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20001 TOEFL Section One: Listening Comprehension (A) Spend more time working on calculus problems (B) Talk to an advisor about dropping the course (C) Work on the assignment with a classmate (D) Ask the graduate assistant for help (A) She disagrees with the man (B) She doesn't enjoy long speeches (C) She hadn't known how long the speech would be (D) She doesn't have a strong opinion about the speaker (A) Go home to get a book (B) Return a book to the library (C) Pick up a book at the library for the woman (D) Ask the librarian for help in finding a book (A) He makes more money than the woman (B) He's satisfied with his job (C) He had trouble finding a job (D) He doesn't like working outdoors (A) The woman could use his metric ruler (B) He'll finish taking the measurements for the woman (C) The woman's ruler is better than his (D) He's faster at making the conversions than the woman 10 (A) He has already finished his report (B) He hasn't chosen a topic for his report (C) The woman's report is already long enough (D) The woman will have time to finish her report (A) She wants the man to attend the tournament with her (B) The tournament begins next week (C) The man should check with his doctor again (D) She hopes the man will be able to play in the tournament 11 (A) She'll speak to Larry about the problem (B) Larry has apologized to his roommate (C) Larry should find a new roommate (D) Larry's roommate may be partly responsible for the problem 12 (A) The man should take his vacation somewhere else (B) She doesn't know when her semester ends (C) She hasn't called the travel agent yet (D) The man may have to reschedule his trip (A) The advisor has already approved the man's class schedule (B) The man should make an appointment to see his advisor (C) The man should change his course schedule (D) The man should sign the document before leaving 13 (A) She didn't work hard enough on it (B) It wasn't as good as she thought (C) Her professor was pleased with it (D) It was written according to the professor's guidelines (A) She didn't teach class today (B) She noticed that the students didn't their homework (C) She usually assigns homework (D) She usually talks quietly 14 (A) Go to the ballet later in the year (B) Take ballet lessons with his sister (C) Get a schedule of future performances (D) Get a ticket from his sister (A) It started to rain when she was at the beach (B) She'd like the man to go to the beach with her (C) The forecast calls for more rain tomorrow (D) She won't go to the beach tomorrow if it rains 15 (A) Her hotel is located far from the conference center (B) She didn't want to stay at the Gordon (C) The man should consider moving to a different hotel (D) She isn't sure how to get to the conference -1- 24 (A) His house can accommodate a meeting of the entire committee (B) The woman should find out when the meeting starts (C) The meeting should be held at the library (D) A smaller committee should be formed center 16 (A) Few readers agreed with his ideas (B) Very few people have read his article (C) He doesn't expect the article to be published (D) The woman doesn't fully understand the article, 25 (A) She doesn't have time to collect the data (B) She prefers to wait until after the election (C) She needs to decide on a method soon (D) She'll send out the questionnaire in a month 17 (A) He'll go with the woman to the next hockey game (B) He missed the hockey game because he was ill (C) He forgot about the hockey game (D) He doesn't like to go to hockey games 26 (A) He's angry with the woman, (B) He feels sick (C) He doesn't get along well with some people (D) He prefers to study alone 18 (A) Karen can drive to the airport on Tuesday (B) Karen can attend the meeting on Tuesday (C) Karen had to change her plans at the last minute (D) Karen is returning from a trip on Tuesday 27 (A) It provides reading material for people waiting to get in (B) He had to wait a long time for a seat there (C) He wasn't able to find a seat there (D) The seats used there are uncomfortable 19 (A) Call her after five (B) Make calls from her phone (C) Go to the meeting with her (D) Fix her phone 28 (A) Students still have time to apply for a loan (B) Students must wait until next month to submit loan applications (C) The woman should find out whether her loan application was accepted (D) The woman should ask for an extension on the application deadline 20 (A) Look for more information for their financial plan (B) Ask for more time to finish their financial plan (C) Finish their financial plan with the material available to them (D) Turn in their financial plan late 29 (A) The casserole usually contains fewer vegetables (B) She wishes she hadn't ordered the casserole (C) The cafeteria usually uses canned vegetables (D) She doesn't usually eat in the cafeteria, 21 (A) He doesn't want to drive anymore (B) The road to Bridgeport just opened (C) It doesn't take long to get to Bridgeport (D) He has memorized every part of the drive 22 (A) She doesn't have time to work in a garden (B) She'll consider the man's invitation (C) She doesn't want to join a gardening club (D) She was never formally invited to join a gardening club 30 (A) Stay in the dormitory (B) Find out the cost of living in the dormitory (C) Ask for a reduction in her rent (D) Move into an apartment with a roommate 31 (A) They're classmates (B) They're roommates (C) They're cousins (D) They're lab partners 23 (A) She's enjoying the music (B) The music will keep her awake (C) The music doesn't bother her (D) She would prefer a different style of music 32 (A) He couldn't decide on a topic for his -2- paper (B) He thought his paper was late (C) He hadn't heard from his family in a while (D) He thought the woman had been ill (C) It's familiar to most audiences in the United States (D) The students heard it performed in New York City 33 (A) To find their way back to the nest (B) To locate plant fibers (C) To identify kinds of honey (D) To identify relatives 41 (A) The director is of African ancestry (B) The director wanted the songs in the Broadway version to be identical to the songs in the film (C) The Broadway version was first performed in Africa (D) The story takes place in Africa 34 (A) Visit his parents (B) Write a paper (C) Observe how bees build nests (D) Plan a family reunion 42 (A) A type of music that originated in Indonesia (B) The meaning of non-English words used in a song (C) The plot of The Lion King (D) Popular rock and jazz music performed in 35 (A) An alternative use of fuel oil (B) A way to make fuel oil less polluting (C) A new method for locating underground oil (D) A new source of fuel oil 43 (A) How ancient philosophers measured the distance between heavenly bodies (B) How ancient philosophers explained the cause of an eclipse of the Moon (C) Why ancient philosophers thought the Earth was a sphere (D) Why ancient philosophers thought the Earth moved around the Sun 36 (A) She was doing research for a paper on it, (B) She read a newspaper article about it (C) She was told about it by her roommate (D) She heard about it in class 37 (A) To produce a gas containing carbon and hydrogen (B) To remove impurities from methanol (C) To heat the reactors (D) To prevent dangerous gases from forming 44 (A) How the natural world was described in Greek mythology (B) What they observed directly (C) The writings of philosophers from other societies (D) Measurements made with scientific instruments 38 (A) It hasn't been fully tested (B) It's quite expensive (C) It uses up scarce minerals (D) The gas it produces is harmful to the environment 45 (A) They noticed an apparent change