1 R—O—H Ete hóa — ROH + Na ROH + HX to RONa + ½H2 không RX + H2O (X = Cl, Br) 2SO4 Chú ý – 130–140 oC H2SO (®Æc) R—OH + H—OR' 130 140 oC R–O–R' + H2O –O–R (R2O) R' có ba ete: R–O–R, R'–O–R' R–O–R' – 170–180 oC CnH2n+1OH H2SO (®Æc) 170 180 oC VD1: – CnH2n + H2O 2SO4 –140 oC: oC: 2C2H5OH C2H5OH H2SO4 (®Æc) 130 140 oC H2SO4 (®Æc) 170 180 oC (C2H5)2O + H2O C2H4 + H2O 1 (a) CH3OH + Na (b) CH3OH + NaOH (c) C2H4(OH)2 (d) C3H5(OH)3 a 2 etanol– (a) CH3 (b) C2H5 to to (1) C2H5 (2) C2H4 + Br2 (3) C2H4 + HBr (4) C2H6 + Br2 to askt 1:1 Br2 /askt 1:1 C2H6 X1 NaOH X2 HCl X3 KOH C2H5OH, to X4 – X4 (a) (b) (c) 2SO4 2SO4 – 2SO4 oC (a) (b) oC 2SO4 C2H2 + H2 C2H5Br Chú ý (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH ancol isoamylic Pd H2SO (®Æc) C2H5OH PbCO3 , to KOH 1500 o C lµm l¹nh nhanh CH4 C2H5OH, to 170 180 oC A (a) propan–2– (b) propan–2– 2SO4 oC (c) propan–2– 2SO4 oC (d) oC 2SO4 B o –clopropen; cho 3–clopropen tác C (a) CH3CH2CH2Br thành CH3CHBrCH3 (b) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH thành (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3 D CH3CH2OH (1) (4) (3) (2) (5) CH3CH2Br (6) CH2=CH2 Chú ý CH–OH thành C=O – RCH2OH + CuO – to RCH=O + Cu + H2O to R2C=O + Cu + H2O xeton: R2CHOH + CuO CnH2n+2O + CuO to CnH2nO + Cu + H2O E to (a) CH3OH + CuO to (b) CH3CH2OH + CuO to (c) (CH3)2CHOH + CuO to (d) (CH3)3COH + CuO (e) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH + CuO F (a) (b) (c) H2O to nH2n+2O nH2n+2Oa nH2nO G A) x = y + z C) y = z – x B) y = x + z D) y = x – z H mol O2 A) x = y z mol H2 B) x = 2y C) x 2y D) x 3y CH2—O—H HO—CH2 CH2—OH HO—CH2 CH2—O + HO—Cu—OH + + 2H2O Cu O—CH2 CH2—OH H—O—CH2 Màu xanh lam không –R–OH + Cu(OH)2 (HO–R–O)2Cu + 2H2O I 2–CH2OH (X); HOCH2–CH2–CH2OH (Y); HOCH2–CHOH–CH2OH (Z); CH3CH2–O–CH2CH3 (R); CH3CHOH–CH2OH làm A) X, Y, R, T C) Z, R, T B) X, Z, T D) X, Y, Z, T J 2 A) etilen C) propan–1,3 K B) etilen glicol D) glixerol –1,2 A) Na C) B) H2SO4 D) Cu(OH)2 – nH2n H + H2O CnH2n+1OH – RX + NaOH ROH + NaX VD2: C2H4 + H2O H C2H5Br + NaOH C2H5OH C2H5OH + NaBr 6H10O5)n Etanol enzim C6H12O6 CH4 + H2O C1: Metanol 2CH4 + O2 nC6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 CO + 3H2 to , p xt CO + 2H2 C2: to xt enzim + nH2O CH3OH o t ,p xt 2CH3OH L CH3COONa KOH/C2H5OH, to +NaOH/CaO, to A 1500 oC B H2 Pd/PbCO3, to C +H2O HBr D NaOH to E oC H2SO4 F