Chuyển đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động thường gặp Tenses Active Passive Simple Present S+V+O S + be + PP.2 + by + O Present Continuous S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + PP.2 + by + O Present Perfect S + has/have + PP.2 + O S + has/have + been + PP.2 + by + O Simple Past S + V-ed + O S + was/were + PP.2 + by + O Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + PP.2 + by + O Past Perfect S + had + PP.2 + O S + had + been + PP.2 + by + O Simple Future S + will/shall + V + O S + will + be + PP.2 + by + O Future Perfect S + will/shall + have + PP.2 + O S + will + have + been + PP.2 + by + O Be + going to S + am/is/are + going to + V + O S + am/is/are + going to + be + PP.2 + by + O Model Verbs S + model verb + V + O S + model verb + be + PP.2 + by + O • S + V+ too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to something (quá làm ) • This structure is too easy for you to remember • He ran too fast for me to follow • S + V + so + adj/ adv + that +S + V (quá mà ) • This box is so heavy that I cannot take it • He speaks so soft that we can't hear anything • It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V (quá mà ) • It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it • It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all • S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to something (Đủ cho làm ) • She is old enough to get married • They are intelligent enough for me to teach them English • Have/ get + something + done (VpII) (nhờ thuê làm ) • I had my hair cut yesterday • I'd like to have my shoes òaired • It + be + time + S + V (-ed, cột 2) / It's +time +for someone +to something (đã đến lúc phải làm ) • It is time you had a shower Hoc tieng anh • It's time for me to ask all of you for this question • It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to something (làm thời gian ) • It takes me minutes to get to school • It took him 10 minutes to this exercise yesterday • To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing (ngăn cản ai/cái không làm ) • • I can't prevent him from smoking I can't stop her from tearing • S + find+ it+ adj to something (thấy để làm ) • I find it very difficult to learn about English • They found it easy to overcome that problem • To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing.(Thích gì/làm gì/ làm gì) • I prefer dog to cat • I prefer reading books to watching TV • Would rather + V (infinitive) + than + V (infinitive) (thích làm làm gì) • She would rather play games than read books • I'd rather learn English than learn Biology • To be/get Used to + V-ing (quen làm gì) • I am used to eating with chopsticks • Used to + V (infinitive) (Thường làm qk không làm nữa) • I used to go fishing with my friend when I was young • She used to smoke 10 cigarettes a day • to be amazed at = to be surprised at + N/V-ing ( ngạc nhiên ) • to be angry at + N/V-ing (tức giận về) • to be good at/ bad at + N/ V-ing (giỏi / ) • by chance = by accident (adv) (tình cờ) • to be/get tired of + N/V-ing (mệt mỏi ) • can't stand/ help/ bear/ resist + V-ing (không nhịn làm ) • to be keen on/ to be fond of + N/V-ing (thích làm ) • to be interested in + N/V-ing (quan tâm đến ) • to waste + time/ money + V-ing (tốn tiền tg làm gì) • To spend + amount of time/ money + V-ing (dành thời gian làm gì…) • To spend + amount of time/ money + on + something (dành thời gian vào việc ) • • I spend hours reading books a day She spent all of her money on clothes • to give up + V-ing/ N(từ bỏ làm gì/ ) • would like/ want/wish + to something(thích làm ) • have + (something) to + Verb(có để làm) • It + be + something/ someone + that/ who(chính mà ) • Had better + V(infinitive)(nên làm ) • hate/ like/ dislike/ enjoy/ avoid/ finish/ mind/ postpone/ practise/ consider/ delay/ deny/ suggest/ risk/ keep/ imagine/ fancy + V-ing, e.g.1: I always practise speaking English everyday • It's + adj + to + V-infinitive(quá để làm gì) • Take place = happen = occur(xảy ra) • to be excited about(thích thú) • to be bored with/ fed up with(chán gì/làm gì) • There is + N-số ít, there are + N-số nhiều(có ) • feel like + V-ing(cảm thấy thích làm ) • expect someone to something(mong đợi làm ) • advise someone to something(khuyên làm ) • go + V-ing(chỉ trỏ tiêu khiển )(go camping ) • leave someone alone(để yên ) • By + V-ing(bằng cách làm ) • want/ plan/ agree/ wish/ attempt/ decide/ demand/ expect/ mean/ offer/ pòare/ happen/ hesitate/ hope/ afford/ intend/ manage/ try/ learn/ pretend/ promise/ seem/ refuse + TO + V-infinitive VD: I decide to study English • for a long time = for years = for ages(đã nhiều năm rồi)(dùng hoàn thành) • when + S + V(QkĐ), S + was/were + V-ing • When + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii • Before + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii • After + S + had +Pii, S + V(qkd) • to be crowded with(rất đông cài ) • to be full of(đầy cài ) To be/ seem/ sound/ became/ feel/ appear/ look/ go/ turn/ grow + adj(đây động từ tri giác có nghĩa là: như/ là/ dường như/ trở nên sau chúng có adj adv phải chọn adj) • except for/ apart from(ngoài, trừ ) • as soon as(ngay sau khi) • to be afraid of(sợ ) • could hardly(hầu không)( ý: hard khác hardly) • Have difficulty + V-ing(gặp khó khăn làm ) • Chú ý phân biệt loại tính từ V-ed V-ing: dùng -ed để miêu tả người, -ing cho vật muốn nói chất người vật ta dùng -ing • That film is boring • He is bored • He is an interesting man • That book is an interesting one (khi không nên nhầm với -ed, chẳng hạn ta nói : a loved man có nghĩa "người đàn ông mến mộ", tức có nghĩa "Bị" "Được" đó) • in which = where; on/at which = when • Put + up + with + V-ing(chịu đựng ) • Make use of + N/ V-ing(tận dụng ) • Get + adj/ Pii • Make progress(tiến ) • take over + N(đảm nhiệm ) • Bring about(mang lại) Chú ý: so + adj such + N • At the end of In the end(cuối kết cục) • To find out(tìm ra),To succeed in(thành công ) • Go for a walk(đi dạo)/ go on holiday/picnic(đi nghỉ) • One of + so sánh + N(một ) • It is the first/ second /best + Time + hoàn thành • Live in(sống ở)/ Live at + địa cụ thể/ Live on (sống nhờ vào ) • To be fined for(bị phạt về) • from behind(từ phía sau ) • so that + mệnh đề(để ) • In case + mệnh đề(trong trường hợp ) • can/ could/ may might/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ must/ ought to (modal Verbs) + V-infinitive