Environmental Science: forest resources

Group Forest Resources Group’s Member: Phạm Đức Tú (C) Đặng Minh Sơn Vũ Nguyễn Huy Đinh Thị Hương Nguyễn Vân Anh Lê Nam Thành Nguyễn Hoàng Long Forest Resources Overview of forest resources The importance of forests for environment Common causes of deforestation Forest loss and management The forest resources in Vietnam Issues of exploitation and use forests in Vietnam Overview of forest resources  Forest is one of the most important parts constituting the biosphere  It has an extremely important role in creating the landscape and have a strong impact to the climate factors, land Overview of forest resources  Standpoint theory of ecosystems, the forest are seen as a typical ecosystems in the biosphere (Temslay, 1935: Vili, 1957; Odum, 1966)  On the other hand, Based on the theory of the forest of Morodov Sukasov, the forest are a Biogeocenose  Two theories are not different in the nature They are recognized and used in research of the forest Forests are also of great significance in the development of economic, social, ecological and environment Overview of forest resources The formation of forest types are closely related to the formation of natural vegetation with geographical and climatic conditions In each forest type is formed, the climate, soil, moisture will determine the composition and structure of the potential development of vegetation Overview of forest resources The division of the forest types of forest vegetation types are mainly based on the ecological advantages Some flora is important in the world • Temperate coniferous forests with a relatively homogenous, lower yields than the tropics, they are mainly distributed in North America, Europe, North China and some tropical mountains The trees are mainly pine, spruce, fir Overview of forest resources  Temperate deciduous forest is distributed at low and tropical regions, mainly in northeast America, South America, Asia Europe, a part of China, Japan, Australia Overview of forest resources  Tropical rain forests are distributed mainly in the equatorial region of the Amazon Basin (South America), the Congo River (Africa), India, Malaysia Because of the complexity of changing rainfall patterns, monsoon and temperature, the tropical forest are often very complex in both composition and structure of forest Overview of forest resources Based on the nature and purpose, the forest is divided into three types Protection forests are used for the purpose of protecting water, soil, prevent erosion and mitigate natural disasters, climate regulation, protection of ecological environment Protection forest divided into three types, watershed protection forests, forest protection against sand and forest protection of coastal waves The forest resources in Vietnam  Total forest area : 10,915,592 (forest coverage: 33.2%)  Natural forest : 9,444,198 (occupies 86.5% of forest area)  Protection forest : 4,812,671 ha, Special-use forest : 1,463,746 ha, Production forest : 3,167,781  Plantation forest : 1,471,394 (occupies 13.5% of forest area)  Protection forest : 537,997 ha, Special-use forest : 61,122 ha, Production forest : 872,275 The forest resources in Vietnam The forest resources in Vietnam The forest resources in Vietnam Issues of exploitation and use forests in Vietnam  Table Plantation area focused 1990-2000 In Area years area (1000 ha) Index (Previous year 100%) 1990 100,3 120,5 1991 123,9 123,5 1992 122,8 99,1 1993 128,2 104,4 1994 158,1 123,3 1995 209,6 132,6 1996 202,9 96,8 1997 221,8 109,3 1998 208,6 94,0 1999 230,1 110,3 2000 232,3 101,0 Issues of exploitation and use forests in Vietnam  Table Timber production 1990 - 2000 years In timber production (1000 tonnes) Index (Previous year 100%) 1990 3445,5 105,6 1991 3209,6 93,2 1992 2686,5 83,7 1993 2883,6 107,3 1994 2853,2 98,9 1995 2793,1 97,9 1996 2833,5 101,4 1997 2480,0 87,5 1998 2216,8 89,4 1999 2122,5 95,7 2000 2050,0 96,6 Issues of exploitation and use forests in Vietnam Forest use in Vietnam  Improve the environment: climate control, reduce co2, forest protection, to avoid erosion  As fuel for a number of industries such as forest product processing, paper production, furniture making  Ecotourism development: national forests, ecological reserves, biological reserves  For scientific research, conservation of rare plants and animals, ecosystem development … Issues of exploitation and use forests in Vietnam Issuesofofforest exploitation and use forests in Vietnam  Causes degradation in Vietnam - Burn shifting cultivation: nomadic life, the total area of forest lost each year is about 40 - 50% is due to burn shifting cultivation In Dak Lac in the period from 1991 - 1996 average loss of 3000-3500 of forest per year, of which over half the forest area lost due to shifting cultivation Issues of exploitation use forests in Vietnam  Causes of forest degradationand in Vietnam Land under the land to produce crops business, especially