in the position of the North Star (B) They observed eclipses at different times of the year (C) They were the first to estimate the distance between heavenly bodies (D) They wanted to prove that the Earth was flat 39 (A) The influence of European popular music on non-Western music (B) The musical background of the director of the Broadway version of The Lion King (C) The types of music used in the Broadway version of The Lion King (D) Differences between the music of the film version and the Broadway version of The Lion King 46 (A) A place for making astronomical observations (B) An instrument used for observing stars (C) A unit of measurement (D) The North Star 40 (A) It was performed by the Zulu people of South Africa (B) It developed outside the musical traditions of Europe 47 (A) One of the students asked him about it in -3- the previous class (B) He read about it the previous day (C) He had just read Dr Frederick Cock's travel log (D) The students were required to read about it for that day's class 49 (A) They talked to one of Peary's companions (B) They interviewed Peary (C) They conducted a computer analysis of photographs (D) They examined Peary's navigation tools, 48 (A) That Peary bad announced his success prematurely (B) That the investigation of Peary's expedition wasn't thorough (C) That Peary wasn't an experienced explorer (D) That he had reached the pole before Peary did 50 (A) Dr Cook's expedition (B) The conclusions of the Navigation Foundation (C) Exploration of the Equator (D) Exploration of the South Pole Section Two: Structure and Written Expression Protein digestion begins in the stomach ends in the small intestine (A) while (B) and (C) how (D) because Amanda Way's career as a social reformer in 1851 when, at an antislavery meeting in Indiana, she called for a state woman's rights convention (A) begin (B) began (C) have begun (D) to have begun When natural gas burns, its _ into atoms of carbon and hydrogen (A) hydrocarbon molecules, breaking up (B) broke up by hydrocarbon molecules (C) hydrocarbon molecules break up (D) broken up hydrocarbon molecules The celesta, an orchestral percussion instrument, resembles _ (A) a small upright piano (B) how a small upright piano (C) a small upright piano is (D) as a small upright piano _ ballet dancers learn five basic positions for the arms and feet (A) All of (B) Of every (C) All (D) Every Thomas Paine, _, wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet that identified the American colonies with the cause of liberty (A) writer of eloquent (B) whose eloquent writing (C) an eloquent writer (D) writing eloquent Some colonies of bryozoans, small marine animals, form _with trailing stems (A) creeping colonies (B) which colonies creep (C) creeping colonies are (D) colonies creep Although beavers rarely remain submerged for more than two minutes, they can stay underwater _fifteen minutes before having to surface for air (A) as long (B) as long as (C) so long (D) so long that Ruth Bader Ginsburg argued six women's rights cases before the United States Supreme Court in the 1970's, (A) of five winning them (B) five winning of them (C) of them five winning -4- (D) winning five of them (D) that not 10 Natural selection is defined as the process _the course of evolution by preserving those traits best adapted for an organism's survival (A) to which directs (B) of which directs it (C) directs it (D) that directs 13 is rooted in experiments in iron and steel conducted in the nineteenth century (A) While the history of twentieth-century architecture (B) The history of twentieth-century architecture (C) That the history of twentieth-century architecture (D) Both twentieth-century architecture and its history 11 363 miles between the cities of Albany and Buffalo in New York State, the Eric Canal helped link the Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes (A) The extension of (B) The extension (C) Extending (D) Extends 14.The primary source of energy for tropical cyclones is the latent heat released when (A) does water vapor condense (B) condensed water vapor (C) water vapor condenses (D) the condensation of water vapor 15 Manufacturing is Canada's most important economic activity, 17 percent of the workforce (A) engages (B) and to engage (C) that it engage (D) engaging 12.The chief sources of B12,a water-soluble vitamin stored in the body, include meat, milk and eggs (A) is not (B) that is not (C) not that is 16 The outer layer of the heart, called the pericardium, forms a sac in what the A B C D heart lies 17 Wood from the ash tree becomes extremely flexibly when it is exposed to steam A C D 18 The ability to talk is one of the skill that make humans different from the A B C rest of the animal world D 19 In plane geometry, the sum of the internal angles of any triangle A B C has always equal to 180 degrees D 20 Polar bears are bowlegged and pigeon-toed, adaptations that enable this A B massive animals to maintain their balance as they walk C 21 Caves are formed by the chemical or action mechanical of water on soluble B D A B rock, by volcanic activity, and by earthquakes C D 22 Celery, an edible plant is having long stalks topped with feathery leaves, A B grows best in cool weather D 23 The first fiction writer in the United States to achieve international fame A B was Washington Irving, who wrote many stories, included " Rip Van Winkle" and C C D "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" 24 Three fundamental aspects of forest conversation are the protection of A immature trees, the use of proper harvesting methods, and provide for an B C environment that supports reproduction D 25 For each enzyme reaction there is an optimum temperature which maximum A B C efficiency is achieved D 26 Adolescence is a transitional stage in human development from the beginning A B of puberty to the attainment of the emotion, social, and physical maturity of C adulthood D 27 The people native to the northwest coast of North American have long A be known for wood carvings of stunning beauty and extraordinary quality B C D 28 Colonial efforts to manufacture glass at Jamestown and later attempts A B near Philadelphia and Boston -failed despite the abundant of fuel and good raw C materials D 29 The orbit of a celestial body is usually in the shape of ellipse A B C D 30 Chicago is the third largest publishing center in the United States, A B C exceeding only by New York City and San Francisco D 31 North American bison differ from domestic cattle in have 14 rather than 13 A B C D pairs of ribs 32 Female sea turtles, before laying her eggs, swim as much as 2,000 kilometers A B to return to the beaches where they themselves were hatched C D 33 Water is the only substance that occur at ordinary temperatures in all three A B C states of matter: solid, liquid and gas D 34 Despite the growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy A B of the state of Texas has remained heavily dependence on oil and gas C D 35 Lyndon B Johnson was the only United States President who oath of office was A B C administered by a woman Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes D 36 It took more than fourteen years to carve the faces of four United States A B C Presidents into the granite cliffs to Mount Rushmore, South Dakota D 37.Charles Bullfinch was the architect who design the original red brick core of A B C the State House in Boston D 38.Rarely has a technological development had as great an impact on as much A B aspects of social, economic, and cultural development as the growth of C D electronics 39 Lowell, Massachusetts, known as the "Spindle City" since 1822 when its first A B textile mills were built, attracted