Evaluating Protective Relay Performance Through Relay Testing

Evaluating Protective Relay Performance Through Relay Testing PRESENTED BY JAY B THAKAR SAGAR J KOTHARI Introduction: What is Protective Relaying???  Protection Relays Monitor “Voltage & Current Amplitude, Phase Angle, Frequency continuously in electrical networks to detect Faults in networks & isolate faulty section” before any serious Damage  Introduction: Protective Relaying Protection Relays are Categorized as;  Feeder Protection Relays  Cable Protection  Transmission Line Protection  Electrical Machine Protection Relays  Generator Unit Protection  Transformer Unit Protection  Motor Unit Protection Introduction: Feeder Protective Relaying  Feeder Protection Relays are act as a Primary & Backup Protection  Primary Protection act Immediately & isolate fault section with in 50-100ms  Backup Protection act when Primary protection fails Operation of Backup Protection is Time Delayed Introduction: Electrical Machine Protection Relay  Electrical Machine Protection Relays: Unit Protection  Unit Protection relays are Act for Internal Machine faults Operating time of unit Protection relays are 30 to 80ms Introduction: Protective Relaying 3 T What is relaying???  R R R R F Introduction: Dynamic Power System Condition       How I can simulate starting char of motor for motor Protection relays??? How I can simulate dynamic conditions of generator for generator Protection relays??? What are the harmonic contents that relay sees while Energizing TR?????? What are the harmonic contents relay sees during TR Over Excitation???????? What are the harmonic content & Relay operating time during an internal fault followed by CT saturation????????? How I can see the performance of Distance Protection relays on CCVT transient???? Outline    What is the existing relay test practice? What is the advance relay test practice? Summary What is the Existing Relay Test Practice? Phasor Testing Steady State Testing Routine Test, Commissioning Test Dynamic State Testing Routine Test Application Test: Phasor Testing: Steady State Testing    Constant Current Method: Set Fixed Current & phase angle and Ramps Voltage from normal voltage to threshold value Voltage Ramp starts tountil decrease Normal the relayfrom operates Voltage to until relay Only Trips One parameter is varying at time 10 Phasor Testing: Dynamic State Testing   Dynamic State Testing means true fault simulated Power system conditions on Fundamental Frequency Amplitudes/Phases will be changed continuously 11 Dynamic State Testing: Test Procedure Power System Model Simulate Faults Makes States Prefault, Fault & Post Fault Test Software (State Simulation-SSIMUL) Import in SSIMUL Testing Kit (F6150) V & I Sources TRIP Relay 12 Phasor Testing: Dynamic State Testing Pole Slipping Detected & Issued Trip command 13 Transient Testing:  For Example;  Transient CT Saturation & It’s Effect on relay operation  Severe CT Saturation & It’s Effect on relay operation  Transformer Inrush current, Over Excitation phenomenon & It’s Effect on relay operation  CCVT Transient  Fero-resonance 14 What is the Advance Relay Test Practice? Transient Testing Pre-purchase Setting fine Evaluation Tuning Trouble shooting Simultaneously Apply Fundamental Product Design Freq & Harmonic Freq components Application Test (Including DC OFFSET) of Voltages and Currents Phasor 15 Transient Testing:  Preventive study  Creating Test waveforms in Network Simulation Programs like (EMTP/ATP/PSCAD/DIGSILENT)  Apply Transient waveforms to relay  Post-event Analysis  DFR (COMTRADE files)  Replaying IEEE COMTRADE files to relay 16 Transient Testing: Test Procedure Power System Model (EMTP/ATP) DFR IEEE COMTRADE Files (.dat & cfg) Test Software (TransWin) Testing Kit (F6150) V & I Sources TRIP Relay 17 Transient Testing: Preventive Study Dynamic State Testing 18 Results: Sensitivity Test Cases Description Results Test Case-1 Initial CT Saturation for 56 Cycles Operating Time 148ms Test Case-2 Initial CT Saturation for Cycles Operating Time 86.5ms Test Case-3 CT Saturation for 4-5 Cycles after one cycle Operating Time 150ms Test Case-4 Dynamic State Testing (PreFault, Fault, Post-Fault) Operating Time 33.4ms Summary  Existing Test Practices serves a limited purpose to check setting calibration but Not to Evaluate the relay application performance  Dynamic State Testing is easy to conduct & more meaningful testing than steady state testing but, still it is on fundamental frequency so it is difficult to known the transient behavior of relays  Relay performance on transient behavior needs to be evaluated to assure the best decision regarding;     Investment Application Practice Relay Performance under critical conditions Resolve problem for relay design issues Thank You [...]... Relay 12 Phasor Testing: Dynamic State Testing Pole Slipping Detected & Issued Trip command 13 Transient Testing:  For Example;  Transient CT Saturation & It’s Effect on relay operation  Severe CT Saturation & It’s Effect on relay operation  Transformer Inrush current, Over Excitation phenomenon & It’s Effect on relay operation  CCVT Transient  Fero-resonance 14 What is the Advance Relay Test Practice?... State Testing (PreFault, Fault, Post-Fault) Operating Time 33.4ms Summary  Existing Test Practices serves a limited purpose to check setting calibration but Not to Evaluate the relay application performance  Dynamic State Testing is easy to conduct & more meaningful testing than steady state testing but, still it is on fundamental frequency so it is difficult to known the transient behavior of relays... relay  Post-event Analysis  DFR (COMTRADE files)  Replaying IEEE COMTRADE files to relay 16 Transient Testing: Test Procedure Power System Model (EMTP/ATP) DFR IEEE COMTRADE Files (.dat & cfg) Test Software (TransWin) Testing Kit (F6150) V & I Sources TRIP Relay 17 Transient Testing: Preventive Study Dynamic State Testing 18 Results: Sensitivity Test Cases Description Results Test Case-1 Initial CT...Phasor Testing: Dynamic State Testing   Dynamic State Testing means true fault simulated Power system conditions on Fundamental Frequency Amplitudes/Phases will be changed continuously 11 Dynamic State Testing: Test Procedure Power System Model Simulate Faults Makes States Prefault, Fault & Post Fault Test Software (State Simulation-SSIMUL) Import in SSIMUL Testing Kit (F6150) V & I Sources TRIP Relay. .. still it is on fundamental frequency so it is difficult to known the transient behavior of relays  Relay performance on transient behavior needs to be evaluated to assure the best decision regarding;     Investment Application Practice Relay Performance under critical conditions Resolve problem for relay design issues Thank You ... Transient Testing Pre-purchase Setting fine Evaluation Tuning Trouble shooting Simultaneously Apply Fundamental Product Design Freq & Harmonic Freq components Application Test (Including DC OFFSET) of Voltages and Currents Phasor 15 Transient Testing:  Preventive study  Creating Test waveforms in Network Simulation Programs like (EMTP/ATP/PSCAD/DIGSILENT)  Apply Transient waveforms to relay  Post-event ... transient behavior of relays  Relay performance on transient behavior needs to be evaluated to assure the best decision regarding;     Investment Application Practice Relay Performance under... relays are Act for Internal Machine faults Operating time of unit Protection relays are 30 to 80ms Introduction: Protective Relaying 3 T What is relaying???  R R R R F Introduction: Dynamic Power... starting char of motor for motor Protection relays??? How I can simulate dynamic conditions of generator for generator Protection relays??? What are the harmonic contents that relay sees while