Xuan Hoang Nguyen Dissertation BEITRÄGE ZU ABFALLWIRTSCHAFT / ALTLASTEN · BAND 85 A Laboratory Simulation of Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation in Landfill Bioreactors Beiträge zu Abfallwirtschaft/Altlasten Schriftenreihe des Institutes für Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten Technische Universität Dresden Band 85 Dissertation A Laboratory Simulation of Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation in Landfill Bioreactors Verlag: Eigenverlag des Forums für Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten e V Forum für Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten e V c/o TU Dresden Außenstelle Pirna-Copitz Pratzschwitzer Straße 15 D-01796 Pirna Germany Druck: sdv Direct World GmbH Tharandter Straße 31 – 33 01159 Dresden Tel.: +49 (0351) 4203-0 © Alle Rechte, insbesondere das Recht der Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung sowie der Übersetzung vorbehalten Kein Teil des Werkes darf in irgendeiner Form (durch Fotokopie, Mikrofilm oder ein anderes Verfahren) ohne schriftliche Genehmigung des Vereins reproduziert oder unter Verwendung elektronischer Systeme verarbeitet, vervielfältigt oder verbreitet werden Dissertation A Laboratory Simulation of Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation in Landfill Bioreactors Xuan Hoang Nguyen Herausgeber Prof Dr.-Ing habil Dr h c B Bilitewski Prof Dr rer nat Dr h c P Werner Beiträge zu Abfallwirtschaft/Altlasten Schriftenreihe des Institutes für Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten Technische Universität Dresden Band 85 ISBN: 978-3-934253-78-0 2011 Auflage „A Laboratory Simulation of Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation in Landfill Bioreactors“ genehmigte Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften Dr.- Ing vorgelegt an der Fakultät für Forst-, Geo- und Hydrowissenschaften der Technischen Universität Dresden MSc Xuan Hoang Nguyen Promotionskommission: Vorsitzender: Prof Dr P Krebs (Technische Universität Dresden) Gutachter / Prüfer: Gutachter: Prüfer: Prof Dr B Bilitewski (Technische Universität Dresden) Assoc Prof Dr C H Nguyen (Cantho University, Vietnam) Prof Dr C Dornack (Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus) Tag der mündlichen Prüfung und Verteidigung: 19 September 2011 Preface Mr MSc Nguyen Xuan Hoang has written his thesis about the biodegradation of co-disposed waste funded with a scholarship by the World Bank He is teaching in the University of Can Tho in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam MSc Nguyen Xuan Hoang took up a very important subject for Vietnam, but also for the surrounding countries with a similar climate and state of waste management The waste management of Vietnam is despite of advanced laws and regulations in an early stage Landfill and dumping is the predominant waste disposal option without considering the longterm implication for the environmental and the drinking water resource He used electroplating sludge disposed together with household waste to determine the emission of heavy metal MSc Nguyen Xuan Hoang did en excellent work in Dresden He was able to establish a complex and time demanding research on landfill bodies with Vietnamese waste He succeeded to find important results for the international landfill research I wish this dissertation a number of interested readers Dresden September 2011 Prof Dr.