worldwide attention as textile center C D 40.Strange Victory, Sara Teas dale's smallest and most perfect collection A B of poems, appear in print in 1933 C D Section Three: Reading Comprehension Questions 1-10 As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as line fanners from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, (5) vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar The next year the Callowhill Market began operation Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in (10) Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to would-be buyers in the city Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade Because of the (15) competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants' side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in (20) addition to general stores selling a variety of goods One of the reasons Philadelphia's merchants generally prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the (25) capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Philadelphia's agriculture importance (B) Philadelphia's development as a marketing center (C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia (D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia (D) region It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because (A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets (B) the High Street Market was forced to close (C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population (D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms The word "persisted" in line is closest in meaning to (A) returned (B) started (C) declined (D) continued The word "it" in line refers to (A) the crowded city (B) a radius (C) the High Street Market (D) the period According to the passage, fairs in Philadelphia were held (A) on the same day as market says (B) as often as possible (C) a couple of times a year (D) whenever the government allowed it The word "hinterland " in line is closest in meaning to (A) tradition (B) association (C) produce 17 that "economic development was on the merchants' side "? (A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion (B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper (C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence (D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economically successful It can be inferred that the author mentions "Linens and stockings" in line 12 to show that they were items that (A) retail merchants were not willing to sell (B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia (C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia (D) could easily be transported The word "eradicate" in line 16 is closest in meaning to (A) eliminate (B) exploit (C) organize (D) operate 10 The word "undergoing" in line 22 is closest in meaning to (A) requesting (B) experiencing (C) repeating (D) including What does the author mean by stating in line Questions 11-22 Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates line When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the (5) nest are controlled naturally Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material (10) Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment (15) In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors (20) to use as nests in which to place eggs In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive Similarly, these boxes should be protected from (25) direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest 11 What is the main idea of the passage? (A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment (B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs (C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal eggshell nest box for parrots (D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation 17 The word "suspend" in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) build (B) paint (C)hang (D) move 12 The word "They" in line refers to (A) aviculturists (B)birds (C)eggs (D) rates 18 The word "fatal" in line 25 is closest in meaning to (A) close (B) deadly (C) natural (D) hot 13 According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then (A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation (B) the embryo will not develop normally (C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position (D) the incubation process is slowed down 19 The word "secure" in line 27 is closest in meaning to (A) fiesh (B)diy (C)safe (D)warm 14 According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to (A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick (B) hold the nest together (C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest (D) make the nest bigger 20 According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides (A) a constant source of humidity (B) a strong nest box (C) more room for newly hatched chicks (D) protection against cold weather 15 According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to (A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest (B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest (C) keep the nest in a clean condition (D) touch the bottom of the eggs 21 Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators? (A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors (B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly (C) They not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does (D) They are expensive to operate 16 All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT (A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest (B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest (C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell (D) maintaining a constant temperature on the 22 Which of the following terms is defined in the passage? (A) Aviculturists (line I) (B) Gradient (line 8) (C) Incubation (line 15) (D) Embryo (line 24) Questions 23-33 The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to large boulders The most abundant particles—sand, silt, and clay—are the focus of examination in studies of soil texture Texture is the term used to describe the line composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls 10 giaciers (C) Surge glaciers help to support Antarctic ice shelves (D) Normal glaciers have little effect on Earth’s climate 40.Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? (A) The movement of surge glaciers can be prevented (B) The next ice age could be caused by surge Question 40-50 According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents In other cases, line such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although (5) there is no formal process of selection In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; (10) rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion (15) of tasks by a social group Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done.” Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them Group members (20) expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to (25) others in the group They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor ,and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a mote distant respect 12 leaders generally focus on (A) ensuring harmonious relationships (B) sharing responsibility with group members (C) identifying new leaders (D) achieving a goal 41.What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The problems faced by leaders (B) How leadership differs in small and large groups (C) How social groups determine who will lead them (D) The role of leaders in social groups 46.The word “collective” in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) necessary (B) typical (C) group (D) particular 42 The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT (A) recruitment (B) formal election process (C) specific leadership training (D) traditional cultural patterns 47.The word “them” in line 19 refers to (A) expressive leaders (B) goals of the group (C) group members (D) tension and conflict 43 In mentioning “natural leaders” in lines 8-9, the author is making the point that (A) few people qualify as “natural leaders” (B) there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist (C) “natural leaders’ are easily accepted by the members of a social group (D) “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics 48 A “secondary relationship” mentioned in line 22 between a leader and the members of a group could best be characterized as (A) distant (B) enthusiastic (C) unreliable (D) personal 44.Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2? (A) A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group (B) Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person (C) A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership (D) Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications 49.The word “resolve” in line 27 is closest in meaning to (A) avoid repeating (B) talk about (C) avoid thinking about (D) find a solution for 50 Paragraphs and organize the discussion of leadership primarily in term of (A) examples that illustrate a problem (B) cause and effect analysis (C) narration of events (D) comparison and contrast 45.The passage indicates that instrumental 1、BBDBD ACACB DABCC BDAAD CBBDC CADBD DADCB CAACC CDACD BBACB 2、DBBDB CBDAD CCCAA ADCCD BCABD CCDDB CAADC ADDAC 3、DDCCB CADAB BBDBC CCDAA CBBAA BCBAB DBDBD AACBB DCBAD CCADD 13 20008 TOEFL Section One: Listening Comprehension (C) She won’t be able to go to a movie with the man (D) She’d like the man to help her with her research paper (A) She doesn’t think the shirt comes in a bigger size (B) She thinks shirt will fit the man (C) A checked shirt won’t look good on the man (D) The bigger sizes are more expensive 10 (A) He prefers to work part time (B) He wants to change his class schedule (C) He’s having a difficult time finding a part-time job (D) He doesn’t want to work on campus (A) She expects the man to have it (B) She’s angry with the man for forgetting it (C) She doesn’t know where it is (D) She’d like the man to return it by tonight (A) She didn’t buy the ticket (B) The ticket was expensive (C) She doesn’t know how much the ticket cost (D) There are still a few tickets left 11 (A) She doesn’t think it will snow (B) The location of the session has been changed (C) The session might be canceled (D) She’ll probably be too tired to walk to the session (A) Eat a bigger breakfast (B) Make time for lunch in her schedule (C) Take only morning classes next semester (D) Change her schedule after she eats lunch 12 (A) Use bleach on his socks (B) Buy new white socks (C) Wash his red T-shirt again (D) Throw away his pink socks (A) He’s quitting the band for academic reasons (B) He didn’t enjoy being a member of the band (C) He’s getting academic credit for being in the band (D) He’s taking time off from his studies to join the band 13 (A) He hasn’t talked to his brother since he transferred (B) He doesn’t think his brother should transfer (C) His brother doesn’t want to transfer (D) He hadn’t heard the news about his brother 14 (A) Which seminar the woman wants to sign up for (B) If the woman keeps money at the bank (C) Where the woman learned about the seminar (D) If the woman has taken other classes on personal finances (A) His suit is too old to wear (B) He doesn’t want to buy new clothes (C) He doesn’t want to wear a suit (D) He’ll go shopping with the woman (A) Calculate the bill again (B) Refuse to pay the bill (C) He doesn’t want to wear a suit (D) He’ll go shopping with the woman (A) Sara rarely makes mistakes (B) Sara usually says what she thinks (C) Sara’s boss is hard to work with (D) The secretary wasn’t hard worker 15 (A) He’s used to cold weather (B) He expected the weather to be warmer over the weekend (C) He has never liked the weather in October (D) He didn’t see the forecast for the weekend (A) She’d prefer to see a different type of movie than a comedy (B) She has already finished her research paper 16 (A) Leave the art exhibit (B) Help the man understand the display (C) Take the artwork down (D) Call the museum director -1- 26 (A) She doesn’t speak Spanish very well (B) She doesn’t have to study a foreign language (C) She performed poorly on a recent Spanish test (D) She doesn’t remember living in Mexico 17 (A) He thinks he’s very organized (B) He doesn’t want to join the display (C) He doesn’t think he should lead the study group (D) He knows someone who can lead the study group 18 (A) He doesn’t know where his brother keeps his computer (B) The woman should buy a used computer (C) He doesn’t know how much computers cost (D) His brother paid too much for the computer 19 (A) It’s been to warm to wear the jacket (B) The jacket is too big for him (C) He doesn’t like cold weather (D) He didn’t buy the jacket until cooler weather arrived 27 (A) He’s taking the next train to Philadelphia (B) He has an extra train schedule (C) He missed his train (D) He’s familiar with the train station 28 (A) He’d like the woman to take his picture (B) He’d like to borrow the woman’s camera this weekend (C) His camera takes better pictures than the woman’s camera (D) His camera is smaller than the woman’s camera 29 (A) Ask Professor Bell to help the club (B) Introduce the woman to Professor Bell (C) Write an article about Professor Bell’s interests (D) Find out which biology classes Professor Bell teaches 20 (A) He started the semester in a bad mood (B) He’s not usually bad-tempered (C) He has few responsibilities (D) He doesn’t like the man 21 (A) He forgot to cancel the reservation (B) They can go to the restaurant after the woman has finished working (C) He has to work late tonight (D) They don’t have a reservation at the restaurant 30 (A) She wasn’t wearing a scarf when she arrived (B) She’ll help the man look for his scarf (C) She likes the color the man’s scarf (D) The man didn’t take her scarf 22 (A) Watch a TV program related to his project (B) Think about taking a less advanced sociology class (C) Finish his project as soon as possible (D) Reconsider his decision to interview so many people 31 (A) A concert the woman attended (B) The man’s collection of CD’s (C) A new software programs (D) An instrument the woman is learning to play 32 (A) She lost one of his CD’s (B) She didn’t invite him to the concert (C) She missed class (D) She forgot about a meeting 23 (A) Try on a smaller sweater (B) Look for another style at a different store (C) Give the sweater away as a gift (D) Exchange the sweater for a bigger one 33 (A) It does not need to be turned (B) It has two sets of strings (C) Its pitch is exceptionally high (D) It is played with the hands and feet 24 (A) She plans to send a package to Canada (B) She doesn’t know the postage for a package to Australia (C) She has relatives in Australia (D) She’ll help the man wrap the package 34 (A) A baritone (B) Some CD’S (C) A computer program (D) His class notes 25 (A) Send back his food (B) Compliment the waiter on the food (C) Tell the waiter about the mistake (D) Order something else 35 (A) The woman’s house (B) The concert (B)They make them as a hobby (C)They use them on their farms (C) The club meeting (D) The music shop 44 (A)How insects breed in extreme desert temperatures (B)Different types of beetles (C)They send them to museums (D)How beetles can defeat a plant’s defense system 36 (A) How rocks are