IELTS analysis "Cambridge series" Reading the wrong title because of Often students asked: "Teacher, Cambridge series of books in question had done what can be done?" I will ask one question: "Are you of only the finished, or the topics are analyzed finished?" Get the answer is usually is the former Chinese students are very hardworking, like to engage in problem sea tactics, from a large number of the title theme to to improve their confidence, but not good analyzed and summarized Many students finish the answer, even if the title of the End of the article is over, are often not very clear where she had been wrong I often tell students that, at the wrong time to review those questions will never be more than the right value to those questions If the name on the short-plate theory, the subject of those who had done something wrong is our short-board, if there is no time to analyze the reasons, to the time when the real test may also make mistakes in the same place Therefore, we in Cambridge in the series of articles is completed must be the subject of their own mistakes (including the Mongolian luck on the topic) for analysis and conclusion on the causes, it is a good target to overcome According to feedback from students, I put you usually read the title wrong in the cause of IELTS subtotals, and give some solutions 1, positioning error Most of the reading are the details of the subject title, mainly to study the details we have a search capability, saying that white is the "find", the subject can not make a lot of students come to the main reason could not find Generally can not be found for two reasons: (1) did not chose the right keywords Keywords are mainly used for positioning, their selection is very important, as we did not choose the right hard to find the problem To determine questions such as saying goes "In 1985, AI was at its lowest point." (Sword 5Test3Passage3Q33) a lot of students want to get to the AI or the lowest position, but the title of this article is called "The Return of Artificial Intelligence", AI is the article, keywords, everywhere, no way to locate a point; In addition, the judge questions may be wrong, wrong for the problem asks the most likely place is the lowest, if this question is wrong, is not with the lowest France location Therefore, we try to choose a special and irreplaceable information as keywords to locate (2) The key words synonymous substitutions not know or did not pay attention Some of the questions of the key words in the text will be synonymous substitutions Sometimes we can find right keywords, but replace the words may not know or did not notice For example the keyword in the title of a Road "protect" appears in the replacement of the original word "conservation", to replace the word if you not know this, it is possible to find the problem Or sometimes because of lack of concentration but did not notice keywords replace For instance Sword Ethics in title to a "1900" This year, the synonymous substitutions in the original text is "twentieth century" Many students see the "twentieth century" at once the reaction is from 2000, did not realize was in 1900, so this question may also be missed Therefore, the normal accumulation of words, as well as examination focus is very important 2, positioning of the title wrong If you target the right and the subject is still wrong in general have the following reasons: (1) words The word is a worry to many students a question, a considerable number of students unable to anything to the subject are due to insufficient vocabulary Once a student to ask the meaning of a word, I looked very much a collapse of the "population" Therefore, the IELTS test prior to the accumulation of vocabulary is necessary, the core vocabulary of at least four universities were available (2) ideas If the positioning is correct, there is no problem understanding the word, while the subject is still not done right, it is generally thought problem Questions such as FALSE, and NOT GIVEN to determine the difference between multiple-choice questions to push too far This requires a concrete analysis of specific kinds of questions, focusing on easy to find the wrong kinds of questions for each place, we must sum up their own thinking to problems (3) non-mainstream Error Is also the subject of some students is very wrong somehow, which should not be wrong, but wrong For example the sword in the corresponding article in the title proper way "battlefield (battlefield)" This word, resulting in students to see into "butterflies (butterfly)", then the subject was unable to make out This is mainly examinations too nervous or can not concentrate and are therefore a good test to adjust their mental state is critical The above is subject students normally may be wrong some of the reasons, therefore, we finished Cambridge series of questions must be done after the wrong problem analysis, the subject is not more in the fine IELTS Reading the necessity of attention to new topics Remarks at the candidatesIELTSRead the exam, they often stress that we will go to the classic old topic importance However, in today's become the trend of this era of reform and innovation environment, the candidates in order to achieve a satisfactory result, only to be concerned with an old topic can not guarantee that the candidates have obtained satisfactory results of their own In this article, Longre overseas research center's teacher will speak on the need to focus on new topics as well as conventional forms of new topics to make an analysis in order to help