Thiết kế bài giảng sinh học 11 nâng cao (tập 2) phần 2

Phan bay: SINH THAI HOC ChuongI CO THE VA MOI TRUONG ^ Bai 47 MOI TRUONG VA CAC NHAN TO SINH THAI I MUC TIEU Kien thiirc • HS hidu va trinh bay dugc khdi niem mdi trudng, phan biet mdi trudng vd sinh va mdi trudng him sinh • HS ndu dugc cac khdi niem: Nhan to sinh thai, gidi han sinh thai, khoang thuan lgi va khoang chdng chiu, lodi cd viing phan bd rdng, loai cd viing phan bd hep • HS hidu khai niem d sinh thai, vai trd cua d sinh thai dd'i vdi ddi sdng cua cac lodi • HS van dung li thuydt gidi thich hien tugng thuc td KTnang • Phan tich, so sanh • Khai quat tdng hgp • Van dung If thuyet vao thuc tidn II CHUAN Bj • Tranh hinh SGK phdng to • Hlnh 47.1, 47.2 SGK phdng to • Tu lieu lien quan den bai hgc • GV dgc kT thdng tin bd sung SGV trang 255, 256 258 III HOAT DONG DAY - HOC Kiem tra GV kiem tra bdo cao thuc hanh ciia HS Trong tam • Cdc khdi niem chinh ve mdi trudng, cdc nhan td sinh thdi, d sinh thai, y nghTa ciia cdc khdi niem • Nhdn manh mdi quan he hai chieu giiia co the va mdi trudng: Mdi trudng tdc ddng len co the, co the phan iing lai cdc tac ddng dd bdng nhiing phan iing thich nghi Hon nira co the cdn lam cho mdi trudng bien ddi Bai mdi Md bai: GV gidi thieu ndi dung phdn suih thdi hgc va gidi ban vao chuong, bai hgc Hogt dpng TIM HIEU VE MOI TRUING Muc tieu: • HS hieu va trinh bay dUgc khdi niem mdi trudng • HS phan biet dugc cdc loai mdi trudng sdng chu ydu ciia sinh vat Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS - GV neu yeu cdu: - HS boat ddng ea nhan + Nghien eiiu SGK trang nhan bidt kidn thiic tir 195 muc I kdt hgp vdi viec nghien ciiu SGK kie'n thiic sinh hgc - HS van dung kidn thiic -> trao ddi nhdm thdng + Tra ldi cau hdi: nha't cdc y kien ° Mdi trudng Id gi? Npi dung \ ° Sir thich nghi cua sinh - HS neu dugc: vat vdi mdi trudng the + Khai niem mdi trudng hien nhu the nao? + Su thich nghi cua sinh ° Cd nhiing mdi trudng vat vdi mdi trudng the hien d hinh thdi, sinh li, sdng nao? tap tinh Vi du: Cd cd hinh thoi thon dai, chim, doi cd cdnh de bay + Cd loai mdi trudng 259 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung - GV nhan xet, danh gia - Dai dien HS trinh bay * Khdi niem mdi trUdng: va giiip HS hodn thien ldp nhan xet bd sung Mdi trudng la phdn kien thiic khdng gian bao quanh sinh vat ma d dd cdc yeu to cdu tao ndn mdi trudng true tidp hay gian tidp tac ddng ldn su sinh trudng va phat tridn ciia sinh vat - Mdi lodi sinh vat cd mdi trudng sdng dac trung, d mdi trudng sdng nao sinh vat ddu cd - HS cd the ndu cac vi du nhiing phan iing thfch minh boa: nghi vd hinh thai, dac + Luon sdng chui ludn diem sinh li, sinh thai va ddt biin: Mdt tieu tap tfnh giam, minh dai trdn va cd * Cdc logi mdi trudng chdt nhdy sdng: + Da dieu sdng noi khd, - Mdi trudng ddt: Gdm ndng, de triing ed vd eac ldp ddt cd sau Cling khac nhau: Gdm cdc sinh + Giun sdn ki sinh vat ddt CO the ngudi va ddng vat - Mdi trudng trdn can: cd chan, mdt tidu giam Gdm mat ddt va ldp khf nhung mde bdm phdt quyen gdn mat ddt: Phdn trien, sinh san nhieu ldn sinh vat + Cdng sinh giiia trung va mdi, vi khuan not rd cay - Mdi trudng nude: Gdm vimg nude nggt, nude lo dau va nude man: Sinh vat thuy sinh - Mdi trudng sinh vat gdm thuc vat, ddng vat va ngudi: Sinh vat ki sinh, cdng sinh 260 Hogt dpng TIM HIEU NHAN TO SINH THAI Muc tieu: • HS hieu va trinh bay dugc khdi niem nhan td sinh thai • Phan biet nhan to vd sinh va him sinh • Y nghTa cua cac nhan td sinh thai Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung - GV ndu cau hdi: - HS van dung kie'n thiic + Cd nhiing nhan to sinh sinh hgc kdt hgp vdi thai nao? Cho vf du minh SGK trang 195 muc II tra ldi hoa + Nhan to sinh thai la gi? + Theo dac tfnh tdc ddng - Ydu cdu neu dugc: nhan td vd sinh gdm + Khai niem nhung dang nao? + nhdm nhan to sinh thdi dd la nhan td vd sinh, nhan to hiru sinh + Nhan to vd sinh gdm cdc nhdm: Nhan to vat If, hod hgc, khf hau + Vf du: Ndng chdt thai tir nha mdy -> phdng xa, ndng ndng, bang gia - Dai dien HS tra ldi -> ldp nhan xet bd sung - GV nhan xet, ddnh gia va giiip HS hoan thien kie'n thiic * Khdi niem nhdn to' sinh thdi: Nhan td sinh thai la cac ydu to mdi trudng, tac ddng va chi phdi den ddi sdng sinh vat 261 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung * Cdc logi nhdn to