eroded (B) How sediment hardens into rock (C) How flood plains develop (D) How minerals are extracted from rock 37 (A)How rocks are eroded (B)How strata are formed in rock (C)Why flooding makes geological investigations difficult (D)Which minerals can be found in rock 38 (A)The deposits aren’t made of organic material (B)The deposits aren’t found everywhere in the world (C).The deposits harden under conditions of heat and pressure (D)The deposits don’t form at regular time invervals 45 (A)Its resin isn’t poisonous (B)It can shoot its resin a great distance (C)It leaves have no veins (D)It doesn’t need much water to grow well 46 (A)By severing the veins that carry the poison (B)By eating only the stem of the plant (C)By changing the plant’s chemistry (D)By eating only at night 47 (A)Their literary value (B)The debate over who wrote them (C)The time period in which they were written (D)Why they are still popular today 39 (A) Where fossils are most commonly found (B) How a geological discovery was made (C).Why rivers flood (D)The differences between two geological periods 48 (A)The Iliad was written after the Odyssey (B)The first European poems weren’t written in Greek (C)The poet called Homer wrote the Iliad but not the Odyssey (D)The poet called Homer never existed 40 (A) A museum exhibition of African baskets (B) Changes in basket-weaving (C) Differences between African and American baskets (D)The development of basket weaving in one town 49 (A)The portrayal of the characters in the poems (B)Archaeological findings in Greece (C)Research conducted by Milman Parry (D)Claims made by ancient Greed authors about the poems 41 (A)Their mothers taught them (B)They traveled to Africa (C)They learned in school (D)They taught themselves 50 (A) Other poems written by Homer (B) A comparison of modern versus ancient Creekpoetry (C) A twentieth-century scholar’s conclusions about Homer (D)Poetry by Milman Parry 42 (A)Fruit baskets (B)Work baskets (C)Baby cradles (D)Clothes baskets 43 (A)They sell them as a hobby Section Two Structure and Written Expression The gray scale, a progressive series of shades ranging from black to white, is used in computer graphics detail to graphical images (A) added (B) to add (C) are added (D) and add features children who make - about life (A) funny, wise statements that (B) which funny, wise statements (C) statements are funny but wise (D) funny but wise statements By excluding competition from an industry, governments have often created public service monopolies (A) they adopt laws (B) laws are adopted (C) adopting laws (D) having laws adopt 10 One of the major rivers of the western United States, flows for some 1,500 miles from Colorado to northwestern Mexico (A) it is the Colorado River (B) the Colorado River which (C) and the Colorado River (D) the Colorado River skeleton of an insect is on the outside of its body (A) Its (B) That the (C) There is a (D) The 11 In art, the tendency of gouache colors to lighten on drying makes a wide range of pearly or pastel-like effects (A) it is possible (B) possible (C) possible to be (D) it possible the Lenses, are used to correct imperfections in eyesight (A) are the forms of glasses and contact lenses (B) in the form of glasses and contact lenses (C) glasses and contact lenses which form (D) glasses and contact lenses may be formed 12 Isabel Bishop was one of many American artists by the government during the Depression years on various federal art projects (A) employed (B) whose employment (C) to employ (D) had been employed In eighteenth-century North America, printed engravings provided of rococo style (A) the most manifestation widespread (B) manifestation widespread the most (C) the widespread manifestation most (D) the most widespread manifestation In the Arctic tundra, ice fog may form under clear skies in winter, coastal fogs or low status clouds are common in summer (A) because of (B) whereas (C) despite (D) that 13 Outbreaks of diseases in trees commonly occur stressed because of drought or other environmental factors (A) as forests that become (B) in forests become (C) that become forests (D) when forests become On attaining maximum size, by drawing itself out and dividing into two daughter amoebas, each receiving identical nuclear materials (A) the reproduction of the amoeba (B) the amoeba, which reproduces (C) reproducing the amoeba (D) the amoeba reproduces 14 To break thick ice, an icebreaker boat moves fast enough to ride up on the ice, under its weight (A) so then breaks (B) when breaks it (C) which then breaks (D) for which then breaks 15 Cholesterol is present in large quantities in the nervous system, where compound of myelin (A) it a (B) a (C) being a (D) it is a For the advertiser, one of the greatest appeals of radio is an audience all day long (A) that it has (B) that to have (C) to have it (D) having it Charles Schulz’s comic strip, “Peanuts,” 16 Painters of the early twentieth century who were known primarily for they colorful landscapes, the A B C Group of Seven changed is name to the Canadian Group of Painters in 1933 D 17 Most animals have nervous systems, sense organs, and specialized modes of locomotion, and are A B C capable of securing ingesting, and to digest food D 18 The cork oak tree has a layer of cork several inches thickness that can be stripped every ten years A B C D 19 Inflation, interest rates, and overall economic active can be governed by the United States Federal A B C Reserve’s decision to adjust the supply of money to the economy D 20 Free radicals of oxygen, which common by-products of metabolic processes in the body, are capable A B C D of causing tissue damage 21 By 1830 the glass industry in the United States had become too well established that the country no A B C longer needed to depend on imported glass D 22 Free land, cheaply transportation, and powerfully persuasive railroad advertising all helped flood the A B western part of the United States with farmers in the nineteenth century C D 23 Coral formations have known as fringing reefs are located close to shore, separated from land only A B C by shallow water D 24 For a seagoing, cargo-carrying sailing vessels, the clipper ship was remarkably fast A B C D 25 Visibly only through large telescopes, Pluto has a yellowish color, which indicates that there is very A B C little atmosphere D 26 Diamond is the hardest known substance, so diamonds can be cut only by another diamonds A B C D 27.The International Monetary Fund was created in a effort to stabilize exchange rates without A B interfering with the healthy growth of trade C D 28 Butterflies and moths undergo complete metamorphosis, them changing from caterpillar to adult via A B C one intermediate stage, the pupa D 29 Thousands of meteorite hit Earth each year, but most fall into the sea or in remote areas and are never A B C D recovered 30 Alaska became the forty-ninth state in 1959, and Hawaii became the fiftieth state lately that year A B C D 31 A sponge feeds itself by drawing water through tiny pores on its surface, filtering out food particles, A B and then expel the water through larger vents C D 32 Toward the end of his life, john Singer Sargent returned to the painting of landscapes and the use of A B C watercolors, of which he excelled D 33 Pythons differ than most other snakes by having two well-developed lungs rather than a much A B C smaller left lung or no left lung at all D 34 Weighing among two to five kilograms in adults, the skin is the largest organ of the human body A B C D 35 Rodents dwell in various habitat, some species being aquatic, some terrestrial A B C D 36 The nectar of flowers are ingested by worker bees and converted