-Ing habil Dr h.c Bernd Bilitewski Acknowledgements Acknowledgements The work presented in this doctoral dissertation was conducted at the Institute of Waste Management and Contaminated Site Treatment (IAA) at Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) from October 2008 to May 2011 This PhD study was financially supported by scholarship grants from the Training and Research Innovation Grant (TRIG) project (World Bank) All experimental implementation was funded by the IAA and the FORUM für Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten e V I realize that this dissertation could not have been completely finished without the full support from the people around me Therefore, I would like to express my thanks to those who made this dissertation possible First of all, I would like to express my special gratitude to my supervisor, Prof Dr.-Ing habil Dr.h.c Bernd Bilitewski, for his supervision, advice, guidance during the time I worked at IAA, as well as giving me the chance to carry out such an interesting topic of research He has not only provided funds for research but also provided me valuable scientific support and encouragement He showed me the way to think in right direction and the way to approach scientific problems in Germany and Europe Without this valuable support from him, it would have been extremely difficult to make this work possible I am deeply impressed my sincere gratitude and thanks to Dr Alexander Janz who worked as my co-supervisor since very beginning of the experimental establishment He has not only contributed his expertise on lysimeters but also took time for guidance and discussion on all problems that occurred during my experimental operation I am also thanking him for sparing his valuable time and going through my work with useful discussions and valuable suggestions together with a sense of humor, enthusiasm and a gracious behavior as well Also, I would like to express my sincere thank towards Dr Stephan Mattesteig who helped me a lot in the discussion and testing of biogas measurement Besides that, he was also guiding me for a site establishment and measurements of the biogas in composting sites My sincere appreciation goes to Dr Catalin Stefan for taking his valuable time to review on my work and helping me improve the structure, the grammatical translation of the dissertation i Acknowledgements I want to express my sincere thank to Dr Christoph Wünsch who has kindly contributed in many administrative issues, especially in the German version of the abstract and main conclusions My deep thanks go to Dr Daniel Schingnitz who has been helping me a lot since last year especially in the communication with the German speaking technical staff I would like to thank to Mrs Dagmar Gerbet, Mr Martin Katzschner, and Mrs Jacqueline Rohde who analyzed my samples during the experiments I would also thank to Mr Gerd Schmieder who took time to all technical assistant for testing of the lysimeters as well as in the process of freeze sampling I also express my sincere thanks to all my colleagues in the IAA for their encouragement and kind assistance throughout the work The warm support of all my friends enabled me to complete this thesis and have a wonderful time along the way I want to send my thanks and best regards to all my colleagues in the Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environment and Natural Resources for their sharing and undertaking my assignments at Cantho University My special thanks to Mr Le Hoang Viet who is the Head of Department and Vice Dean of College for his encouragements and supports My deepest gratitude goes to my family, to my parents and all my brothers and sister, who always supported and encouraged me so much in my life from Vietnam With love, kindness and care, they have always been supportive for me pursuing my study and dreams At last but not least, I would like to thank my beloved family, my wife Phuong Y Lam and our joyful daughter Quynh L.V Nguyen and son Khang H Nguyen, who