sinh thdi: - Nhan to vd sinh bao gdm: + Nhan td vat If + Nhan td hod hgc + Nhan td khf hau, ddt, nude, dia hinh - Nhan td hiiu sinh bao gdm cdc CO the sdng nhu ddng vat, thuc vat, ndm, ngudi Hogt dpng NHUNG QUY LUAT TAC D O N G CUA CAC N H A N TO SINH THAI VA GI6I HAN SINH THAI Muc tieu: • HS hieu va trinh bdy dugc cdc quy luat tac ddng ciia cdc nhan to sinh thai dac biet la ehdt lugng va sd lugng ciia nhan to • HS hieu va trinh bay dugc khdi niem gidi ban sinh thai, phan biet cdc loai gidi ban sinh thai • HS van dung If thuyet dd giai thfch thuc td Hogt dpng cda GV - GV neu yeu cdu: + Nghien ciiu SGK trang 196 muc 111(1) + Trinh bay cdc quy luat tac ddng ciia cdc nhan to sinh thai, cho vf du minh boa Hogt dpng cua HS Cac quy luat tac dgng - HS boat ddng cd nhan nhan bie't kien thiic tir viec nghien ciiu SGK va kie'n thiic tir thuc td - Trao ddi nhdm thdng nha't y kidn tra ldi + Tdc ddng ciia cac nhan - Yeu cdu neu dugc: to sinh thai Idn co the + quy luat tdc ddng sinh vat phu thudc vao ydu to ndo? ^ + Vf du 262 Npi dung Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung ° Cd sdng d nude chiu tac ddng cua nhiet do, anh sang, lugng dxi hod tan nude ° Khi nhiet mdi trudng la 8"C chd, meo xu ldng chd'ng ret, nhung bd sat, e'ch nhai lai trdn sau hang de trdnh ret ° Anh sang cdn cho Id cay quang hgp, nhung dnh sang gay gdt cd the ddt chay Id + Cac ydu to phu thudc: ° Ban ehdt nhan to ° Cudng nhan td ° Lieu lugng ° Cdch tdc ddng ° Thdi gian tdc ddng a) Cdc quy lugt tdc dpng - GV nhan xet, ddnh gid - Dai dien HS tra ldi -> - Nhan to sinh thai tdc va bd sung kidn thiic ldp nhan xet ddng ciing mdt liic ldn co the sinh vat - Cae loai khdc phan ling khac vdi tdc ddng nhu cua mdt nhdn to sinh thai - Trong cac giai doan phdt trien hay trang thai sinh If khdc co the phdn ling khdc vdi tac ddng nhu cua mdt nhan to 263 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung - Cdc nhan td sinh thai tac ddng ldn co the cd the thiic day ldn hoac gay anh hudng trdi ngugc b) Cdc ye'u to phit thupc - Ban cha't ciia cac tac ddng ( nhan to vat If, hoa hgc, sinh h g c ) - HS cd the neu vi du: Chat ddc mau da cam: Vdi mdt lidu lugng manh va tdc ddng lidn tuc gay rung la va lam chdt cay - Cudng tdc ddng: Manh hay ydu - Cdch tac ddng: Lien tuc, gidn doan, dn dinh dao ddng - Thdi gian tdc ddng: Dai hay ngdn Gidi han sinh thai - HS boat ddng cd nhan: + Nghien cim SGK trang Nhan bidt kidn thiic tur viec nghien ciiu SGK 196 + Quan sat hinh 47.1 - Trao ddi nhdm thdng nha't y kie'n trang 196 - GV neu yeu cdu: + Tra ldi cau hdi: - Yeu cdu neu dugc: ° Gidi ban sinh thdi la gi? + Khdi niem gidi ban sinh thai ° Dac diem gidi ban sinh + Dac didm cua gidi ban thdi? sinh thdi la cd cac khoang + Giai thfch su khdc thuan lgi, chd'ng chiu ve siifc sdng ciia sinh vat d + Khoang thuan lgi cay cdc khoang thuan lgi va phdt trien tdt nhat khoang chdng chiu theo nhiet tir 16-24"C nhan td nhiet + Khoang chd'ng chiu trdn hay dudi cay sinh trudng phdt trien cham 264 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung (nhd hon 8"C vd ldn hon 32"C) + Vugt ngoai khoang chd'ng chiu cay se chet khdng quang hgp dugc thie'u nude, dd bi sau benh + Gidi ban sinh thai lien quan den viing phan bd va tudi cua sinh vat - GV nhan xet, ddnh gid - Dai dien HS trinh bdy va giiip HS hoan thien (Cd the trinh bay trdn tranh hinh) -> Ldp kie'n thiic nhan xet bd sung - HS cd the ndu them vf * Khdi niem: - Gidi ban sinh thai la du: + Ech ddng cd gidi ban khoang gia tri xac dinh sinh thai vdi nhiet tii cua mdt nhan to sinh thai 15"C -^ 40"C, khoang dd sinh vat cd thd tdn thuan lgi la 25"C - > tai va phdt trien dn dinh theo thdi gian 30"C + cay liia quang hgp tdt - Vf du: Cd rd phi sdng d nhdt d nhiet 20 - 35"C gidi ban nhiet 5"C - > 42"C + Rimg thdng chiu nhiet * Ddc diem: tir 0"C - > 30"C - Khoang thuan lgi: Cdc nhan to sinh thdi d miic phii hgp dam bdo cho sinh vat thuc hien chiic nang sdng tdt nhat - Khoang chd'ng khoang ciia cac sinh thai gay lie boat ddng sinh If vat chiu: La nhan to chd cho cua sinh 265 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung - Loai cd gidi han sinh thai rdng cd viing phan bd rdng va ngugc lai Hogt dpng TIM HIEU NOI VA SINH THAI Muc tieu: • HS hieu va trinh bay khdi niem a sinh thai, phan biet dugc noi d va d sinh thai • HS phan tfch vai trd cua d