1 Diễn tả số lượng Meaning + countable N Rất nhiều Nhiều + uncountable N A large number of A good/ great deal/ amount of Quite a few Quite a little A number of A lot of/ lots of A lot of/ lots of Much Many Một vài, (đủ để A few làm gì) Some A little Rất ít, không (very) few (very) little Few Tên nhóm a b c Động vật - a pack of dogs/wolves - a school of fish - a flock/flight of birds - a flock of sheep/goats - a swarm of insects/bees - a herd of cattle/deer/elephants/pigs - a pride of lions - a cloud of flies Người - a group of … - a gang of thieves - a company of actors Vật - A fleets of ships - A bunch of keys/bananas/flowers/grapes - A flight of aeroplanes/steps - A constellation of stars Những từ kết thúc –ic –ical a b classic economic electric Nghĩa không khác - Geographic(al) - Dynamic(al) - Fanatic(al) - Poetic(al) - Strategic(al) - Periodic(al) - Cynic(al) - Arthmetic(al) - Geometric(al) - Symmetric(al) Nghĩa khác : best quality, elegant : connected with economy : use/produce electricity economical electrical historic : important classical : belongs to the past : using no more money than necessary, frugal : connected with electricity historical : connected with the past Affect – effect N Affect [‘æfekt] V [ə'fekt] emotion which may influence behaviorto make a difference to (used in psychology only) or influence something Your opinion will not affect my decision [i'fekt] Effect a result consequence [i'fekt] or ato achieve or produce They hope to effect a Does TV have a effect reconciliation on the bahaviors of young children? Most – almost – mostly a Khác nghĩa Adv Determiner Pronoun - Most To the greatest degree: - The largest in - Largest in number or amount: number or amount What did you enjoy (the) nhiều Who ate the most? most? He got (the) most - More than half of - Very, extremely, votes somebody/ completely: rất, - More than half something; almost somebody/ all of somebody/ It was most kind of you to of something; almost something meet me all of somebody/ Most of the people something: hầu hết I had invited I like vegatable Almost Not quite ( nearly): gần (sắp đến mức tuyệt đối) I like almost all of them The story is almost certainly false most turned up They’ll eat almost anything Their house opposite ours Mostly is almost Mainly, generally: thường, hầu như, gần (phần lớn) His book is mostly useless We’re mostly out on Sunday b - Most + V/ / Adj/ (of the) pluN/ of pronouns - Mostly + adj Khác cấu trúc Almost + V/ Adj/ certain words (any, anything, anyone, no, nobody, nothing, all, every, everybody) Assure – ensure – insure – reassure - Assure: · cam đoan, khẳng định chắn She’s perfectly safe I can assure you · đảm bảo Victory would assure a place in the finals · = ensure (BrE)/ insure (AmE)/ guarantee - Insure against/for something: mua bảo hiểm - Reassure somebody that… / about something: trấn an Worthless – valueless – priceless – valuable – invaluable Thứ tự giá trị giảm dần: Priceless (vô giá) invaluable (rất có giá trị, có ích) > valuable (có giá trị) > valueless = worthless (vô giá trị) Each – Every Position Followed by… Before After a + sing V + plu V a pluN/pro Ex singN Each ü ü ü Every Each student has been given his ỏ her own email address ü ü ü They each have their own email address Every student is given an email address Each (one) of + plu N/pro + sing V Every one of Some certain pairs of words: Accept (v): chấp nhận All together: Except (prep): ngoại trừ (= apart from) Altogether: tổng cộng Let’s sing all together We have invited 50 people altogether Disinterested (adj): khách quan Uninterested (adj): không hứng thú >< interested Each other: used with people/ things One another: used with Sensible (adj): nhạy bén, sắc sảo Sensitive (adj): nhạy cảm Childlike (adj): giống trẻ Childish (adj): trẻ Lie (intransitive V): Lay (transitive V): - Nằm (lie – lay – lain) Nói dối (lie – lied – lied) Principle (n) a rule, a law that something is based on (nguyên tắc) ð in principle (idm): - Về nguyên tắc, nguyên lí - - Đặt (lay – laid – laid) Principal - (n): hiệu trưởng (adj): chính, quan trọng (= important, main) Nói chung = in general Unable (adj) + to V: không đủ khả năng, làm Disable (adj): khuyết tật ( handicapped) Deadly - (adv): vô cùng, (= extremely) hoàn toàn (=completely) - Deathly (adv/adj): giống chết, có liên quan đến chết (adj): gây chết người (= lethal) Various (adj): đa dạng, phong phú ( diverse) Variable (adj): thay đổi ( fluctuating) >< invariable Efficient (adj): có hiệu quả, không Effective (adj): có tác dụng, giải lãng phí thời gian, lượng >< vấn đề >< ineffective inefficient Lend (v): cho mượn Borrow (v): mượn Could you lend me some money? Can I borrow your pen? Stationary (adj): tĩnh, không di chuyển Stationery (n): văn phòng phẩm Chance (n) - Khả xảy (a possibility of something happening) - Cơ hội - Sự tình cờ Opportunity (n) = chance: hội