to honey in special sacs in their A B C D digestive systems 37 Lucid dreaming, the ability dreamers to become aware of and to control their dreams while A B C dreaming, is the focus of some current psychological research D 38 The sensation of sound is produced how vibrations transmitted through the air strike the eardrum A B C D 39 The musical tone of an electric guitar is created not by the resonance of the body of the guitar but by A B C electronically amplification D 40 Considered one of the most beautiful of the fine art, ballet is a combination of dance and mime A B C performed to music D BCDBD BDADD BADCD CDBCA BAABA DBBAD CDABB AACDB Section Three: Reading Comprehension Questions 1-8 Prehistoric mammoths have been preserved in the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea (Brea is the Spanish word for tar) in what now the heart of Los Angeles, California These tar pits have been known for centuries and were formerly mined for their natural Line asphalt, a black or brown petroleum-like substance Thousands of tons were extracted (5) before 1875, when undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site The tar pits were found to contain the remains of scores of species of animals from the last 30,000 years of the Ice Age Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from (10) invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses The creatures found range form insects and birds to giant ground sloth’s, but a total of 17 proboscides (animal with a proboscis or long nose)- including mastodons and Columbian mammoths- have been recovered, most of them from Pit 9, the deepest bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914 Most of the fossils date to between (15) 40,000 and 10,000 years ago The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust Unwary animals would become trapped on these thin sheets of liquid asphalt, which are extremely sticky in warm weather Stuck, the unfortunate beasts would die of exhaustion and (20) hunger or fall prey to predators that often also became stuck As the animals decayed, more scavengers would be attracted and caught in their turn Carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores in the collection: for every large herbivore, there is one saber-tooth cat, a coyote, and four wolves The fact that some bones are heavily weathered shows that some bodies remained above the surface for weeks or (25) months Bacteria in the asphalt would have consumed some of the tissues other than bones, and the asphalt itself would dissolve what was left, at the same time impregnating and beautifully preserving the saturated bones, rendering then dark brown and shiny 1.What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the passage mainly discuss? (A)The amount of asphalt that was mined there (B) The chemical and biological interactions between asphalt and animals (C) The fossil remains that have been found there (D) Scientific methods of determining the age of tar pits The word “them” in line 13 refers to (A) insects (B) birds (C) cloths (D) proboscideans How many probosicdeans have been found at the La Brea tar pits? (A) (B) 17 (C) 1.5 million (D) 2.5 million In using the phrase “the heart of Los Angeles” in line 2, the author is talking about the city’s (A) beautiful design (B) central area (C) basic needs (D) supplies of natural asphalt The word “concealed” in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) highlighted (B) covered (C) transformed (D) contaminated 8.Why does the author mention animals such as coyotes and wolves in paragraph 4? (A) To give examples of animals that are classified as carnivores (B) To specify the animals found least commonly at La Brea (C) To argue that these animals were especially likely to avoid extinction (D) To define the term “scavengers” The word “noticed” in line closest in meaning to (A) predicted (B) announced (C) corrected (D) observed The word “tangled” in line 10 is closest in meaning to (A) buried beneath (B) twisted together (C) quickly formed (D) easily dated Questions 9-19 The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present] (Line) urban structure In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed (5) to mature urbanism’s in little more than a century In the early colonial day in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada This was natural because these areas were nearest England and France, particularly England, from which (10 ) most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities (15) increased in importance This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns The plantations (20) maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day In face, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have it front on a water highway When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single (25) city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865) (D) a favorable climate What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe (B) The evolution of cities in North America (C) Trade between North American and European cities (D)The effects of the United Sates’ independence on urban growth in New England 10 The word “they” in line refers to (A) North American colonies (B) cities (C) centuries (D) town economies 14 The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of the following for shipment to Europe? (A) Manufacturing equipment (B) Capital goods (C) Consumer goods (D) Raw materials 15 According to the passage, all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the growth of southern cities EXCEPT the (A) location of the plantations (B) access of plantation owners to shipping (C) relationships between plantation residents and city residents (D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantation 11 The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the following? (A) Their economic success (B) The type of merchandise they exported (C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements (D)The pace of their development 16 It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern, cities, most southern cities were (A) imagined (B) discovered (C) documented (D)planned 12.The Word “accordingly” in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) as usual (B) in contrast (C) to some degree (D)for that reason 17 The word “recorded” in line 26 is closest in meaning to (A) imagined (B) discovered (C) documented (D) planned 13 According to the passage, early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of North America due to (A) an abundance of natural resources (B) financial support from colonial governments (C) proximity to parts of Europe 18.The word “drawing” in line 27 is closest in time of (A) significant obstacles to industrial growth (B) decreased dependence on foreign trade (C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms (D) increased migration from northern states to southern states meaning to (A) attracting (B) employing (C) instructing (D) representing 19 The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line28-29) because it was a Questions 20-28 During the second half of the nineteenth century, the production of food and feed crops in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid rate.Com production increased by four and a half times, hay by five times, oats and wheat by seven times The most crucial factor Line behind this phenomenal upsurge in productivity was the widespread adoption of (5) labor-saving machinery by northern farmers By 1850 horse-drawn reaping machines that cut grain were being introduced into the major grain-growing regions of the country Horse-powered threshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in