are powerful source of inspiration and energy for my life They always bring a smile on my face and a peace in my heart To them, this work is dedicated Xuan Hoang Nguyen ii Annexes Annex A11 Biogas production in lysimeters Wk 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 38 40 42 44 50 51 53 54 55 56 58 60 64 68 70 72 73 76 80 85 87 92 96 CH4 % 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.9 2.7 5.0 7.0 8.4 10.3 8.4 8.3 9.7 9.8 6.5 9.5 6.4 6.3 6.7 7.8 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.2 7.2 6.9 7.4 7.2 7.7 7.5 7.3 6.6 6.0 5.6 5.3 4.8 4.7 4.1 3.3 1.5 2.4 2.4 3.8 9.9 20.1 30.2 31.2 43.2 48.3 18.6 39.1 CO2 % 70.4 63.1 62.4 65.3 64.1 45.5 45.5 38.3 36.0 35.1 36.7 36.2 35.8 34.7 33.0 31.4 33.1 24.2 28.9 32.2 35.5 27.2 32.2 27.1 26.7 28.0 30.4 32.7 29.5 29.9 29.4 28.4 27.8 27.7 28.9 26.4 28.3 27.5 26.9 25.5 25.1 25.4 23.9 22.5 22.7 21.7 20.9 18.0 19.1 19.1 18.5 23.8 28.7 31.4 31.8 37.16 38.04 25.2 34.77 O2 % 20.0 10.6 5.7 1.7 1.9 3.3 2.3 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.6 3.2 3.2 3.0 0.7 3.1 3.2 2.2 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.4 2.0 0.8 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.5 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.2 2.8 3.3 0.832 0.8 0.6 0.728 LSR1 H2S % 0.000 0.047 0.268 0.049 0.063 0.063 0.065 0.056 0.050 0.026 0.016 0.009 0.008 0.008 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.023 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.006 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 H2 % 0.000 0.650 0.790 0.783 0.783 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.929 0.550 0.335 0.077 0.020 0.012 0.000 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.006 0.005 0.011 0.006 0.007 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.003 0.001 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.00 Vst lit 17 31.1 73.8 26 3.08 3.64 6.59 12.5 4.97 7.05 5.07 6.72 7.86 3.39 6.74 5.7 4.25 6.72 3.48 4.69 17.7 7.94 9.08 8.11 6.89 8.14 7.43 2.38 11.6 12.9 4.07 12.9 6.17 3.44 5.02 6.78 4.89 4.53 6.9 8.68 7.79 6.19 6.66 6.11 4.72 7.37 1.36 1.18 2.24 5.9 4.45 3.65 1.37 37.9 22.3 66.7 30.6 ∑V lit 17.0 48.0 121.8 147.9 151.0 154.6 161.2 173.7 178.7 185.7 190.8 197.5 205.4 208.7 215.5 221.2 225.4 232.1 235.6 240.3 258.0 266.0 275.0 283.2 290.0 298.2 305.6 308.0 319.6 328.6 341.5 345.6 358.5 364.6 368.1 373.1 379.9 384.8 389.3 396.2 404.9 412.7 418.9 425.5 431.6 436.4 443.7 445.1 446.3 446.3 448.5 454.4 458.9 462.5 463.9 501.8 524.1 590.8 621.3 XV CH4 % 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.7 4.8 9.0 14.8 15.6 15.7 14.5 13.5 13.8 10.4 12.9 8.0 12.5 12.2 12.3 12.3 12.2 11.8 11.5 10.9 10.1 9.7 9.4 9.4 8.5 8.3 7.7 6.6 5.9 3.9 3.1 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 CO2 % 66.1 58.8 64.6 71.2 73.9 71.1 65.8 63.6 62.4 60.0 58.4 56.9 55.1 50.0 45.5 42.8 42.3 42.3 40.1 42.1 33.4 41.1 32.3 40.5 39.9 40.1 38.9 38.7 36.7 36.5 34.7 33.8 32.3 32.6 31.6 29.9 29.6 28.3 26.2 25.6 22.2 21.9 20.7 20.0 18.9 20.2 18.6 13.9 13.9 13.9 O2 % 13.1 12.2 10.0 8.0 2.9 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.1 2.2 1.0 3.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.6 0.7 0.7 0.4 1.3 0.5 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 LSR2 H2S % 0.000 0.022 0.249 0.250 0.043 0.073 0.083 0.075 0.060 0.059 0.037 0.015 0.013 0.012 0.009 0.006 0.005 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.006 0.001 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.023 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 H2 % 0.000 0.930 0.930 0.543 0.543 0.930 0.930 0.930 0.929 0.930 0.519 0.161 0.060 0.039 0.011 0.019 0.019 0.016 0.014 0.015 0.012 0.012 0.005 0.009 0.005 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.000 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 21.2 16.7 14 5.4 21.3 26.4 7.5 7.99 18.1 15.7 15.5 16 25.5 28.9 18.8 15.2 1.5 2.2 2.9 1.8 1.1 0.7 1.