Bài giảng ôn thi tuyển sinh sau đại học môn tiếng anh

Ôn thi tuyển sinh sau đại học Môn: Tiếng Anh Giảng viên ThS Phạm Thị Phương Dung Nội dung • Passive voice: Câu bị động • Gerund (V-ing) To Infinitive • Nghĩa của từ thể loại • Tenses: Thì • Relative Clause: Mệnh đề quan hệ • Preposition: Giới từ • Reported Speech: Câu tường thuật Nội dung • Inversion: đảo ngữ • If clause: mệnh đề if • Wishes: câu mơ ước • Comparison: So sánh tính từ trạng từ • Hòa hợp chủ ngữ động từ • Thành ngữ số lượng Passive voice • Câu trang 99, test • Câu trang 113 test • Câu trang 115 test • Câu 10 trang 115 test • Câu trang 121 test Passive Voice • Active: S + V + O+ M • Passive: S+ Be+V3/ed + M+ by O Ex: Khoa bought this book in Can Tho This book was bought in Can Tho by Khoa Passive Voice • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Simple Present am, is, are + V3,ed + … + By O Ex: My daughter cleans the floor -Simple past Was, were + V3,ed+….+ by O Ex: Nam wrote this letter Simple Future Will, shall + Be + V3,ed+…+by O Ex: She will teach our class Present continuous am, is, are + being + V3, ed+…+ by O Ex: Mary is cooking dinner - Passive Voice • • • • Past Continuous: was + being +V3, ed+…+ by O I was studying English at 2.00 yesterday - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Future Continuous: Will, Shall +be + being+ V3, ed+……+ by O Mary will be cleaning the door Present Perfect: Has, have + been + V3, ed The boy has found the key Past Perfect: had + been + V3, ed Mary had made this cake -Future Perfect: shall + have + been + V3, ed + ….+ by O He will have sold this car - Passive Voice • • • • • • • • • • • • • NEGATIVE: Saints didn’t build that temple No one looks after the children YES_NO QUESTION: Ex: Did your mother make this cake? -WH_QUESTION: Ex: Who wrote this book ? - Passive Voice • • • • • • • • • • • • VERB OF OBJECTS: (Động từ có túc từ) Indirect Oject-I.O (Túc từ gián tiếp) Direct Object (Túc từ trực tiếp) Ex 1:John gives me a book John gives a book to me Ex 2: I bought my sister some John I bought some pens for my sister TO: give, send, show (chỉ, đưa cho), lend, promise, hand, pay, read, wish, offer, read, tell, throw FOR: get (mua), order (đặt mua), spare (dành cho), bring, make, leave (bỏ lại), save (để dành), sell, buy Passive voice • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • DEFECTIVE VERBS (Động từ khiếm khuyết câu Passive) S + Def.V + Be +P.P May, might, ought to Can, could, must Ex: He can speak English NẾU TRONG CÂU ACTIVE CÓ VERBS OF PERCEPTION (động từ tri giác): SEE, WATCH, HEAR, MAKE… Thì động từ theo sau không TO chuyển thành động từ có TO câu passive Ex: He makes me it Nếu S câu ACTIVE I, HE, SHE, IT, WE, YOU, THEY, SOMEONE, PEOPLE… Any Some one body No thing Every Khi chuyển sang PASSIVE bỏ BY ME, BY HER, BY US, BY YOU, BY THEM, BY HIM, BY SOMEONE… Ex: People speak English all over the world Ex: Someone stole my purse VERB FOLLOWED BY A PREPOSITION Our sister looks after our children Inversion • Hardly had I arrived when trouble started • Seldom have I seen such an interesting film • Little did he realize the danger he faced • Never does she behave like that • Only then did I understand what she meant • Only after her death did I recognize she was my mother Inversion • Not only did we lose our money but we were nearly killed • Not a single word did she say • On no condition are they to fire • In no case can you come out of the room Inversion • Trong câu điều kiện đảo were had lên trước chủ ngữ bỏ chữ if • If I were a billionaire, I would buy