deforestation for the cultivation of industrial crops such as coffee in the Central Highlands make up 40 50% forest loss in the region Issuesofofforest exploitation and use forests in Vietnam  Causes degradation in Vietnam - Overexploitation beyond the natural resilience of the forest Issuesofofforest exploitation and use forests in Vietnam  Causes degradation in Vietnam - Due to the impact of bombs and toxic chemicals during the war, particularly in the south have destroyed about million of natural forests Issues of exploitation use forests in Vietnam  Causes of forest degradationand in Vietnam - Do not plan mining, fishing techniques obsolete waste of forest resources Issuesofofforest exploitation and use forests in Vietnam  Causes degradation in Vietnam - Due to forest fires, especially mangrove forests, pine forests, deciduous dipterocarp forest [...]... Special-use forest : 1,463,746 ha, Production forest : 3,167,781 ha  Plantation forest : 1,471,394 ha (occupies 13.5% of forest area)  Protection forest : 537,997 ha, Special-use forest : 61,122 ha, Production forest : 872,275 ha 5 The forest resources in Vietnam 5 The forest resources in Vietnam 5 The forest resources in Vietnam 6 Issues of exploitation and use forests in Vietnam  Table 1 Plantation... came in 1995 when forest area increase exceeded forest loss (mostly due to new plantations), and overall forest cover increased from 28.2 percent in 1995 to 36.7 percent in 2004 5 The forest resources in Vietnam  Total forest area : 10,915,592 ha (forest coverage: 33.2%)  Natural forest : 9,444,198 ha (occupies 86.5% of forest area)  Protection forest : 4,812,671 ha, Special-use forest : 1,463,746... wood production, forest animals and associated ecological environment protection 1 Overview of forest resources Forests is an important resource, forests provide raw materials for human and base economic resources of many ethnic in the world Exploitation of forest resources has contributed an important part in economic and social development of many countries around the world  Forest resources are plentiful... forest, primary or old-growth forest and secondary forest There are also many natural factors that can cause changes in forests over time including forest fires insects, diseases, weather, competition between species, etc In 1997, the World Resources Institute recorded that only 20% of the world's original forests remained in large intact tracts of undisturbed forest. More than 75% of these intact forests... countries - the Boreal forests of Russia and Canada and the rainforest of Brazil 5 The forest resources in Vietnam  Statistics in Vietnam show that 19.2 million hectares are forest land of which 9.3 million hectares are forested area, and 10 million hectares are denuded hillsides and barren lands  Figures assumed to apply around 1995 (Editor) Description Total Forested Non-forested Forest land 19.1 9.3... show that the forested area was then 7.8 million hectares covering 28% of total land The forested area in 1995 and the forest cover during the same year look almost the same as in 1989 5 The forest resources in Vietnam Table 1 Regional variations forest cover (2005) 5 The forest resources in Vietnam Regional Forest cover (%) Red River Delta 8.4 Northeast 45.4 Northwest 37.8 Northern Central Coast... Overview of forest resources 2 Special use forests are used for special purposes such as nature conservation, genetic conservation of forest flora and fauna, in service of scientific research, protection of historical, cultural and scenic for tourism It includes national parks, nature reserves, cultural and historical sites 1 Overview of forest resources 3 Production forests, including forest type... Special-use forest 1.2 0.9 0.3 - Protection forest 8.0 3.5 4.5 - Production forest 9.9 4.9 5.0 5 The forest resources in Vietnam  Forest cover in various areas/regions of Vietnam  The differences in climatic conditions from sub-equatorial areas to sub- tropical ones as noticed in Vietnam and its elevations from sea level to mountains of over 3,000 m high, have caused the indigenous plant and forest resources. .. including biological resources, land, climate and landscape  The exploitation and utilization of forest resources in the world depends on technology, traditions and social customs of each region and each country 2 The importance of forests for environment  Forests are the most important component constituting Biosphere In addition to significant plant and animal resources , , the forest is also a geographical... Whole country 36.66 Table 2 Forest land in Viet Nam (2004) 5 The forest resources in Vietnam  Forest area in Viet Nam has changed significantly in recent decades (Figure 1) Total forest cover dropped from 43.3 percent in 1943 to 33.8 percent in 1976 and 27.8 percent by 1990 In absolute terms, almost 2 million hectares of forest were lost between 1976 and 1990; a net deforestation rate of over 142