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Vst lit 10.4 7.65 29.1 39.2 10.9 2.55 3.84 4.44 2.58 3.84 4.44 3.45 2.38 1.65 1.62 2.44 3.71 5.26 2.86 3.24 3.69 3.93 4.63 4.14 3.8 3.53 2.29 3.39 3.72 6.73 7.47 4.16 10.3 7.09 3.16 5.76 8.34 7.01 8.04 6.81 3.69 20.3 18.1 18.8 5.39 7.74 12.5 0.45 0.54 0 0.54 0.45 0.71 1.09 1.1 1.3 1.21 1.04 ∑V lit 10.4 18.0 47.1 86.3 97.2 99.7 103.6 108.0 110.6 114.4 118.9 122.3 124.7 126.3 128.0 130.4 134.1 139.4 142.2 145.5 149.2 153.1 157.7 161.9 165.7 169.2 171.5 174.9 178.6 185.3 192.8 197.0 207.3 214.4 217.5 223.3 231.6 238.6 246.7 253.5 257.2 277.5 295.6 314.4 319.7 327.5 340.0 340.5 341.0 341.0 341.0 341.5 342.0 342.7 343.8 344.9 346.2 347.4 348.4 Annexes Annex A11 Biogas production in lysimeters (cont.) Wk 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 38 40 42 44 50 51 53 54 55 56 58 60 64 68 70 72 73 76 80 85 87 92 96 CH4 % 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 3.5 15.2 17.3 24.4 29.6 37.1 39.4 39.2 42.3 45.5 53.4 48.6 46.7 47.5 48.0 46.7 48.5 48.3 48.2 47.6 46.0 41.6 42.5 30.6 36.0 31.0 20.1 24.7 22.3 17.6 15.3 11.0 7.9 4.7 3.7 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.7 CO2 % 0.0 21.1 51.1 60.0 26.5 18.5 9.0 16.5 31.2 31.0 30.6 31.1 35.1 34.9 32.1 30.7 29.1 34.4 31.9 34.4 36.5 37.2 36.3 38.2 38.7 38.3 37.2 36.4 32.7 34.5 30.6 31.7 28.7 20.0 27.2 25.5 23.4 22.5 20.8 20.2 19.5 11.3 15.0 14.3 17.1 11.1 15.1 15.1 16.7 16.7 O2 % 20.7 13.1 4.2 1.5 9.2 10.2 9.8 5.9 1.5 1.6 2.7 3.8 2.5 3.0 4.7 4.6 4.8 1.6 3.0 2.6 1.7 1.3 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.9 1.7 3.0 1.8 1.8 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.1 1.5 1.1 2.6 2.6 0.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.3 LSR3 H2 S % 0.000 0.035 0.039 0.000 0.019 0.010 0.000 0.003 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 10.00 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.023 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 H2 % 0.000 0.675 0.930 0.000 0.592 0.012 0.000 0.098 0.090 0.075 0.020 0.012 0.009 0.006 0.000 0.004 0.003 0.005 0.005 12.00 0.006 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ∑V lit 0.0 9.6 21.8 22.5 23.1 24.2 25.4 27.4 30.1 34.6 36.9 38.9 40.4 41.2 41.9 42.6 43.2 46.3 47.9 49.9 53.4 58.2 61.6 64.5 67.8 71.5 76.4 80.9 83.0 90.7 92.2 97.8 101.3 104.0 107.6 109.5 111.3 114.0 114.6 114.6 115.5 116.3 117.0 117.5 118.2 118.8 119.4 119.4 121.5 121.5 121.5 122.4 CH4 % 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 6.6 25.2 34.9 40.9 42.9 34.0 40.5 38.9 39.1 35.2 32.4 27.3 22.2 25.9 17.5 23.2 16.9 21.8 21.7 22.9 18.5 19.2 13.6 15.6 10.1 14.2 12.1 13.9 13.1 10.5 10.5 9.3 5.7 4.5 4.0 3.3 2.5 1.8 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 CO2 % 0.0 12.6 5.6 5.6 11.6 30.6 32.0 32.7 34.0 24.3 32.2 28.6 32.8 28.9 28.1 23.8 17.5 22.0 14.5 22.4 15.8 21.3 20.9 23.2 19.9 21.5 15.9 19.2 16.5 21.1 18.5 20.4 20.2 18.8 18.8 18.9 17.2 14.8 14.6 14.6 14.5 16.6 16.5 15.8 14.6 15.0 13.7 13.7 12.0 12.0 O2 % 20.7 16.2 18.7 17.2 14.1 4.3 4.1 3.0 2.8 6.7 3.6 4.4 2.2 3.1 3.4 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.6 4.3 8.4 5.5 5.3 4.0 6.0 4.1 7.5 5.0 6.4 2.8 4.8 3.6 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.6 LSR4 H2S % 0.000 0.013 0.012 0.000 0.007 0.006 0.000 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.023 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 Vst lit 9.6 12 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.2 2.7 4.5 2.4 1.