CuO to H Al4C3 oC H2SO4 G – M – (CH3)2CHCH2CH2Br NaOH, to A KOH C2H5OH, to B H2O, H+ HCl D NaOH, to C C KOH C2H5OH, to E HCl G H2O, H+ F Câu (a) CH3OH + Na CH3ONa + ½H2 (c) C2H4(OH)2 + 2Na C2H4(ONa)2 + H2 (d) C3H5(OH)3 + 3Na R(OH)a + aNa C3H5(ONa)3 + a H2 a R(ONa)a + NaOH + ½H2 H2O + Na C2H5OH + Na C2H5ONa + ½H2 (a) CH3OH + HBr (b) C2H5OH + HCl H2 nH2 nancol CH3Br + H2O C2H5Cl + H2O 1, 3, X1 = C2H5Br; X2 = C2H5OH; X3 = C2H5Cl; X4 = C2H4 (a) 2CH3OH H2SO (CH3)2O + H2O 140 oC H2SO4 (b) 2C2H5OH (C2H5)2O + H2O 140 oC H2SO (c) CH3OH + C2H5OH 140 oC (CH3 )2 O (C2H5O)2 O + H2O CH3OC2H5 (a) C2H5OH + HBr (b) C2H5OH C2H5Br + H2O H2SO4 C2H4 + H2O 180 oC 1, 2, A (a) (CH3)2CHOH + HBr (CH3)2CHBr + H2O H2SO4 (b) (CH3)2CHOH 140 oC (c) (CH3)2CHOH 180 oC H2SO (d) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH [(CH3)2CH]2O + H2O CH2=CH–CH3 + H2O H2SO4 140 oC [(CH3)2CHCH2CH2]2O + H2O t B CH3CH=CH2 + Cl2 CH2ClCH=CH2 + HCl CH2Cl–CHOH–CH2Cl + H2O CH2ClCH=CH2 + Cl2 + H2O CH2Cl–CHOH–CH2Cl + 2NaOH CH2OH–CHOH–CH2OH + 2NaCl o Câu C C2H5OH (a) CH3CH2CH2Br CH3CH=CH2 + HBr KOH, to H2SO4 (b) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH 180o C (CH3)2CHCH=CH2 + H2O (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 H+, to H2SO4 (CH3)2CHCH=CH2 + HBr (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 (CH3)2CH=CHCH3 + H2O 180o C (CH3)2CH=CHCH3 + H2O H+, to (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3 CH3CH2OH + NaBr (1) CH3CH2Br + NaOH (2) CH3CH2OH + HBr CH3CH2Br + H2O (3) CH2=CH2 + H2O CH3CH2OH D (4) CH3CH2OH (5) CH3CH2Br H2SO4 CH2=CH2 + H2O 180 oC KOH (6) CH2=CH2 + HBr E CH2=CH2 + HBr C2H5OH,to CH3CH2Br (a) CH3OH + CuO HCHO + Cu + H2O (b) CH3CH2OH + CuO CH3CHO + Cu + H2O (CH3)2CO + Cu + H2O (c) (CH3)2CHOH + CuO (e) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH + CuO (CH3)2CHCH2CHO + Cu + H2O 3n O2 CnH2n+2O + F CnH2n+2Oa + CnH2nO + G H I J L to nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 3n a O2 3n O2 to to nCO2 + (n+1)H2O nCO2 + nH2O C D B C KD A = CH4; B = C2H2; C = C2H4; D = C2H5Br; E = C2H5OH; F = C2H5Cl; G = (C2H5)2O; H = CH3CHO M A = (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH C = (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 E = (CH3)2C=CHCH3 G = (CH3)2CClCH2CH3 B = (CH3)2CHCH=CH2 D = (CH3)2CHCHClCH3 F = (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3