DEFINITIONS OF WASTE
• "Substances or objects which are disposed off or are intended to be disposed off or are required to be disposed off by the provisions of international law" (Basel Convention)
Trang 3• "Wastes are materials that are not prime products (that is products produced for the market) for which the generator has no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of production, transformation or consumption, and of which he/she wants to dispose Wastes may be generated during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the consumption of final products, and other human activities Residuals recycled or reused at the place of generation are excluded.“
Trang 4WASTE TYPES
• Municipal Waste includes household waste, commercial waste, demolition waste
• Hazardous Waste includes Industrial waste• Bio-medical Waste includes clinical waste
Trang 5SOLID WASTE
• Municipal waste – comprised of residential, commercial and market wastes;
• Industrial waste – includes hazardous waste from Industrial waste – includes hazardous waste from the processing activities of factories and other manufacturing units; clinical wastes from hospitals and clinics; sewage and sludge from municipal sewer systems; construction and demolition waste; • Agricultural waste – comprised of animal (pigs, Industrial waste – includes hazardous waste from
Trang 6HAZADOUS WASTE
A hazardous waste is waste that poses
substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment:
1 Flammable wastes can create fires under certain conditions, are spontaneously combustible, or have a flash point less than 60 °C (140 °F)
Trang 73 Reactive wastes are unstable under "normal" conditions They can cause explosions, toxic fumes, gases, or vapors when heated, compressed, or mixed with water Examples include lithium-sulfur batteries and explosives.
Trang 8HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE (HHW)
HHW (also referred to as domestic hazardous waste) is waste that is generated from residential households HHW only applies to wastes that are the result of the use of materials that are labeled for and sold for "home use“:
•Paints and solvents
•Automotive wastes (used motor oil, antifreeze, etc.)
Trang 9• Mercury-containing wastes (thermometers, switches, fluorescent lightning, etc.)
• Electronics (computers, televisions, cell phones)• Aerosols / Propane cylinders
• Caustics / Cleaning agents
• Refrigerant-containing appliances
• Some specialty batteries (e.g lithium, nickel cadmium, or button cell batteries)
• Ammunition
Trang 10TRACKED WASTES WOMB TO TOMB• Generation
Trang 12FINAL DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
• Recycling: e.g., lead-acid batteries, electronic circuits boards
• Portland cement: cement can treat a range of hazardous wastes by improving physical characteristics and decreasing the toxicity and transmission of contaminants.
• Neutralization: e.g., pH adjustment
• Incineration, destruction and waste-to-energy:
• Hazardous waste landfill (sequestering, isolation, etc.)• Pyrolysis: preferable to the destruction of concentrated
Trang 13LAW ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 2005
Chapter 8- Waste Management
Section 1- General provisions on waste management
Article 66.- Waste management responsibilitiesArticle 67.- Collection and disposal of expired
and discarded products
Article 68.- Recycling of wastes
Article 69.- Waste management responsibilities
Trang 14Section 2- Hazardous waste management
Article 70.- Compilation of records, registration, grant
of permits and code numbers for hazardous waste management
Article 71.- Sorting, collection and temporary storage of
hazardous wastes
Article 72.- Transport of hazardous wastesArticle 73.- Treatment of hazardous wastes
Article 74.- Hazardous waste treatment establishmentsArticle 75.- Hazardous waste burial sites
Article 76.- Planning of collection, treatment and burial
Trang 15Section 3- Management of ordinary solid wastes
Article 77.- Classification of ordinary solid
wastes
Article 78.- Collection, transport of ordinary
solid wastes
Article 79.- Ordinary solid waste recycling and
destruction establishments, ordinary solid waste burial sites
Article 80.- Planning on collection, recycling,
Trang 16REGULATIONS
• Decision No 155/1999/QD-TTg: Promulgating the regulation on management of hazardous wastes
• Decision No 12/2006/QD-BTNMT: List of scraps permitted for import as secondary production materials
Trang 17• Decision No 23/2006/QD-BTNMT: List of hazardous wastes
• Circular No 12/2006/TT-BTNMT: Guiding hazardous waste management, dossiers compilation, registration, licensing and code numbers.
Trang 18• Decree No 59/2007/ND-CP on solid waste management
• Decree No 174/2007/ND-CP on the environmental charge for solid waste
• QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on hazardous waste thresholds