2 The causes of poverty affect the opinion of the fishermen Results of regression analysis of factors affecting the poverty of the household as follows: Table Regression model of per capita expenditure of households annually Dependent variable: Logs spending per capita Regression coefficients (β Std Error Statistics t Value P k) The independent variables: Constant 7.5460 Number of households border -0.0586 The number of people living in a-0.0160 household dependent The total number of years of schooling of 0.0043 adults 0.028 0.008 0.010 269.212 -7.110 -1.616 0.000 0.000 0.106 0,001 4,083 0.000 There is work (with = 1) 0.0575 The area of cultivated land, thousand 0.0097 Households with more than million0.0942 loan? (Yes = 1) 0.30 R Adjusd Number of observations 1058 m2 0.018 0.003 0.025 3.281 3.721 3.834 0,001 0.000 0.000 Results of regression testing and regression equation shows quite appropriate, the regression coefficients have the expected signs properly B iến some members of the household have adverse effects on the per capita expenditure capita, e this Article means that the number of people in household growing up, the greater the level of expenditure; variable number of people living in a household with dependent adverse effects on spending and no sign as expected but this variable is not statistically significant at the 5% significance level; S of years of schooling of the household is increasing the spending increase From the regression results indicate, variables "have to" have the expected sign and is statistically significant at the 5% level This implies that those who work often they have income and thus their spending is higher Another factor is equally important that job is to cultivate the land, a land for farming households will spend an average of about 0.0097 times higher than in the absence of land, 1,000 m2 each increase additional spending will make up 1.3% This suggests that if the increase arable land that factors such as weather, irrigation water is not favorable, people find it hard to get rich To loans contributed significantly increase spending by households in Ninh Hoa district The statistics show that a household can borrow from million or more will have the opportunity to increase their spending to about 0.0942 times Suppose the probability of a poor household in Ninh Hoa district is 30% When all other factors constant, if the household employment, land, credit or loan is officially the probability of household poverty will be reduced, turn left are: 7.8%; 12.1% and 20.7% Conversely, if the household size increases a person, or occupation of households moving from agriculture to nonagriculture in terms of factors remaining constant, the probability of falling into poverty of households increased and respectively: 39.1% and 55.3%, CONCLUSION Poverty reduction is a big problem for the local government area in the district of Ninh Hoa commune The main reason is the population dependent on agriculture and fisheries, industry without profit or suffer from natural risks Besides altering land per person limit, means small fishing and backward problem is that the people of this region are facing The offshore fishing has pushed the number of households increased significantly fishermen However, the wealthier fishermen are also at risk of poverty back if the management of marine resources is not good at all levels Poverty remains a common picture of the region, the gap between rich and poor widening The rich benefit more from the economic and social programs than the rich from the economic and social programs than the rich The poor and the illiterate are always at the bottom of the list of those to benefit from economic growth This situation can be worse if the lack of transparency in the management and implementation of social and economic programs of the government Through proven, the data in this area shows that the main reasons that can cause disparities include employment, land, capital, household size and gender Of these the most important is the employment status The main types of work of a person determines the person's life, even his family In rural areas, land becomes a matter of survival for the household The landless households will prepare facing low living standards and the ability to live in poverty is very high, in contrast, households with more land is high-income households and affluent living standards REFERENCES Khanh Hoa Provincial Bureau of Statistics (2005), Statistical Yearbook of Khanh Hoa 2005 Nha Trang -2006 Khanh Hoa Department of Fisheries (2005) Report Program maritime economy Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs of Khanh Hoa (2006) The report targets for poverty reduction program Khanh Hoa period 2006 -2010 The goal of poverty reduction in Khanh Hoa province, 2006- 2010 period, the data to date 1/1/2006, page 137