candidates better understand the IELTS reading test a new topic Concerned about the need for a new topic Although some of the "old story" is still repeated in the IELTS exam, but the constant introduction of new topics is IELTS inevitable choice First of all, reduce the number of old topic, new topic in large numbers IELTS reading exam in 2005 before the background of little change in the article, variety is not very rich, old topic visits accounted for a larger proportion of the article Only full-year 2005 study of IELTS into the above topics, there is an old topic of the background However, since 2005, the new theme of the frequency has gradually accelerated To 2008 when the old topic in the IELTS test in the proportion of the year dropped to about two into the new topics are springing up in almost every general examination of them There were even some screening examination three articles are a new topic Such as the 2008's January 10, June 14, July 26 and so on Secondly, the topic of ultra-high frequency appears reduced Prior to 2005, read the article background repetition rate relatively high Take 2004 for example the topic "Seabed exploration ship", "Butterfly Farm", "notes development", "coin development" and other topics appeared two times; "Protection of Forests in Europe" appears three times; "Language Change", "health care", "school violence" , "athlete", "Australia's treatment," and so subject have emerged four times or more In 2005 "campaign with the British adolescent health" appears three times, and in 2004 there have been "submarine exploration ship" in 2005 also appeared times As time goes on, since 2006 onwards, although it will still appear such as "Notes development" like the old topic, but these old topic rarely the same as a lot of times before Kind of like a 2004's four times has been almost impossible to be there Of course, some of the ultra-high frequency prior to the emergence of the subject chosen because of its typical and Cambridge series has become an example of IELTS candidates for the general study of the structure and wording of the topic and the angle of the From the above two points can be clearly seen on the one hand the number of IELTS old topic in a serious reduction in the candidates the chance to see the old topic in the reduced; the other hand, even if there is a old topic, this topic throughout the year in the emergence of frequency can not be too high, basically in two or less Therefore, IELTS pace of new problems emerging is firm and can not be stopped Common topic in the form of a new As a mature language proficiency testing system, the new topic IELTS course, not completely without rules to follow, in this, overseas examination Longre Research Center, the teacher will expand the type and extension of new wine in old bottle common type of these two categories characteristics of the new topic form analysis and pointed out that the candidates respond to these two types of the new topic approach Expansion-type epitaxial This new question is the core content of the reservation on the basis of the original to make a new extension In general, the adjustment is not too large, that is, on the basis of existing knowledge to add some relevant information Energysaving environmental protection, new energy development topics, for example In the December 8, 2007 appeared an article in the British tidal power generation, the main point of content is made to explain tidal devices and relevant content However, in the September 27, 2008, when re-examine this element, then based on "Ocean power generation" forms, introduced the four main methods of marine power generation methods In this way requires candidates to master the content of tidal power generation, while other types of marine power generation have also been know to deal with related articles The following is taken from the "Viking encyclopedia" on the tidal power and ocean thermal energy power generation some background knowledge, Tidal power, Sometimes called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into electricity or other useful forms of power Although not yet widely used, tidal power has potential for future electricity generation Tides are more predictable than wind energy and solar power Historically, tide mills have been used, both in Europe and on the Atlantic coast of North America The earliest occurrences date from the Middle Ages, or even from Roman times Tidal power can be classified into three main types: Tidal stream systems make use of the kinetic energy of moving water to power turbines, in a similar way to windmills that use moving air This method is gaining in popularity because of the lower cost and lower ecological impact compared to barrages.The largest tidal energy is the bay of Fundy Barrages make use of the potential energy in the difference in height (or head) between high and low tides Barrages are essentially dams across the full width of a tidal estuary, and suffer from very high civil infrastructure costs, a worldwide shortage of viable sites , and environmental issues Tidal lagoons, are similar to barrages, but can be constructed as self contained structures, not fully across an estuary, and are claimed to incur much lower cost and impact overall Furthermore they can be configured to generate continuously which is not the case with barrages Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC or OTE) is hydro energy conversion system which uses the temperature difference that exists between deep and shallow waters to run a heat engine As with any