Giải thích từ vựng_IELTS Cambridge 11_ Test 1 crop growing skyscrapers

Reading text 1: IELTS Cambridge 11 – Test Crop-growing skyscrapers Highlighted vocabulary: No Words & Word Form Conservative (a) /kənˈsəːvətɪv/ Demography (n) /dɪˈmɒɡrəfi/  demographic (a) /dməˈɡrfɪk/ Meaning and/or Examples + Collocations = to be lower/less than the real number or amount  conservative estimate (ước lượng dè chừng) = the changing number of births, deaths, diseases, etc in a community over a period of time; the scientific study of these changes (nhân học)  relating to the population and different groups within it  demographic changes/trends/factors Hothouse (n) (in) vogue / vəʊɡ/ = a heated building, usually made of glass, used for growing plants in (nhà kính)  hothouse flowers / hothouse tomatoes = a fashion for sth / a general liking (thời trang, mốt, phổ biến, thịnh hành) Examples: • the vogue for child-centred education • Black is in vogue again • Sixties music has come back into vogue • This novel had a great vogue ten years ago Scale sth up (verb) /skeɪl/ Accommodate (v) /əˈkɒmədeɪt/ = to increase the size, amount or importance of sth (đẩy mạnh, thúc đẩy, tăng cường) Cutting-edge (a) /kʌ.tɪŋˈedʒ / Drastic (a) / ˈdræstɪk/  Drastically (adv) / ˈdræstɪkl / = the most modern / the most advanced / the newest  cutting-edge design/technology = dramatically = extreme in a way that has a sudden, serious or violent effect on sth (mạnh mẽ, dội, liệt) Examples: • Output has been drastically reduced • Things have started to go drastically wrong Efficient (a) / ɪˈfɪʃnt / ≠ inefficient (a)  efficiency (n) = working or operating quickly and effectively in an organized way (có hiệu quả, có ích, có lực, có khả năng) Examples: • efficient heating equipment • the efficient use of energy • We offer a fast, friendly and efficient service • As we get older, our bodies become less efficient = to provide sb a place or enough room to sit or to live = to serve (phục vụ) Examples: • The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests • The aircraft is capable of accommodating 28 passengers • at burning up calories fuel-efficient cars (= that not use much fuel) 10 Implement (v) /ˈɪmplɪment/  implementation (n) = to carry out / to make / to / to start doing sth (tiến hành, thực hiện, thực thi) • A new work program for young people will be implemented • the implementation of the new system 11 Proponent (n) /prəˈpəʊnənt/ Take sth for granted = advocate (n) = a person who supports an idea or an action = supporter (người ủng hộ, tán thành) 12 Take sth / sb for granted 13 14 Despoil (v) /dɪˈspɔɪl/ Verdant (a) / ˈvɜːdnt / = (1) to accept / believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it (cho điều đúng, hiển nhiên, mặc định có sẵn) = (2) If you take situations or people for granted, you not realize or show that you are grateful for how much you get from them (không biết quý trọng, xem thường) = to make a place less attractive by damaging or destroying it (phá hủy, tiêu diệt, hủy hoại) = ( of grass, plants, fields, etc ) fresh and green (xanh tươi) Semi-arid (a) /semiˈærɪd/ The rigours of sth (n) / ˈrɪɡə/ = ( of land or climate ) dry; with little rain (khô cằn, khô hạn) 17 Take a /its / their toll (v) = to have a negative effect on sb or sth (ảnh hưởng không tốt, ảnh hưởng tiêu cực) • The deepening recession has also taken its toll in the south of the country, where unemployment is rife 18 Eliminate (v) /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ = to remove or get rid of sth/sb (loại bỏ, loại trừ) • Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash 15 16 = the difficulties and unpleasant conditions of sth (điều kiện khắc nghiệt, điều kiện khắc khe, hoàn cảnh khó khăn) • The plants were unable to withstand the rigours of a harsh winter • She woke refreshed to face the rigours of a new day  elimination (n) • 19 Infectious (disease) (a) /ɪnˈfekʃəs/  infectiously (adv) /ɪnˈfekʃəsli/ the elimination of disease/poverty/crime = able to pass a disease from one person, animal, or plant to another (lan truyền, lây truyền, truyền nhiễm) • An infectious disease/patient • Flu is highly infectious 20  infectiousness (n) /ɪnˈfekʃəsnəs/ Aspiration (n) /æspəˈreɪʃn/ = a strong desire to have or sth (nguyện vọng, khát vọng) • He has never had any aspiration to earn a lot of money 21 Address (v) /əˈdres/, /ˈædres/ = to deal with, to solve (giải quyết, khắc phục) • The issue of funding has yet to be addressed 22 Detrimental (a) /detrɪˈmentl/ Detrimental to sb/sth = damaging = harmful (có hại, gây hại, bất lợi) • Detrimental effect / impact • The policy will be detrimental to the peace process • These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact on the environment • Their decision could be detrimental to the future of the company