sinh thai dd'i vdi ddi sdng sinh vat • HS bie't phan tfch cdc hien tugng thuc td Hogt dpng cda GV - GV neu yeu cdu: Hogt dpng cda HS - HS boat ddng nhdm + Nghien ciiu SGK muc + Cd nhan nhan bidt kie'n thiic tir viec nghien ciiu IV trang 197 + Quan sdt phan tfch cae tranh hlnh va thdng tin tranh hinh 47.2, 47.3 SGK SGK trang 197 va hinh + Trao ddi nhdm 47.1 SGV trang 258 thdng nhdt y kie'n trd ldi + Phan biet noi d va d + HS ndu dugc: sinh thai ° Khai niem noi sdng va d sinh thai ° Hlnh 47.2 the hien d sinh thai ciia loai khdng trimg (loai C, D) va d sinh thai trimg (lodi A, B) ° Hlnh 47.3 cd loai chim ciing sdng mdt noi dd la tan cay ° lodi chim kiem an d cac tdng Id khac ngudn thiic an khac 266 Npi dung Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung ddn tdi cdch kid'm an va cdu tao md cung khac ° Hlnh 47.1 SGV thd hien khdng gian nhieu chieu dugc hinh thdnh bdi td hgp eac gidi ban sinh thai nhu nhiet do, dm, lugng khoang + Noi d chi la chd cu trii cdn d sinh thdi lidn quan ddn cdc nhan to sinh thai tdc ddng len co the sinh vat - GV nhan xet, danh gid va sii dung thdng tin bd sung de giang giai ve d sinh thai - GV neu yeu cdu: + Quan sat kT hlnh 47.2 + Tra ldi cau hdi: Nguydn nhan xay cdc miic canh tranh giira cac loai noi sdng? - Dai dien HS trinh bay -> ldp nhan xet bd sung - HS van dung kien thiic tra Idi dugc + Do d sinh thdi triing -^ canh tranh + Miic dd canh tranh phu thudc vdo phdn giao giQa loai ldn hay nhd + O dinh dudng cd vai trd quan trgng vi lidn quan + De tranh xay canh de'n su tdn tai va cdc chiic tranh tu nhidn tuan nang khdc theo quy dinh nhu the + Cd dai canh tranh manh nao? Dieu dugc dp me vdi cay trdng dung san xudt nhu + Canh tranh giiia cac the nao? due ciing mdt lodi + Phan tfch vf du cu the mua sinh san + Canh tranh noi lam id de de tning dp triing 267 OAPANBANG65.5: SLTPHAN CHIA CAC N H M SINH VAT DLfA VAOGlOl HAN SINH THAI Yeu to sinh thii anh sang Nhdm dgng vat Nhom thiic vat - NhPm cay ua sang, nhom cay ua bong - Nhom dpng vat ua sang - Nhom dpng vat ua tdi - cay dai, cay ngan Nhiet dp Thuc vat bidn nhiet - Opng vat bidn nhiet - Opng vat hang nhiet Op am - Thuc vat ua am, thuc vat ua a'm vCra - Dpng vat ua am - Opng vat ua khd - Thuc vat chiu han eAPANBANG65.6: QUAN HE CONG LOAl VA KHAC LOAI Quan he Khac loai Ciing toil Metro Quan tu, bay dan hay hpp xa hpi Canh tranh ddi khang Canh tranh an thit Hpi sinh, hgp sinh, cdng sinh Ham sinh, canh tranh, mdi, vat dQ, vat chu, vat kf sinh Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS - GV ydu cdu nhdm trinh bay phdn Nhdm cd the trinh bay: • chudn bi -> ldp theo ddi - Bang 65.7 vidt tren gidy Ao rdi dan len bang den - Bai 8: vie't cum tfl nhu: thuc vat, ddng vat an thuc vdt, ddng vat an thit, sinh vat phan giai vao cdc d gidy rdi dinh vao so dd sau dd danh mui tdn, bidu thi md'i quan he - Bai 9: Nhdm phdng to hlnh 65.2 sau dd danh sd thfl tu vao cdc d va trinh bay tdm tdt mdi quan he gifla cac cap td chflc sdng va mdi trudng - Ldp theo ddi, thao ludn va bd sung 431 DAPANBANGSS.?: oAc Diiw cAc CAP I6 CH(JC S6NG Cap to chirc song Quan t h i Khii niem Dac diem Bao gdm nhOng ca the cung loai, cung sdng khu vuc nhat djnh, d mpt thdi dilm nha't djnh giao phdi tu vdi tao hd he mdi - Co cac dac trung ve: Mat dp, ti IP gidi tfnh, tudi - Cac ca t h i cP mdi quan he sinh thai hd trg hoac canh tranh - Sd lugng ca the bidn dpng theo chu ki hoac khdng theo chu ki, dugc dieu chinh d mure can bang Quan xa Bao gdm cac quan the khac loai, cung sdng mpt khong gian xac djnh cd mdi quan he sinh thai mat thiet vdi d l tdn tai va phat trie'n dn djnh theo thdi gian Co cac tfnh chat co ban ve sd lugng va phan cac loai, ludn cd su khdng chd tao nen su can bang sinh hpc vd sd lugng ca thi - Su thay thd kd tidp cua cac quan xa theo thdi gian gpi la dien thd sinh thai He sinh thai Sinh quyln Bao gdm quan xa va khu vuc sdng cua no, cac sinh vat ludn cP su tudng tac lan va vdi mdi trudng tao nen cac chu trinh sinh dja hoa va su bien ddi nang lugng - Mdi quan he dinh dudng la quan trpng thdng qua chuPi ludi thurc an La mpt he sinh thai khdng Id va nha't tren hanh tinh Gdm nhung khu sinh hpc dac trung cho nhung vung dja If, khf hau xac dinh thupc nhPm tren can, dudi nude - Ddng nang lugng hp sinh thai dugc van chuyin qua cac bac dinh dudng cua cac chudi thurc an Dap