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 3.1 1.6 3.5 4.8 3.4 3.3 3.7 4.9 4.5 2.2 7.6 1.5 5.7 3.5 2.7 3.6 1.9 1.8 2.7 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 2.2 0 0.9 12 0.00 Vst lit 3.19 2.23 1.09 1.18 0.64 2.47 8.24 2.95 2.38 2.9 2.09 1.37 0.92 0.81 0.63 0.63 2.81 0.89 1.62 1.26 1.96 1.69 4.23 2.45 4.16 2.29 2.84 2.36 1.45 1.57 2.84 6.44 0.92 1.58 2.88 2.11 1.66 0.55 0.92 0.94 0.65 0.65 0.9 0.57 0.55 0.91 0 0.00 0.70 0.63 0.8 14.9 1.4 0.00 0.5 0.2 0.1 1.2 0 14.9 14.9 12.6 14.5 14.8 13.4 14.2 1.1 1.6 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.214 1.8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.76 123.1 123.9 124.9 125.8 126.7 128.0 128.8 0 0.1 0 13.8 11 11 13 13.9 12.8 12.6 2.2 3 0.8 0.2 0.109 1.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 XVI H2 V % lit 0.000 0.0 0.559 3.5 0.930 2.4 0.000 1.2 0.106 1.3 0.070 0.7 0.000 2.7 0.030 8.9 0.020 3.2 0.009 2.6 0.001 3.2 0.001 2.3 0.001 1.5 0.001 1.0 0.000 0.9 0.000 0.7 0.000 0.7 0.000 3.1 0.002 1.0 0.000 1.8 0.005 1.4 0.000 2.2 0.002 1.9 0.002 4.7 0.000 2.7 0.000 4.6 0.001 2.5 0.000 3.1 0.000 2.6 0.001 1.6 0.003 1.7 0.003 3.0 0.002 7.0 0.001 1.0 0.001 1.7 0.000 3.1 0.001 2.3 0.000 1.8 0.000 0.6 0.000 0.0 0.000 1.0 0.000 1.0 0.000 0.7 0.000 0.7 0.000 1.0 0.000 0.6 0.000 0.6 0.000 0.0 0.000 1.0 0.000 0.0 1.10 1.00 0.00 2.20 1.10 2.20 1.60 0.98 0.89 2.02 1.02 2.05 1.52 Annexes Annex A12 QCVN07:2009/BTNMT Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Waste Thresholds No Hazardous components Chemical form 10 11 12 13 Antimony Arsenic Cadmium Lead Cobalt Zinc M olybdenum Nickel Selenium Thallium M ercury Chromium VI Vanadium Sb As Cd Pb Co Zn Mo Ni Se Ta Hg Cr Va Threshold M aximum Eluate allowable concentration, value, H (ppm) C tc (mg/l) 20 40 10 0,5 300 15 1.600 80 5.000 250 7.000 350 1.400 70 20 140 0,2 100 500 25 Annex A13a QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater No Parameters Unit Limit value C Temperature pH Odour Color (Co-Pt at pH = 7) BOD5 (200C) COD C mg/l mg/l A 40 6-9 good smell 20 30 50 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Suspended solid Arsenic Mercury Lead Cadmium Chrome (VI) Chrome (III) Copper Zinc Nickel Manganese (Mn) Iron (Fe) Tin (Sn) mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l 50 0,05 0,005 0,1 0,005 0,05 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,2 o B 40 5,5-9 good smell 70 50 100 100 0,1 0,01 0,5 0,01 0,1 0,5 A: stipulates maximum allowable values of pollution parameter in wastewater discharged into receiving facilities which can be use as sources of domestic water supply B1: stipulates Maximum allowable values of pollution parameter in wastewater discharged into receiving facilities which can not be use as sources of domestic water supply XVII Annexes Annex A13b QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT National Technical Regulation on Wastewater of the Solid Waste Landfill Sites No Parameter Maximum allowable value (mg/l) B1 B2 A BOD5 (20 oC) 30 100 50 COD 50 400 300 Total N 15 60 60 Ammonia (as N) 25 25 A: stipulates maximum allowable values of pollution parameter in leachate discharged into receiving facilities using for sources of domestic water supply B1: stipulates Maximum allowable values of pollution parameter in leachate of landfill discharged into receiving facilities which can not using for sources of domestic water supply (applied for landfill before January 01, 2010) B2: stipulates Maximum allowable values of pollution parameter in leachate of landfill discharged into receiving facilities which can not using for sources of domestic water supply (applied for landfill from January 01, 2010) XVIII Annexes Annex A14 HMs inhibition on the anaerobic biological degradation processes Schwermetalle Cu Cd Zn Ni Pb CrIII CrVI