general use However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture With much of the labor force (10) inducted into the army and with grain prices on the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail themselves of the new labor-saving equipment In 1860 there were approximately 80,000 reapers in the country; five years later there were 350,000 After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important in northern agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced By 1880 a self-binding (15) reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain, but also gathered the stalks and bound them with twine Threshing machines were also being improved and enlarged, and after 1870 they were increasingly powered by steam engines rather than by horses Since steam-powered threshing machines were costly items-running from $ 1,000 to $4,000 -they were usually owned by custom thresher owners who then worked their way from (20) farm to farm during the harvest season “Combines” were also coming into use on the great wheat ranches in California and the Pacific Northwest These ponderous machines —sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses – reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it, all in one simultaneous operation The adoption of labor-saving machinery had a profound effect upon the sale of (25) agricultural operations in the northern states-allowing farmers to increase vastly their crop acreage By the end of century, a farmer employing the new machinery could plant and harvest two and half times as much corn as a farmer had using hand methods 50 years before (B) Returning laborers replaced the use of machinery (C) The use of farm machinery continued to increase (D) Poor-quality machinery slowed the pace of crop production 20 What aspect of farming in the United States in the nineteenth century does the Passage mainly discuss? (A) How labor-saving machinery increased crop Production (B) Why southern farms were not as successful as Successful as northern farms (C) Farming practices before the Civil War (D) The increase in the number of people farming 25.Combines and self-binding reapers were similar because each (A) could perform more than one function (B) required relatively little power to operate (C) was utilized mainly in California (D) required two people to operate 21.The word “crucial” in line is closest in meaning to (A) obvious (B) unbelievable (C) important (D) desirable 26.The word “they” in line 17 refers to (A) grain stalks (B) threshing machines (C) steam engines (D) horses 22.The phrase “avail themselves” in lines 10-11 is closest in meaning to (A) take care (B) make use (C) get rid (D) more 27 It can be inferred from the passage that most farmers did not own threshing machines because (A) farmers did not know how to use the new machines (B) farmers had no space to keep the machines (C) thresher owner had chance to buy the machines before farmers did (D) the machines were too expensive for every farmer to own 23 According to the passage, why was the Civil War a stimulus for mechanization? (A) The army needed more grain in order to feed the soldiers (B) Technology developed for the war could also the used by farmers (C) It was hoped that harvesting more grain would lower the price of grain (D) Machines were needed to replace a disappearing labor force 28.The word “ponderous” in line 21 is closest in meaning to (A) Advanced (B) heavy (C) complex (D) rapid 24.The passage supports which of the following statements about machinery after the Civil War? (A) Many farmers preferred not to use the new machinery Questions 29-39 The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a highly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of (5) the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world In a division of labor similar to that of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed the catch Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mussels, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children The maritime (10) life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men Of particular importance for the native tool than did the fish gathered by the men Of particular made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells 10 (15) The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men They cleaned the fish, and dried vast quantities of them for the winter They sun-dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat, (20) and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long trips The women also made a cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by (25) burying it in wooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree leaves (D) It provided a form of social organization that was found mainly among coastal peoples 29 Which aspect of the lives of the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Methods of food preservation (B) How diet was restricted by the environment (C) The contributions of women to the food supply (D) Difficulties in establishing successful farms 34 The word “abundant” in line is closest in meaning to (A) prosperous (B) plentiful (C) acceptable (D) fundamental 30.The word “unique” in line is closest in meaning to (A) comprehensible (B) productive (C) intentional (D) particular 35 All of the following are true of the north Pacific coast women EXCEPT that they (A) were more likely to catch shellfish than other kinds of fish (B) contributed more materials for tool making than the men did (C) sometimes searched for food far inland from the coast (D) prepared and preserved the fish 31.The word “attained” in line is closest in meaning to (A) achieved (B) modified (C) demanded (D) spread 36 The word “They” in line 16 refers to (A) women (B) tools (C) mammals (D) men 32 It can be inferred from paragraph that the social organization of many agricultural peoples is (A) more complex than that of hunters and foragers (B) less efficient than that of hunters and foragers (C) more widespread than that of hunters and foragers (D) better documented than that of hunters and foragers 37 The Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast used smokehouses in order to (A) store utensils used in food preparation (B) prevent fish and shellfish from spoiling (C) have a place to store fish and shellfish (D) prepare elaborate meals 38 The wore “peculiar” in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) strange (B) distinctive (C) appealing (D) biological 33 According to the passage, what is true of the “division of labor” mentioned in line 5? (A) It was first developed by Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast (B) It rarely existed among hunting (C) It was a structure that the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast shared with many other peoples 39 All of following are true of the cheese-like substance mentioned in paragraph EXCEPT that it was 11 (A) made from fish (B) not actually cheese (C) useful on long journeys (D) made in a short period of time Question 40-45 Line (5) (10) (15) (20) Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making Unlike modern industrial potters, prehistoric artisans created each of their pieces individually, using the simplest technology but demonstrating remarkable skill in making and adorning their vessels The clay used in prehistoric pot making was invariably selected with the utmost care: often it was traded over considerable distances The consistency of the clay was crucial: it was pounded meticulously and mixed with water to make it entirely even in texture By careful kneading, the potter removed the air bubbles and