heat engine, the greatest efficiency and power is produced with the largest temperature difference This temperature difference generally increases with decreasing latitude , ie near the equator, in the tropics Historically, the main technical challenge of OTEC was to generate significant amounts of power, efficiently, from this very small temperature ratio Changes in efficiency of heat exchange in modern designs allow performance approaching the theoretical maximum efficiency The Earth's oceans are continually heated by the sun and cover nearly 70% of the Earth's surface; this temperature difference contains a vast amount of solar energy which can potentially be harnessed for human use If this extraction could be made cost effective on a large scale , it could provide a source of renewable energy needed to deal with energy shortages, and other energy problems The total energy available is one or two orders of magnitude higher than other ocean energy options such as wave power, but the small magnitude of the temperature difference makes energy extraction comparatively difficult and expensive, due to low thermal efficiency Earlier OTEC systems had an overall efficiency of only to 3% (the theoretical maximum efficiency lies between and 7%) Current designs under review will operate closer to the theoretical maximum efficiency The energy carrier, seawater, is free, although it has an access cost associated with the pumping materials and pump energy costs Although an OTEC plant operates at a low overall efficiency, it can be configured to operate continuously as a Base load power generation system Any thorough Cost-benefit analysis should include these factors to provide an accurate assessment of performance, efficiency, operational and construction costs and returns on investment The concept of a heat engine is very common in thermodynamics engineering, and much of the energy used by humans passes through a heat engine A heat engine is a thermodynamic device placed between a high temperature reservoir and a low temperature reservoir As heat flows from one to the other, the engine converts some of the heat energy to work energy This principle is used in steam turbines and internal combustion engines, while refrigerators reverse the direction of flow of both the heat and work energy Rather than using heat energy from the burning of fuel, OTEC power draws on temperature differences caused by the sun's warming of the ocean surface The only heat cycle suitable for OTEC, is the Rankine cycle, using a lowpressure turbine Systems may be either closed-cycle or open-cycle Closedcycle engines use working fluids that are typically thought of as refrigerants such as ammonia or R-134a Open-cycle engines use the water heat source as the working fluid Candidates in the pro forma process should focus on a core content as much as possible to understand the relevant extension information, so as to ensure that when the examination of such new problems encountered can also be its capability New wine in old bottle-type This new topic is rather confusing, often difficult to identify the candidates would be mistaken to classify them as an old topic category But in fact this topic just as new wine in old bottles, like the bottle on the surface, is really the content has long been a variety of We Take the ants, the IELTS biological category "star animals", for example It is the article in the IELTS reading test were very high frequency of occurrence Candidates in the pro forma additional background knowledge in the course of time if only a superficial look, the article is about the ants, then surely the same content, without careful study of the Is not true Examine each of the exam will be found that, although ants are about, but the various articles and content point of view expounded is a great different Either describes how ants feeding and digestion, and some ability to introduce farming ants, some introduced ants queue, and some talk about the benefits of ants for fruit trees, of course, from a human point of view on how to catch ants August 8, 2009 examined "The ants of income transfer", mainly related to ants how to transmit information between each other The article also includes how to educate future generations on a variety of ants, including the exchanges between the analyzed and compared to the human and ant difference between the way of education Another, June 14, 2008 appeared the "dinosaurs" chapter Look like the title, candidates will not put this bio as a new topic to come back As early as December 2, 2006 among the examination, candidates will have seen the "monster" of However, read carefully the contents of the article candidates will find that in 2006 the examination is described in the footprints of dinosaurs and the reasons for the huge dinosaur body March 10, 2007 and December inspection of articles and background is similar to 2006 IELTS again in 2008 when the contact time of the dinosaurs, is about a study of dinosaur paleontologist, and his object of study Tyrannosaurus story But in reality, and 06,07 years of the content not the same, so the June 14, 2008 appear in this article related to dinosaurs to the new topic should be grouped to prepare for them Apart from the natural sciences, bio-topic will be "new wine in old bottles" situation, the humanities and social sciences category of articles similar phenomenon also occur In order to "TV addiction" as an example In the July 26, 2008 examinations among TV addicts This article describes the impact of television is very difficult to