Information provided by various authors in mg/l Höhler (1966) Scherber and Steiner Konzeli-Katsiri and (1982) Kartsona (1986) Inhibition Toxicity Inhibition Toxicity Inhibition Toxicity 150-250 300 40-250 170-300 40-250 170-300 150-600 20-600 Rd 150 250 250-400 250-600 150-400 250-600 100-300 500 10-300 130-500 10-300 30-1000 340 340 300-340 340 100-300 500 120-300 260-500 120-300 200-500 Rd 100 200 100-110 100-220 100-110 200-420 Annex A15 HMs of municipal landfill leachate in Germany Parameters pH COD BOD5 BOD5/ COD Sulphates Ca Mg Fe (total) Mn Zn mg O2/l mg O2/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l Acidogenic phase Range of value Mean value 7 500 - 4500 3000 20 - 550 180 0.04 -0.1 0.06 10 - 420 80 20 - 600 60 40 - 350 180 - 280 15 0.03 - 45 0.7 0.03 - 0.6 Annexes Annex A16 Biogas analysis result from the Umwelt- und Öllabor Leipzig XX Annexes Annex A17a Distribution of HMs in LSR1 by deep waste horizon LSR1_Cu (mg/g) 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 LSR1_Ni (mg/g) 0.08 0.10 0.00 0.12 Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer 0.0 0.2 LSR1_Zn (mg/g) 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 2.0 2.5 3.0 LSR1_Fe (mg/g) 1.0 Layer 0.01 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer LSR1_Mn (mg/g) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 LSR1_Pb (mg/g) 0.1 0.1 Layer 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer LSR1_Cd (mg/g) LSR1_Cr (mg/g) 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.00 0.50 Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer XXI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annexes Annex A17b Distribution of HMs in LSR2 by deep waste hirizon LSR2_Ni (mg/g) LSR2_Cu (mg/g) 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer LSR2_Zn (mg/g) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 LSR2_Fe (mg/g) 0.8 1.0 0.0 Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer 1.0 LSR2_Mn (mg/g) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.00 Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer LSR2_Cr (mg/g) 0.10 0.20 0.30 3.0 4.0 LSR2_Pb (mg/g) 0.1 Layer 0.00 2.0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 LSR2_Cd (mg/g) 0.40 0.00 0.50 Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer Layer XXII 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annexes Annex A18 ANC of MSW and electroplating sludge by pHstat elution test In MSW In electroplating sludge XXIII Annexes Annex A19 HMs Leaching concentration in pHstat Source: IAA-TUD, 1993 XXIV In der Schriftenreihe „Beiträge zu 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Guidelines for a sustainable restoration, stabilisation and management of lakes in the tropics 30,00 Band 84 Entwicklung eines Schnelltestsystems zur Bestimmung brennstoffrelevanter Parameter von Ersatzbrennstoffen 30,00 Band 85 A Laboratory Simulation of Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation in Landfill Bioreactors 30,00 kostenlos als CD erhältlich Vergriffene Bände 16, 27, 31,32 und 39 können als CD zum Preis von 15,- € + Porto und Verpackung versendet werden Bestelladresse: Forum für Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten e V c/o TU Dresden Außenstelle Pirna-Copitz Pratzschwitzer Straße 15 D - 01796 Pirna Tel.: +49 (03501) 53 00 38 Fax: +49 (03501) 53 00 17 E-mail: forum@mail.zih.tu-dresden.de [...]