an bai 8, bai nhu SGK trang 342, 343 Hogt dpng TRA L I C A U HOI TRAC NGHIEM Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS - GV yeu cdu cae nhdm viet ddp an len - Dai dien —> nhdm viet dap an tren bang de ldp theo ddi bang - Ldp theo ddi, nhan xet, bd sung (sfla tren bang) - Cdc nhdm trao ddi va tra ldi rd li chgn dap dn 432 Hogt dpng cua HS Hogt dpng cda GV - GV nhan xet, danh gid Dap an phdn cau hdi trdc nghiem: - GV thdng bao ddp an dung IB, 2C, 3D, 4B, 5C, 6B, 7D, 8C, 9D, IOC - GV cdn ndm duoc so nhdm cd nhieu cdu trd ldi dung va so nhdm cdn sai d cac bai dd tim hidu li do, sau dd GV giang gidi chung cho ca ldp w^ Kiem tra danh gia GV nhan xet phdn chuan bi va ddnh gid boat ddng tren ldp cua cdc nhdm sau dd GV cd the cho diem Dan On tap toan bd kien thflc chuong trinh THPT vd td bao, sinh hgc vi sinh, sinh trudng phat tridn, sinh san sinh thai Bai 66 ^ TONG KET TOAN CAP I MUC TIEU • Tdng ke't kie'n thflc Idp 10, 11, 12 neu bat cac dac diem cua he sdng - He sdng la he md gdm nhidu cdp bac td chflc lien quan vdi vdi mdi trudng sdng - He sdng la he md tdn tai va phdt trien nhd trao ddi vat chat nang lugng - He sdng la he ludn tien boa va kdt qua tao nen he da dang ve td chflc va chflc nang • Ren kl nang tu tdng hgp • Nang cao quan diem khoa hgc, vat bien chirng vd the gidi sdng, nang cao y thflc hudng nghiep, dp dung khoa hgc va cdng nghiep, dp dung khoa hgc va cdng nghe vdo thuc tidn san xudt va ddi sdng II CHUAN B! HS chuan bi cdc ndi dung d nha nhu sau: • Tdl: Phdn TIL S.Hoc 12/2NC 433 • Td 2: Phdn III (1,2,3) • Td 3: Phdn III (4) Phdn IV (1) • Td 4: Phdn IV (2) III HOAT DONG DAY - HOC Kiem tra GV kidm tra phdn chudn bi bai d nha cua cac nhdm Trong tam He thdng boa kien thflc Bai mdi • GV neu yeu cdu cua bai hgc • GV neu yeu cdu cua HS trinh bay cdc dac diem eua he sdng Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cua HS - GV ydu cdunhdm trinh bay phdn - Nhdm cfl dai dien treo bang 66.1; chudn bi d nhd 66.2; 66.3 da chudn bi trdn gidy AO len bang den - Dai dien nhdm ldn lugt trinh bay cac ndi dung -^ ldp nhan xet bd sung - Cae nhdm theo ddi, so sanh ke't qua - GV nhan xet, danh gia rdi thdngi bdo va sfla chfla neu cdn dap dn dung -^ cic nhdm theo ddi DAPANBANG66.1: SO SANH T ^ Cau true Mang sinh BAO NHAN SO VA NHAN THl/C Tebao nhan sa Te bao nhan thuc Mang liporotein theo md hinh kham dpng Mang liporotein theo mP hinh kham dpng Chua phan vung, chua cd cac bao quan Ougc phan viing, chura nhidu bao quan phurc phurc tap tap CO td churc khac chat Te bao chat Nhan Chua phan hoa: Chi la the nhan (nucleotit) la Phan hoa nhan tach khoi td bao chat phan tur ADN tran dang vdng nam true tiep bang mang nhan Nhan cd cau tao phurc tap td bao chat gdm NST (ADN cd dang thing, IJ6n kdt vdi prdtein histon) 434 DAPANBANG66.2: SO S A N H Ngi dung Thanh td bao Mang sinh chat T ^ BAO THirc VAT VA D O N G TB thuc vat VAT TB dgng vat - Xenlulozo cumg -> bao v6 Lipoprdtein -^ trao ddi chat Khdng cP Liporotein - > trao ddi chat Td bao chat - Ludi npi chat - Cd - > chuyin hoa cacbohidrat va lipit - Cd ^ chuyin hoa cacbohidrat va lipit - Ludi npi chat cd hat - Co ^ tdng hgp prtein - Cd - > tdng hgp protein - Bp may Gongi - Cd -> ddng gPi san pham protein va glico protein - Cd ^ dPng gPi san pham protein, glicoprotein -TithI - Cd ho hap hidu khf - Co - > hP hap hidu khf - Luc lap - Cd luc lap -^ quang tu dudng - Khdng cP luc lap -^ tu dudng - Trung tijr ' - KhPng co -^ tao pha phan bao - Co ^ tao pha phan bao - Khong bao - Cd phd bien - > tao sure truong tfch luy cac chat - ft CO -> tao sure truong tfch liJy cac chat - Vi sgi, vi dng - ft cd - > nang dd, van dpng - Phd bidn ->• nang dd van ddng - Mang nhan - Cd ^ trao ddi chat giCTa nhan va td bao chat - Cd -> trao ddi chat giUa nhan va td bao chat -NST - Cd - » chura thdng tin di truyen - Cd - ^ chura thdng tin di truydn - Cd ^ cung cap riboxom - Co ^ cung cap riboxom - Nhan - Cd thoi phan bao, phan chia NST vd td bao - Co thoi phan bao va phan bao, phan chia NST vd TB - Bp may phan bao - Phan td bao chat bang vach ngang - Phan td bao chat bang cd that Nhan td bao OAPANBANG66.3: OAC TfNH SINH HOC VA ? NGHiA KINH T^ cCiA VI KHUAN Vidu y nghJa kinh te Phuong thurc dinh dudng Vi khuan nitrat hoa ecoli, vi khuan lam, vi khuan ti'a Hoa tu dudng, hoa di dudng, quang tu dudng, quang dj