exclude, analysis of television attracted people tend to be the reason, some scientists have experimentally demonstrate the impact of television on the human body, Some scientists study why people will remember the reason television programs In the April 25, 2009 exams is also a topic of television addiction, the article shows the background are the first people to rely on television, saying that the time spent on television, sleep and work than any of the activities outside the Then about an experiment shows that the longer the time watching television, when the television program stops will feel unhappy about the strong Then talked about another experiment to prove and more people are watching television more easily distracted But also the family to stop watching TV test shows the family a month a series of questions arise Through the above example, I believe that candidates for the IELTS reading exam preparation topics have a more detailed understanding Broad-brush here will not work Only the "slow credit" to be a "Good things take time," the Candidates, when summing up the new title can not be simply to pay attention only to the title, but also for an understanding of the content, or else the title when the meet a similar situation, the candidates are vulnerable to confusion and mistake the new title as the old title Here also like to remind candidates to note that the above examples are from the article to illustrate the contents of this point of view, "new wine in old bottles" means In practice, the process of examination, candidates may not only be met by this article on the topic of background "perpetrating a fraud." Will happen is that the contents of the article examine the background is the same, but the essay exams kinds of questions and point out the title had changed In fact, this is what we often say that the "old text of the new title" situation Candidates in the preparation of IELTS in the process must pay attention to the recent examination of the mainstream kinds of questions, and more kinds of questions related to training, a solid basic skills themselves can not be over-reliance on machines introduced by the kinds of questions, but does not recommend candidates rote answer, because once the an "Old Man the new title," this is the case, rote answers to such behavior it is very absurd ridiculous From the above analysis, a preliminary understanding of IELTS candidates a new topic emerging necessity and common forms of two new topics However, candidates also need to understand is that the new topic of "new", there is always a time-sensitive Emerging topics in 2008 will also soon become "old issue", 'Tickling and Laughter', on January 10, 2008 occurred later, on July 12 the same year again 2009 to January 17, when the investigation into this topic again when the candidates as if they will no longer have to treat this as a new topic of "IKB (Isambard Kingdom Brunel) Shipbuilding" In the January 26, 2008 appears, in the same year by the end of December 13 examinations were inspected again Of course, this time not too long time there and repetition rate should rise to more substantial topics focus on candidates In addition, by 2009 the new topic so far IELTS summary found that they relate to diverse categories, including biology, linguistics, business, astronomy, and so many types May 21 in the first half of "the United States 200 years ago, the achievements of two geologists," June 27 of the 'Voynich Manuscript', on the Yale University library about the mysterious book, which has some special symbols The article lists the different people's views on this book The field of astronomy 'The Formation of Celestial Body' (09 Nian 18) about the different theories of star formation These are some difficulties in the new article, candidates in the pro forma's time to give full attention to relevant background knowledge On the relationship between the words IELTS Reading Often hear the students anxiously but there was nothing to say: "Teacher, I have read the topic, may be why the topic is still difficult to accurately locate the specific location in the text in it." Of course, most students have mastered the subject given by the key word such as: name, location, time, numbers, new words and capital letters until the text to find answers However, the author ignore the layout Moupian to start the process of discussion the most rely on a "liaison officer" - the relationship between words (also known as the signal word), through which the subject can be effectively targeted and search information to quickly lock into the details of the answers, At the same time, it also applies to any of the kinds of questions IELTS reading them Common in the relationship between reading words include: that "causal" relationship between the words, "turning point" of the relationship between the word "more" relationship, as well as the word "parallel" relationship words and so on "Causal relationship" between the word (as a result, result in, result from, lead to, because of, due to, contribute to, owning to, hence, since, accordingly, consequently, therefore, in that, etc.) Two "Turning point" of the relationship between the word (despite, in spite of, but, although, though, while, yet, otherwise, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, etc.) "Comparison" between the word (more, than, less, the least, the most, prefer, equally, likewise, similarly, in comparison, as as, etc.) "Parallel" relationship words (first, second finally, and, or, as well as, one the other, not nor , etc.)