... classified according to the landfill operation and not the quality of waste Table 2-3 shows a direct comparison of the German and typical Asian landfill types Table 2-3 Types and classification of landfill in Germany and in Asian countries German landfill classification Asian landfill types Class 0 Inert waste Anaerobic landfill Class I Quite inert municipal waste Anaerobic sanitary landfill with daily... al., 2006) Nowadays, because of the change in the characteristics of waste, sanitary landfill are common and more suitable in 9 2 Literature review almost countries for waste management practices (Tinmaz and Demir, 2006) Landfilling and incineration are still predominant in many European countries (see Figure 2-1) Municipal waste management in the EU Landfilled Recycled/composted (& other) Incinerated... leachate originates, can be divided into three categories (Andreottola, 1992): - Hydrolysis of solid waste and biological degradation; - Solubilization of soluble salts contained in waste; and - Wash out of fines The first two categories are included in the more general concept of waste stabilization in landfills and have greater influence on the quality of leachate produced During the waste degradation,... of Annexes vii List of tables List of tables Table 2-1 MSW generation rate of major Asian cities 8 Table 2-2 Composition of MSW in Asia cities 9 Table 2-3 Types and classification of landfill in Germany and in Asian countries 14 Table 2-4 Typical parameters analyzed from leachate in municipal landfill 20 Table 2-5 Typical landfill gas composition 22 Table 2-6 Factors influence... landfill and 13 2 Literature review sanitary landfill or in type of waste as landfill for MSW, landfill for hazardous waste and landfill for inert waste In Germany there are 5 landfill types divided into landfill classes (Körner et al., 2006) The waste disposed into each type depends on the quality, organic content or the toxicity of the waste In Asia, there are also different landfill types, but these are... remainder was generated by the healthcare sector (21,000 tons/yr) and agriculture (8,600 tons/yr) Few data are available regarding collection and disposal practices at healthcare and industrial facilities Industrial waste in Vietnam amounts approximately 25% of MSW but varies depending on province/region and its degree of industrialization (MONRE, 2004) Waste handling in Vietnam is mainly carried out... within two years in the laboratory of the Institute of Waste Management and Contaminated Site Treatment in Pirna, Germany The investigations included anaerobic decomposition of MSW and the influence of HMs on the anaerobic degradation and their long term leaching In the study, input MSW was collected in Dresden and prepared to reproduce exactly the waste composition in Vietnam This can be regarded as... 198 9a) is caused by the high production of volatile fatty acids and the high concentration of CO2 produced The increased concentration of anions and cations is due to leaching of easily soluble materials from organic substances Anaerobic processes are initially started by a population of mixed anaerobic microbes, e.g strictly anaerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria The facultative anaerobic... Class II Municipal waste Improved anaerobic sanitary landfill with buried leachate collection pipes Class III Hazardous waste Semi-aerobic landfill with natural ventilation and leachate collection Class IV Underground disposal site Aerobic landfill with forced aeration (Körner et al., 2006) 2.3.2 Biochemical process in landfills The mechanisms that regulate mass transfer from waste to leaching water,... there has been no research on the behaviour of the landfill body done in Vietnam Most of the landfill studies were based on the investigation of landfill leachate and gas on site The landfill of Go Cat and Phuoc Hiep in Hochiminh city can be stated as first landfills with a proper catchment system for the leachate and gas collection The leachate generation rate is about 800-1,000 m3/day and landfill gas