made the clay as plastic as possible, allowing it to be molded into shape as the pot was built up, When a pot is fired It loses its water and can crack, so the potter added a temper to the clay, a substance that Helped reduce shrinkage and cracking Since surface finishes provided a pleasing appearance and also improved the durability In day-to-day use, the potter smoothed the exterior surface of the pot with wet hands Often A wet clay solution, known as a slip, was applied to the smooth surface Brightly colored Slips were often used and formed painted decorations on the vessel In later times glazes came into use in some areas A glaze is a form of slip that turns to a glasslike finish during high-temperature firing When a slip was not applied, the vessel was allowed to dry slowly until the external surface was almost like leather in texture It was then rubbed with a round stone or similar object to give it a shiny, hard surface Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations Most early pottery was then fired over open hearths The vessels were covered with Fast-burning wood; as it burned, the ashes would all around the pots and bake them Evenly over a few hours Far higher temperatures were attained in special ovens, known As kilns, which would not only bake the clay and remove its plasticity, but also dissolve Carbons and iron compounds Kilns were also used for glazing, when two firings were Needed, Once fired, the pots were allowed to cool slowly, and small cracks were repaired Before they were ready for use substances 40 What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Why archaeologists study prehistoric pot making (B) How early pottery was made and decorated (C) The development of kilns used by early potters (D) The variety of decorations on Prehistoric pottery 43.The word “durability” in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) quality (B) endurance (C) adaptability (D) applicability 41.The word “ meticulously” in line is closest in meaning to (A) heavily (B) initially (C) carefully (D) completely 44 Prehistoric potters applied slips and glazes to their vessels in order to which of the following? (A) Improve the appearance of the vessels (B) prevent the vessels from leaking (C) Help the vessels a leather like quality (D) Give the vessels a leather like quality 42 Which of the following was a process used by prehistoric potters to improve the texture of the clay? (A) Adding temper (B) Removing the water (C) Beating on the clay (D) Mixing the clay with plastic 45 Which of the following was a method used by some potters to give vessels a glossy finish? (A) Smoothing them with wet hands (B) Mixing the clay with colored solutions (C) Baking them at a very high 12 (B) reached higher temperatures (C) kept ashes away from the pots (D) baked vessels without cracking them temperature (D) Rubbing them with a smooth hard object 49 Look at the terms “temper”(line9), “glazes”(line14), “kilns”(line23), and “compounds”(24) Which of these terms is NOT defined in the passage? (A) temper (B) glazes (C) kilns (D) compounds 46.The word “incised” in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) designed (B) carved (C) detailed (D) painted 47.The word “they” in ling 26 refers to (A) kilns (B) firings (C) pots (D) cracks 50.The passage mentions that when pottery is fired under burning wood ,the ashes help (A) prevent the clay from cracking (B) produce a more consistently baked pot (C) attain a very high temperature (D) give the vessel a glasslike finish 48 According to the passage, the advantage of kilns over open fires was that the kilns (A) required less wood for burning 13 [...]... 31 During the procedure described in paragraph 3, when clay particles are placed into water they (A) stick to the sides of the water container (B) take some time to sink to the bottom (C) separate into different sizes (D) dissolve quickly 33 All of the following words are defined in the passage EXCEPT (A) texture (line 3) (B) ribbon (line 11) (C) sediment sieves (line 19) (D) evaporated (line 27) 32 ... 33 .The legs of a roadrunner are enough strong that it can run up to 24 kilometers per hour to catch A B C D lizards and small rodents 34 For the immune system of a newborn mammal to develop properly, the presence of the thymus gland A B C is essentially D 35 Physicians working in the field of public health are mainly concerned with the environmental causes A B of ill and how to eliminate them C D 36 ... watercolors, of which he excelled D 33 Pythons differ than most other snakes by having two well-developed lungs rather than a much A B C smaller left lung or no left lung at all D 34 Weighing among two to five kilograms in adults, the skin is the largest organ of the human body A B C D 35 Rodents dwell in various habitat, some species being aquatic, some terrestrial A B C D 36 The nectar of flowers are ingested... BCABD CCDDB CAADC ADDAC 3 DDCCB CADAB BBDBC CCDAA CBBAA BCBAB DBDBD AACBB DCBAD CCADD 13 20008 TOEFL Section One: Listening Comprehension (C) She won’t be able to go to a movie with the man (D) She’d like the man to help her with her research paper 1 (A) She doesn’t think the shirt comes in a bigger size (B) She thinks shirt will fit the man (C) A checked shirt won’t look good on the man (D) The bigger... software programs (D) An instrument the woman is learning to play 32 (A) She lost one of his CD’s (B) She didn’t invite him to the concert (C) She missed class (D) She forgot about a meeting 23 (A) Try on a smaller sweater (B) Look for another style at a different store (C) Give the sweater away as a gift (D) Exchange the sweater for a bigger one 33 (A) It does not need to be turned (B) It has two sets of... techniques France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among The most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904) In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (18 43- 1 933 ) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of Glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized (15) today Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully... difficult to express than ideas 34 What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The function of the voice in performance (B) The connection between voice and personality (C) Communication styles (D) The production of speech 35 What does the author mean by staring that, "At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen" (lines 9-10)? 36 The word "Here" in line 10... caused A B C New York City’s population to swell D 37 By identifying similar words or structures in different languages, we find evidence that those A B languages are related and may be derived from same ancestor C D 38 Astronomers use photography and sighting telescopes to study the motions of all of the bright stars A B C and many of the faint one D 39 In the nineteenth century a number of Native American... (B) warm blooded(line 5) (c) terminal leaves(line 13) (D) springboard(line 21) (B) The thickness of the branches (C) The dense leaves of the tree crown (D) The inability to use the front feet as hands 8 The word ‘supplement” in line 24 is closest in meaning to (A) control (B) replace Question 10-19 During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women... willing to teach the woman how to play chess 13 (A) He hadn’t heard that Karen had a new roommate (B) Karen wouldn’t give specific reasons for her feelings (C) He thinks that Karen shouldn’t be angry (D) Karen won’t be getting a new roommate after all 6 (A) Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel (B) Return the novel to Alice immediately (C) Help the man find this own copy of the novel (D) Find out how