dudng Sinh trudng phat triln Vi khuan ecoli sau 20' sd lugng td bao tang gap ddi Sinh trudng nhanh, tang nhanh sd lugng td bao quan thd theo don vi thdi gian Sinh san Ecoli, xa khuan Phan ddi, chdi va tao bao tur Co Igi San xuat bia, rugu, sura chua, tuong, mudi dua ca Suf dung cdng nghifp len men, cdng nghiep didu chd khang sinh, vacxin Cdhai Vi rut gay bpnh kham thudc la, ca chua, HIV gay AIDS d ngudi, vi khuan lao, ta Gay benh cho cay trdng vat nudi Dac tinh sinh hgc S.Hoc 12/2NC 435 Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cda HS GV neu yeu cdu: Nhdm trinh bay cae - Dai dien nhdm trinh bay ndi dung d ndi dung chuan bi d nha cdc bang 66.4, 66.5, 66.6, 66.7 - Phuong thflc + Bang 66.4, 66.5 -> nhdm trinh bay tdm tdt ndi dung d bang 66.4, 66.5 - GV nhan xet, ddnh gia va thdng bao + Bang 66.6, 66.7 nhdm ghi ndi dung dap an dung -> cdc nhdm theo ddi, tu cac manh bia rdi gdn vao bang sua chfla ndu cdn - Sau cdc nhdm theo ddi ndi dung -^ trao ddi va nhan xet, bd xung DAPANBANG66.4: SO S A N H PHU'ONG THCrc CHUYDN HOA V A T C H A T V A N A N G LL/ONG THl/C V A l VA D O N G VAT Phuang fhUc chuyen hoi Thuc vat Ddng vat - Trao ddi nude va chat khoang - Hap thu nude va mudi khoang nhd re, van chuyin nhd mach gd - Trao ddi van chuydn nude va chat khoang chu ydu qua hp hd hap, hp tieu hoa, tuan hoan va bai tidt - Nude thoat khdi cay qua bd mat la va khf khdng - Cac chat hOii co dugc van chuyin tu la ddn tham qua mach day Tieu hoa Van chuydn phan phdi chat va bai tie't Cac chat dugc phan giai va tdng hgp xay te bao - Cd he tiPu hoa, cac tuydn tieu hoa - Thdng qua cac md, mach gdm mach gd va mach ray Van chuyin va phan phdi cac chat thdng qua he tuan hoan va bai tidt - Gdm tieu hoa CO hpc va tiPu hoa hoa hpc nhd enzim phan giai - Bai tidt nude qua thoat hdi nude qua la va khdng HP hap Quang hgp C6H,206+602^6H20+6C02+ATP CeH,206+602^6H20+6C02+ATP Trao ddi khf qua khdng Hd hap la qua trinh trao ddi giCTa CO quan hP hap vdi td bao thdng qua dPng mau va djch mP - La qua trinh chuydn hoa quang nang nang lugng du trur cac chat huu cd Opng vat khPng co kha nang quang hgp vi khPng cd luc lap va h6 sac td - Quang hop gdm pha sang va pha tdi 6CO2 + 6H2O ^C6Hi206 + 6O2 436 - Sdng dj dudng 0APANBANG66.5 SO SANH CAC PHLTONG THCfC CAM Phuang thirc cam Crng ONG d THl/C VAT VA OCNG Thuc vat Hudng dpng Phan urng cua cay vdi kfch thfch theo hudng xac dinh Cfng dpng Phan urng cua cay vdi kfch thudc khdng djnh hudng Van dpng VAT Dgng vat - Phan urng vdi kfch thfch mdi trudng bang van dpng co, tuydn tidt khdng qua hp cd quan cam giac va than kinh - Co hoat ddng tap tfnh phurc tap thfch nghi nhanh vdi thay ddi cua mdi trudng eAPANBANG66.6: SO SANH SINH TRl/dNG VA PHAT Phuang thCrc TRI^N Dac tinh Vidu Sinh trudng Gia tang kfch thudc, khdi lugng td bao, md, cd quan Su moc dai cua rd cay, tang, khdi lugng ciia vat trudng-thanh Phat tridn Sinh trudng va ddng thdi cd su bidn ddi ve hinh thai co quan, co thd - cay trudng hoa kdt trai - Ga trdng trudng thanh, mpc Idng sac sd, mpc mao cd cua DAPANBANG66.7: SO SANH NHAN I6 Hi/dNG D^N SINH TRirdNG vA PHAT doONGVATVATHirCVAT GAY ANH Nhan to anh hudng TRI^N Dong vat Thuc vat Nhan td ben (HM) Hoocmdn kfch thudc sinh trudng gay bidn hoa, dieu hoa sinh san Hoocmdn kfch thfch sinh trudng kim ham sinh trudng, kfch thfch hoa Nhan td mdi trudng Gay anh hudng ddn sinh trudng phat then ddng vat dd la: Thurc an, ham lugng O2, CO2, mudi khoang, nude nhiet dp, anh sang, dp am Gay anh hudng ddn sinh trudng phat triln cua cSy: nude, nhipt dp, anh sang thd nhudng,phan bon Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cua HS - Tidp tue, GV yeu cdu phdn trinh bay - Nhdm 3: cd the trinh bay nhu sau: cua nhdm vdi eac ndi dung ve sinh + Bang 66.8: Sfl dung tranh hlnh ket san, di truydn tidn hod hgp vdi ndi dung de tra ldi 437 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cua HS + Bang 66.9, 66.10, 66.11 tdm tdt kie'n thflc ngdn nggn tren gidy AO vl cac ndi - GV nhan xet, danh gia va giup HS dung d bai 65 da tdng kdt - Ldp cung theo ddi, trao ddi bd sung khdi quat kien thflc OAP A N BANG 66.8: SINH SAN d DdNG VAT V A THl/C VAT Phuang thUc sinh san Vd tfnh Dpng vat Thuc vat - Thudng xuyen - ft xay - Sinh san sinh dudng: hinh ca thd mdi tir cac bp phan cua cay: - chu ydu d dpng vat bac thap chdi, phan manh Re, than, la, cu