that castle • Were I a billionaire, I would buy that castle • Had we not spent all the money already, we would have lent you some Expression of quantity • Câu 13 trang 99 test • Câu 20 trang 116 test Expression of quantity • Most pupils are fond of picture books • Most beer is very cheap but some beer is expensive • Most of them are intelligent • Many=a large number of (friends) • Much = a few number of (money) • A few oranges (some) • Few: friends (hardly many) Expression of quantiy • A little : beer (not much) • Little: time (hardly any) • None of this money is mine • Some of the people at the party were very friendly • All of us live in London • Half of them moved to New York last month Expression of quantity • Neither of the children want (s) to go to bed • Both Tom and Ann were late • Neither he nor she comes here • Someone wants to see you • Is anybody there? Wishes • Mơ ước thật • I wish I were you (động từ were) • Mơ ước thật khứ • I wished I hadn’t said that • I wish = if only • Câu mơ ước tương lai • I wish I could (would) go there • (were + V-ing) If clause • Sự việc xảy tương lai • S + V (hiện tại) + O, S + will, shall, may, can + V1 • Ex: We will go camping if the weather is fine • Unless the weather is fine, we won’t go camping • 2.Sự việc khó xảy tương lai If clause • If +S + Ved/2 + O, S +would/could +V1 • Ex: If I were you, I would go abroad • Sự việc thật khứ • If + S + had V3/ed, S + would/could…+ have + V3/ed • If you hadn’t been absent yesterday, you would have seen teacher Comparison of adjective • So sánh • S1 + V + Adj/Adv+As+S2+V+O • She is as tall as her mother • I drive as carefully as he does/him • S1+V+not + as/so+adj/adv+As+S2+V+O • S1+V+Less+Long adj • She is not as tall as her mother • He drives less carelessly than+S2 Comparison of adjective • S1+V+short adj-er+than+S2+V+O • short adv • Ex: He is taller than me • He types faster than me • S1+V+More+Long+adj/adv+than+S2+V+O • I drive more carefully than him Comparison of adjective • S+V+ the short adj-est+in/of+noun phrase • the most Long adj • Ex: He is the fastest worker in my company • Tom is the most careless driver that I’ve ever known Irregular adjective • Good/well better • Bad/badly worse worst • Many/much • Little • Old • Far more less best most least older/elder oldest/eldest farther/further farthest/furthest [...]... từ theo sau là Ving • • • • • • • • • • Start: bắt đầu To be no good: không tốt Can’t stand/help: không thể dừng Consider: xem xét Dislike: không thích Escape: tẩu thoát Hate: ghét Mean: nghĩa là Practice: tập luyện Suggest: đề nghị Những động từ theo sau là Ving • • • • • • • • • To be no use: không có tác dụng gì Can’t bear: không thể chịu đựng Delay: trì hoãn Like: thích Fancy: thích Imagine: tưởng... has money problem He’s thinking about (to get) a job • I can’t help (to sneeze) because I caught a cold • They hate (listen) to Rap music Những động từ theo sau bởi Gerund và To-infinitive • Regret, remember, forget + V-ing: đã làm • Regret, remember, forget + to-V: để làm • I regret spending so much money • We regret to inform you that you have failed this exam Những động từ theo sau bởi V-ing và To-infinitive... don’t allow me to go out at night • They don’t allow going into that room Những động từ theo sau là V-ing và To-infinitive • Stop + to inf: dừng lại để làm gì • V-ing: bỏ luôn, nghỉ luôn • He stops to smoke, but the wind is so strong • He can’t do it • My father stopped smoking 2 years ago Những động từ theo sau là V-ing và to inf • Try +to inf: cố gắng để làm gì đó • Try+ Ving: thử để kiểm tra, thử...Passive voice • Causative form: nhờ bảo, sai khiến Chủ động :S+ have + O (person) + V (bare Infinitive) +O (thing) Bị động : S + have +O (thing) + V3 • Ex: I have the barber cut my hair I have my hair cut by the barber Passive voice • • • • • Bị động kép : Động từ chính ở hiện tại People + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report…+that + clause It’s + thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…+... động từ theo thường được theo sau bởi “To infinitive” • • • • • • • • • • • • • Attempt: cố gắng Aim: nhắm, hướng vào Be: phải Demand: yêu cầu Fail: thất bại Hope: hy vọng Plan: lên kế hoạch Intend: dự định Tend: có khuynh hướng Agree: đồng ý Appear: xuất hiện Beg: van xin Declare: tuyên bố Một số động từ theo sau là “to infinitive” • • • • • • • • • • • • Forget: quên Learn: học Prepare: chuẩn bị Refuse:... reminded us (to fasten) the belts Những động từ theo sau là V-ing • • • • • • • • • • • • • Admit: thừa nhận, thú nhận Advise: khuyên Avoid: tránh né Anticipate: đoán trước Delay: hoãn lại Deny: từ chối Dislike: không thích Discuss: thảo luận Consider: xem xét Enjoy: thích thú Escape: tẩu thoát Excuse: thứ lỗi Finish: hoàn thành Những động từ theo sau là V-ing • • • • • • • • • • • • Forgive: tha thứ... Những động từ theo sau là V-ing Quit: bỏ, ngừng,nghỉ Recollect: nhớ lại Risk: liều Suggest: đề nghị Stop: ngừng Try: cố gắng Understand: hiểu To be used to: đã từng • • • • • • • • • • • Avoid: tránh né Deny: từ chối Finish: hoàn thành Keep: giữ To be worth: đáng giá Detest: ghét Dread: kinh sợ Forgive: tha thứ Love: yêu Postpone: trì hoãn Resist: kháng cự, chống lại Những động từ theo sau là Ving • •... thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported… +to + have PII Ex: People think he stole my motorbike – It’s thought that he stole my motorbike – He is thought to have stolen my motorbike Passive voice • Dạng đặc biệt (câu 8 p 99, test 4) • Active: S+ have, has, had, be having+ someone+ V1 • Passive:S+ have, has,had, be having+ something+V3/Ved… • Ex: I have the barber cut my hair I have my hair cut Passive... từ chối Determine: quyết định Hesitate: do dự, ngập ngừng Manage: xoay sở được, giải quyết Promise: hứa Một số động từ theo sau là to infinitive • • • • • • • • • • • Seem: dường như, có vẻ Want: muốn Arrange: sắp xếp Claim: đòi, quả quyết Decide: quyết định Expect: mong chờ, trông đợi Remind: nhắc nhở Offer: Biếu, tặng Prove: chứng minh Volunteer: xung phong, tình nguyện Advise: khuyên bảo Exercises... test 6 (Mệnh đề danh từ) • I am not sure where it was made Passive voice • Câu 11 trang 115 test 6 • He was sacked after having an argument with his supervisor (meaning) • Câu 16 trang 116 test 6 • Children can be instructed in swimming They can be taught how to swim (Động từ khiếm khuyết: model verbs meaning) Passive voice • Câu 4 trang 121 test 6 • Dạng đặc biệt • They/People + believe/think/say/report ... theo sau không TO chuyển thành động từ có TO câu passive Ex: He makes me it Nếu S câu ACTIVE I, HE, SHE, IT, WE, YOU, THEY, SOMEONE, PEOPLE… Any Some one body No thing... Infinitive) +O (thing) Bị động : S + have +O (thing) + V3 • Ex: I have the barber cut my hair I have my hair cut by the barber Passive voice • • • • • Bị động kép : Động từ People + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report…+that... kháng cự, chống lại Những động từ theo sau Ving • • • • • • • • • • Start: bắt đầu To be no good: không tốt Can’t stand/help: dừng Consider: xem xét Dislike: không thích Escape: tẩu thoát Hate: ghét