LESSON 9: ĐỘNG TỪ VING HAY V TO INFINITIVE GERUND Cách sử dụng • Là chủ ngữ câu: dancing bored him • Bổ ngữ động từ: her hobby is painting • Là bổ ngữ: Seeing is believing • Sau giới từ: He was accused of smuggling • Sau vài động từ: avoid, mind, enjoy, TO-INFINITIVE Cách dùng To-infinitive: Verb + to V Những động từ sau theo sau trực tiếp to-infinitive: agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, fail, endeavour, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, try, volunteer, expect, want, Một số cách dùng đặc biệt Ex: - She agreed to pay $50 + Những động từ sau theo - Two men failed to return from the sau V-ing: admit, avoid, delay, expedition enjoy, excuse, consider, deny, - The remnants refused to leave finish, imagine, forgive, keep, - She volunteered to help the mind, miss, postpone, practise, disabled resist, risk, propose, detest, - He learnt to look after himself dread, resent, pardon, try, fancy Ex: Verb + how/ what/ when/ - He admitted taking the money where/ which/ why + to V - Would you consider selling the Những động từ sử dụng công thức property? là: - He kept complaining ask, decide, discover, find out, - He didn't want to risk getting forget, know, learn, remember, wet see, show, think, understand, want to know, wonder + Verbs + prepositions: apologize Ex: for, accuse of, insist on, feel like, - He discovered how to open the congratulate on, suspect of, look safe forward to, dream of, succeed in, - I found out where to buy fruit object to, approve/disapprove of cheaply - She couldn't think what to say + Gerund theo sau - I showed her which button to cụm từ như: press - It's no use / It's no good - There's no point ( in) Verb + Object + to V - It's ( not) worth Những động từ theo công thức - Have difficult ( in) là: - It's a waste of time/ money advise, allow, enable, encourage, GERUND - Spend/ waste time/money - Be/ get used to - Be/ get accustomed to - Do/ Would you mind ? - be busy doing something - What about ? How about ? - Go + V-ing ( go shopping, go swimming ) TO-INFINITIVE forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, remind, train, urge, want, tempt Ex: - These glasses will enable you to see in the dark - She encouraged me to try again - They forbade her to leave the house - They persuaded us to go with them * Note: Một số động từ với động từ nguyên thể V-ing, so sánh khác ý nghĩa chúng Stop V-ing: dừng làm (dừng hẳn) Stop to V: dừng lại để làm việc Ex: – Stop smoking: dừng hút thuốc – Stop to smoke: dừng lại để hút thuốc Remember/forget/regret to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc phải làm (ở – tương lai) Remember/forget/regret V-ing: nhớ/quên/tiếc làm (ở khứ) Ex: – Remember to send this letter (hãy nhớ gửi thư này) – Don’t forget to buy flowers (đừng quên mua hoa nhé) – I regret to inform you that the train was cancelled (tôi tiếc phải báo tin – cho anh chuyến tàu bị hủy) – I paid her $2 I still remember that I still remember paying her $2 (tôi nhớ trả cô đô la rồi) – She will never forget meeting the Queen (cô không quên lần gặp nữ hoàng) – He regrets leaving school early It is the biggest mistake in his life (Anh hối tiếc bỏ học sớm) Try to V: cố gắng làm Try V-ing: thử làm Ex: – I try to pass the exam (tôi cố gắng vượt qua kỳ thi) – You should try unlocking the door with this key (bạn nên thử mở cửa với khóa này) Like V-ing: Thích làm thú vị, hay, hút, làm để thường thức Like to do: làm việc tốt cần thiết Ex: – I like watching TV – I want to have this job I like to learn English Prefer V-ing to V-ing Prefer + to V + rather than (V) Ex: – I prefer driving to traveling by train – I prefer to drive rather than travel by train Mean to V: Có ý định làm Mean V-ing: Có nghĩa Ex: – He doesn’t mean to prevent you from doing that (Anh ý ngăn cản bạn làm việc đó.) – This sign means not going into (Biển báo có ý nghĩa không vào trong.) Need to V: cần làm Need V-ing: cần làm (= need to be done) Ex: – I need to go to school today – Your hair needs cutting (= your hair needs to be cut) Used to V: từng/thường làm khứ (bây không làm nữa) Be/Get used to V-ing: quen với việc (ở tại) Ex: – I used to get up early when I was young (Tôi thường dậy sớm trẻ) – I’m used to getting up early (Tôi quen với việc dậy sớm rồi) Advise/allow/permit/recommend + Object + to V: khuyên/cho phép/ đề nghị làm Advise/allow/permit/recommend + V-ing: khuyên/cho phép, đề nghị làm Ex: – He advised me to apply at once – He advised applying at once – They don’t allow us to park here – They don’t allow parking here See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + V-ing: cấu trúc sử dụng người nói chứng kiến phần hành động See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + V: cấu trúc sử dụng người nói chứng kiến toàn hành động Ex: – I see him passing my house everyday – She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising – We saw him leave the house – I heard him make arrangements for his journey Bài Tập Ving - To V Question He often lets other people _ ahead A move B to move C moving Question Would you mind _ me lunch? A buy Question 11 By _ enormous wages she persuaded him to work for her A offer B to offer C offering Question 12 Try your past A forget B to buy C buying Question I prefer to walking A drive B to drive C driving Question on this beach is very pleasant A Lie B To lie C Lying Question I tried _ it to him, but he didn't understand A explain B to explain C explaining Question After _ the conditions I left A B to hear C hearing hear Question I suggested _ out in the rain B to forget C forgetting Question 13 There's no point in _ such dangerous things A B to C doing Question 14 He postponed _ to the cinema A go B to go C going Question 15 It is usually easier English in English-speaking countrie s A learn B to learn C learning Question 16 It is not worth _ about A worry B to worry C worrying Question 17 A not go B not to go C not going Question I decided _ for the competition A enter B to enter C entering Question Some people seem _ very kind A B C be to be being Question 10 I have a passion for _ to the newspapers A write B to write C writing Did you remember him the key? A give B to give C giving Question 18 I didn't dare my mother because she felt very sick A leave B to leave C leaving Question 19 I know my hair needs A wash B to wash C washing Question 20 He keeps me such stupid questions A ask B to ask C asking ... Like to do: làm việc tốt cần thiết Ex: – I like watching TV – I want to have this job I like to learn English Prefer V- ing to V- ing Prefer + to V + rather than (V) Ex: – I prefer driving to traveling... persuaded us to go with them * Note: Một số động từ v i động từ nguyên thể V- ing, so sánh khác ý nghĩa chúng Stop V- ing: dừng làm (dừng hẳn) Stop to V: dừng lại để làm việc Ex: – Stop smoking:... going into (Biển báo có ý nghĩa không v o trong.) Need to V: cần làm Need V- ing: cần làm (= need to be done) Ex: – I need to go to school today – Your hair needs cutting (= your hair needs to be