HUu tfnh - Hinh gidi tfnh umg dung - Hinh gidi tfnh - Tao giao tur - Tao giao tiJr due, cai - Thu tinh kep, thu pha'n - Thu tinh - Luan phien thd he: giao tur t h i , bao tuf t h i - Chi tdn tai giai doan bao tU thd (con vat trudng thanh) Cdng nghe chidt ghep, vi nhan gidng, lai gidng Cdng nghe thu tinh, phdi cdng nghe sinh san vd tfnh lai gidng OAPANBANG66.9: CAC GIAI DOAN P H A T SINH TI^N HOA C O A S L T S C N G V A LOAI NGI/CJI Su phit sinh Su sdng Cic giai doan - Tidn hoa hoa hpc - Tien hoa tidn sinh hpc - Tidn hoa sinh hpc Dac diem ca ban + Hinh cac chat hffu co don gian tCr cac chat vd CO dudi tac dpng cua cac tac nhan tu nhidn + Hinh cac dai phan tii hOu cd + Hinh td bao so khai + Hinh sinh vat nhan so, nhan thuc Loai ngudi - Ngudi tdi cd + Chuyin xudng da't sdng, di bang chan, lorn khom - Ngudi cd + Chua bidt chd tao cdng cu + Tu thd dumg thing, di bang chan + Nao Idn, da bidt chd tao cdng cu + Bidn dung lura, cd tidng ndi bat dau cd ndn van hoa - Ngudi hipn dai + Cd day dij dac dilm nhu ngudi hipn nay, thudc lodi Homo sapiens + Phan hoa nhidu chung tdc va phan bd d cac chau luc 438 SO S A N H Ngi dung D A P A N B A N G 66.10: C A C H O C THUYET TI^N Thuyet lamic HOA Thuyet Dacuyn Thuyet hien dai Cac nhan td - Thay dd'i didu kidn mdi - Bidn di ca thd quan - Qua trinh dpt bidn tidn hoa trudng thd - Di nhap gen - Thay ddi churc nang hoat -CLTN - Phieu bat gen dpng cua cac cd quan - Giao phdi cua ngiu nhidn -CLTN - cac yeu td ngau nhiPn Hinh - Cac ca thd phan umg gidng - cac bidn di cP Idi dUdc bao Do tac dpng cua nhan td dac didm trudc thay ddi cua ngoai tdn tidn hoa thfch nghi canh - Cac bidn di bat Idi bi dao - cac dac dilm thfch cd thd di thai tac ddng cua CLTN truydn Hinh Dudi tac dpng cua ngoai canh Loai mdi dugc hinh dan Bie'n ddi kilu gen cua loai mdi loai bidn dd'i tur \ij qua nhidu dan qua nhidu dang trung gian quan t h i gdc, tao nen dang trung gian dudi tac ddng cua CLTN theo quan t h i mdi each li sinh dudng PLTT tU gdc san vdi quan thd gdc chung Chidu hudng Nang dan trinh dp td churc tCr Ngay cang da dang, td churc tien hoa ddn gian ddn phurc tap cang cao, thfch nghi mdi tuong tac giffa co cang hgp If thd vdi mdi trudng va tao Tidn hoa la kdt qua cua nPn su da dang sinh hpc Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cua HS - GV ydu cdu nhdm trinh bay phdn - Nhdm treo cdc bang vdi eac ngi dung da chudn bi trdn giay AO chudn bi cua nhdm - Dai dien nhdm ldn lugt trinh bay -^ ldp cung trao ddi -^ nhdn xet, bd sung - GV nhan xet, danh gia va thdng bao - Cac nhdm theo ddi, tu sfla chfla ne'u cdn dap an dung 439 D A P A N BANG 66.11: NOI DUNG CO BAN CCIA Dl TRUYEN TI^N HOA Cosd Ket qua Ngi dung Di truyen phan tur Opt bidn gen Nguyen lipu cua CLTN Di truydn td bao Ddt bidn NST Nguyen lipu cua CLTN Di truyen Menden, cac quy luat di truyen Bien di td hop kidu gen cua ca thd Nguydn lipu cua CLTN Di truyen quan the Bidn di vdn gen cua quan thd Hinh loai mdi D A P A N B A N G 66.12: cAc DAC DI^M CAC CAP T6 CHCTC S6NG Khii niem CapdgtochCrc Quan thd Dac diem Tap hgp cac ca t h i cung loai mpt khPng gian dja If xac dinh - Cd vung phan bd rieng - Cd cau true dac trung vd gidi tfnh, cau true tudi vd kfch thudc va mat dd Vidu Quan thd ca rdphi ao, quan t h i cay cp trPn ddi Tap hgp nhidu quan thd cua cac loai khac mdt vung sinh canh xac dinh - Tfnh da dang vd loai - Quan xa ca ao - Mdi quan hp dinh dudng - Quan xa rCmg nhiet ddi He sinh thai La tap hgp cac quan xa sinh vat va mdi trudng sdng cua chung Thanh phan ca'u true gdm sinh vat san xua't, sinh vat phan giai, phan cac chat vd CO, hOu co, khf hau - Cd su chuydn hoa vat chat va nanglugng Hd nude, rUng ram nhidt ddi Sinh quyln Tap hgp tat ca he sinh thai thach quyen, thuy quydn va khf quyln Su phan bd cac khu sinh hpc Toan bp trai dat vdi sinh vat sdng Quan xa - Phan bd cac loai khdng gian D A P A N B A N G 66.13: CAC TAC NHAN, He QUA, BIEN PHAP PHONG C H N G NHI§M MOI TRI/CJNG Hien tugng Gay d nhidm mdi trudng Gay mat can bang sinh thai 440 Tac nhin Chat thai ran, chat thai long, chat khf, phdng xa tidng on Gay d nhiim mdi trudng sdng, tuyet dipt cac loai mat da dang sinh hpc He quit - Gay P nhiPm mPi trudng - Gay mat can bang sinh thai Bien phip phong chong - Giao due y thurc - Phap luat ve bao vp mdl trudng - NghiPn cufu khoa hpc - Gay bpnh tat, thoai