Introduction to geothermal energy

27- Geothermal energy Definition  A natural form of renewable energy generated from the heat in the earth’s core  Temperature of in excess of 6,000 degrees Celsius  Available 24/7, it is a reliable provider of electricity and heat  Geothermal energy is not dependent on the weather     How it works Geothermal heat pump GHP Enhanced geothermal systems EGS • Large potential along Ring of Fire islands  Listed 39 countries around the world that could be powered solely from geothermal energy • Opportunities in Asia and the Pacific Fiji, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu • Broader capabilities in the Further development of EGS technology could increase the potential for electricity production in the region greatly by making electricity production region with the development of from geothermal plants more feasible and cost-effective outside of the Ring enhanced geothermal systems: of Fire nations Trends in development  6/24 countries worldwide  Capacity 3,743 MW between 2008 and 2009  30% world’s geothermal electricity Geothermal electricity generation Entire world Asia-pacific Philippines • The second-largest geothermal capacity in the world after the US • Generated 1,904 MW accounts for 17% of country’s electricity needs in 2010  The view of the PNOC-EDC of the Leyte Geothermal Production Field in  Tongonan, Leyte, Philippines Strengths with thermal energy  Steady use Scalability Low operation costs of geothermal power Challenges to using geothermal energy   High upfront capital and exploration costs  Limited areas for resource extraction without enhanced geothermal systems Implementing strategies  Strengthen geothermal systems to extend capacity  Further development of EGS technology is supported by a number of OECD countries  Technology transfer  Cooperation and financial incentives for domestic and international private investment [...]...Implementing strategies  Strengthen geothermal systems to extend capacity  Further development of EGS technology is supported by a number of OECD countries  Technology transfer  Cooperation and financial incentives for domestic and international