hoa, tuyet dipt cac loai - Hgp tac qudc td anh hudng ddn toan bd sinh quydn va cupc sdng cua ngudi Quan If tai nguyPn va phat tridn bdn vQng Kiem tra danh gia • GV nhan xet, ddnh gid phdn chudn bi d nhd va trinh bay cua eac nhdm rdi cho diem • GV ydu cdu HS neu dugc vi du ve cac van de ciia chuong trinh Dan Hgc hieu va ndm bdt todn bd kidn thiic cua chuong trinh sinh hgc phd thdng 441 MUC LUC ChLfdng IV ONG DUNG Dl TRUYEN HOC Bdi 22, Bdi 23 Bdi 24 Bdi 25 Bdi 26 Chgn giong vat nuoi va cay Chgn giong vat nuoi va c:ay (tiep theo) Tao gidng bang cong nghe te bac Tao giong bang cong nghe gen Tao giong bang cong nghe gen (tiep theo) Chuong V Dl TRUYEN HOC NGUCJI Bai Bdi Bdi Bdi Bdi 27 28 29, 30 31 Phi/dng phap nghien cufu di truyen ngurdi Di truyen y hgc Di truyen y hgc (tiep theo) Bao ve von gen di truyen cua loai ngi/di On tap phan nam: Di truyen hgc 3 13 21 31 40 52 52 62 70 82 93 Phan sau TIEN HOA ChL/Ong I BANG CHONG TIEN HOA Bdi 32 Bang chCfng giai phau hgc so sanh va phoi sinh hgc so sanh Bdi 33 Bang chtrng dia lisinh hgc Bdi 34 Bang chirng te bao hgc va sinh hgc phan tCir Chuong II NGUYEN NHAN VA CO CHE TIEN HOA Bd Bd Bd Bd Bd Bd Bd Bd 35, 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 100 100 113 120 129 Hgc thuyet tien hoa cd dien 129 Thuyet tien hoa hien dai 138 Cac nhan to tien hoa 148 Cac nhan to tien hoa (tiep theo) 159 Qua trinh hinh cac dac diem thich nghi 167 Loai sinh hoc va cac ccJ che each li 181 Qua trinh hinh loai 197 Nguon goc chung va chieu hi/dng tie'n hoa cija sinh gidi 212 ChUdng III SU PHAT SINH VA PHAT TRIEN SU SONG TREN TRAI DAT 223 Bdi 43 Sii phat sinh si/song tren trai dat Bdi 44 Su phat trien cua sinh gidi qua cac dai dja chat 442 223 235 Bdi 45 Su phat sinh loai ngudi Bdi 46 Thiic hanh: bang chufng ve nguon goc dgng vat cija loai ngi/di 245 254 Phan bay SINH THAI HOC Chuong I CO THE VA MOI TRUdNG 258 Bdi 47 Moi tri/dng va cac nhan td sinh thai Bai 48 Anh hudng cua cac nhan to sinh thai len ddi song sinh vat Bai 49 Anh hufdng cua cac nhan to' sinh thai len ddi so'ng sinh vat (tiep theo) Bdi 50, Thiic hanh: Khao sat vi khihaucCia mgt khu viic 258 Chuong II QUAN THE SINH VAT Bdi 51 Khai niem ve quan the va mdi quan he giOra cac ca the quan the Bdi 52 Cac dac tri/ng co ban cija quan the Bdi 53 Cac dac trung co ban cCia quan the (tiep t h e o ) Bai 54 Bie'n dgng sd liidng ca the cCia quan the ChLfdng III QUAN XA SINH VAT Bdi 55 Bdi 56 Bdi 57 Bdi 58 Bdi 59 Khai niem va cac dac trifng cd ban cua quan xa Cac mo'i quan he giura cac loai quan xa Moi quan he dinh di/dng Diln the sinh thai Thiic hanh: tinh phong phu cCia loai va kich thiidc quan the theo phiidng phap danh bat tha lai Chiidng IV HE SINH THAI, SINH QUYEN v A SINH T H A I HOC V(!JI QUAN Li T A I NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN Bdi 60 Bdi 61 Bdi 62 Bdi 63 Bdi 64 Bdi 65 Bdi 66 269 280 293 297 297 307 320 330 341 341 352 362 372 383 387 He sinh thai 387 Cac chu trinh sinh dia hoa he sinh thai 395 Ddng nang lUdng he sinh thai 405 Sinh quyen 412 Sinh thai hgc va viec quan litai nguyen thien nhien 419 On tap phan sau (tien hoa) va phan bay (sinh thai hoc) 426 Tdng ket toan cap 433 443 Thiet ke bai giang SINH HOC 12 - NANG CAO, TAP HAI TRAN KHANH PHUONG NHA XUXT BAN H A N O I Chiu trdch nhiem xudt bdn: NGUYfeN K H A C OANH Bien tap: PHAM QU6C TUAN Vebia: T A O THU HUYEN Trinh bdy: THAI SON - SON L A M Sda ^dn in: PHAM QU6C TUAN In 1000 cuon, kho 17 x 24 cm, tai Cong ty Co phan in Khoa hpc cong nghe mdi Giay phep xuat ban so: 68 - 2009/CXB/67 m TK - 06/HN In xong va nop Itfu chieu nam 2010 Sach lien ket vdi Cong ty CO phan In va Phat hanh sach Vi ^ r INPHAVI Phat hanh tai Cong ty co phan In va Phat hanh ' Dia chi : 78 - Dong Cac - Dong Da - h D T : (04) 5.115921 - Fax : (04) 5.115' saHBtl i ^ [...]... chi phdi ddi sdng sinh vat b) Nhimg nhan td mdi trudng: Ddt, nude, khf c) Nhiing sinh vat tdc ddng va chi phdi true tiep len ddi sdng sinh vat d) Ca a, b, c Cdu 2: Cic nhan td ndo thudc nhdm nhan to vd sinh: 1 - anh sdng 2 - Nhiet do 3 - Gid 4 - Vi triing 5 - Sdm chdp 6 - Ddt dd 8 - Tham muc 7 - Nude 9 - R e u da a) 1 ,2, 3,4, 5, 6, 8 c) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 b ) l , 2 , 3, 5, 6, 7 d) 1 ,2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 Cdu... loai, tao cho sinh vat boat ddng theo nhirng nhip dieu chudn xdc nhu nhung chide ddng hd sinh hgc ggi la nhip dieu sinh 1 hoc 27 7 Hogt dpng 2 TIM HIEU ANH HUCJNG CUA NHIET DO Muc tieu: • HS hieu dugc anh hudng cua nhiet do den sinh vat • HS thdy dugc su thdng nhdt giiia co the va cac nhan td mdi trUdng Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS - GV neu yeu cdu: + Nghien ciiu SGK trang 20 1, 20 2 muc II + Trd... mdt so nhan td sinh thai nhu nhiet do, dnh sang, sir thfch nghi cua sinh vat Bai 48 ANH HUdNG CUA CAC NHAN TO SINH THAI LEN Odi SONG SINH VAT I MUC TIEU 1 Kien thiirc • HS ndu bat dugc sir thdng nhdt giira co the va cdc nhan td mdi trudng nhu dnh sang, nhiet do thdng qua cdc md'i quan he thuan nghich 26 9 • HS hieu dugc mdi nhan td tac ddng ldn sinh vat theo kieu rieng ciia minh Hon nua sinh vat cung... ddi sdng cua thuy sinh vat? - HS van dung kidn thiic vat If va kdt hgp vdi kien thiic sinh hgc THCS rdi trao ddi nhanh trong nhdm tra ldi: + Nude cd dung nhiet rieng ldn, truydn nhiet kem nen tfnh dn nhiet cao, vl vay mua he khi nhiet do khdng khf cao nhung nude vdn mat hon + Nude cd kha nang boa tan nhidu chdt cung cap thiic an cho sinh vat thuy sinh + Nude mang thiic an, dxi cho cac sinh vat sdng CO... giai: + Sir khd ban la ydu to sinh thai rat quan trgng anh hudng manh den ddi sdng thuc vat + Ddng vat khi bi khd ban cd the di chuyen tim ngudn nude, tuy nhien do am anh hudng den qud trinh sinh If ciia ddng vat nhu kha nang sinh trudng, sinh san, tudi thg Dac biet la cdn triing: Khi do dm giam -^ mdt nude, tudi thg giam, khi do dm qua cao -^ ti le tu vong tang cao 28 4 Npi dung Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt... hdi: - HS hoat ddng ca nhan ° Sinh vat sdng dugc d - Nhan bidt kien thiic tir gidi han nhiet nhu the viec nghien ciiu SGK ket ndo? hgp vdi kie'n thiic sinh ° Nhiet do anh hudng den hgc THCS va thuc td dac diem ndo cua sinh - HS trao ddi nhdm thdng vat? nhdt y kien trd ldi ° Phan biet sinh vat bidn + Nhiet do trdn trdi ddt nhiet va sinh vat ddng bie'n thien ldn, khoang nhiet sinh vat sdng dugc ehi tir... ldn sinh vat theo kieu rieng • HS thdy dugc sinh vat phan iing khdc nhau vdi cudng do, phuong thiic tac ddng, thdi gian tac ddng khdc nhau ciia ciing mdt nhdn to 2 KTnang • Phan tfch, so sanh • Phdt trien tu duy Idgic, kha nang khdi qudt boa • Van dung If thuyet giai thfch hien tugng thuc te II CHUAN B! • Tranh hlnh SGK phdng to • Tu lieu HS suu tdm • GV dgc kT thdng tin muc III SGV trang 26 2, 26 3... Hoat + Anh sang thay ddi cd ddng ciia sinh vat didn ra chu ki ngay, ddm, tudn theo chu kl nhu: Hoa mudi gid nd hoa liic lOh, trang 27 6 Npi dung Hogt dpng cua HS Hogt dpng cda GV + Hoat ddng cua sinh vat hoa quynh nd hoa vdo liic cd theo chu kl hay 20 h trong ngay khdng? 3 Nhjp dieu sinh hgc - GV yeu cdu HS: + Quan sat hlnh 48.5 HS boat ddng ca nhan ndu dugc: SGK trang 20 1 + Phan tich hoat ddng + Hoat ddng... hinh thanh bdi td hgp cac gidi ban sinh thai (hay khdng gian da dien) ma d dd tdt ca cdc nhdn td sinh thai quy dinh sU tdn tai va phdt trien dn dinh lau dai cua loai - Vai trd ciia d sinh thai: Giam bdt sir canh tranh giira cac cd the khi sdng trong ciing sinh canh 4 Kiem tra danh gia • HS tdm tdt kidn thiic bai hgc • HS trd ldi cau hdi trdc nghiem: 26 8 Cdu 1: Nhan td sinh thai la: a) Nhiing nhan id mdi... zdn - GV nhan xet, ddnh gid - Dai dien HS tra ldi -> - Sinh vat tac ddng trd lai lam giam nhe anh hudng va giiip HS hoan thien ldp nhan xet cua nhan td sinh thai ddn kidn thiic de'n bidn doi mdi trudng cd lgi cho ddi sdng cua minh nhu lam tang dd dm, tang lugng dxi 29 2 Hogt dpng cua GV Npi dung Hogt dpng cda HS - Sinh vat sdng trong cae td chiie cao thi kha nang cai tao mdi trudng cang manh 4 Kiem tra ... va ngudi: Sinh vat ki sinh, cdng sinh 26 0 Hogt dpng TIM HIEU NHAN TO SINH THAI Muc tieu: • HS hieu va trinh bay dugc khdi niem nhan td sinh thai • Phan biet nhan to vd sinh va him sinh • Y nghTa... to sinh thai la gi? + Theo dac tfnh tdc ddng - Ydu cdu neu dugc: nhan td vd sinh gdm + Khai niem nhung dang nao? + nhdm nhan to sinh thdi dd la nhan td vd sinh, nhan to hiru sinh + Nhan to vd sinh. .. to' sinh thdi: Nhan td sinh thai la cac ydu to mdi trudng, tac ddng va chi phdi den ddi sdng sinh vat 26 1 Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung * Cdc logi nhdn to sinh thdi: - Nhan to vd sinh