Green logistics 2011Spain

Green Logistics Prof Dr Matthias Klumpp, FOM ild ERASMUS Guest Lecture 09./10./11.02.2011 Valencia & Castellon, Spain Feb-11 Green Logistics AGENDA Introduction Integrated Green Logistics Concept Example Electric Vehicles Example GPS Flight Routes Outlook Feb-11 Green Logistics INTRODUCTION  Supply Chains and therefore SCM as building block in a global economy: Supplier OEM Retailer Customer  Green Logistics as major trend in logistics: Politics / Regulations Green Customers / Awareness Feb-11 Green Logistics Companies INTRODUCTION - Green Logistics: Company example DB Schenker Source: Schön, D./DB Schenker (2011) Feb-11 Green Logistics INTRODUCTION - Green Logistics: Company example HENKEL HENKEL Düsseldorf implements a sustainable product development process called „Inno Gate“, demanding CSR „savings“ by every new product in the whole supply chain Source: Politis, S./Henkel (2011) Feb-11 Green Logistics INTRODUCTION - Green Logistics: Company example DHL Source: Schlaghecken, G./DHL (2011) Feb-11 Green Logistics INTRODUCTION - Green Logistics as measurement problem e.g for transport CO2 calculation: „You can‘t manage what you can‘t measure“ CO2 Transport Calculation (Truck), Example Ruhr Area > Mailand Area Reality? Source: Schneider, M./Fraunhofer IML (2011) Feb-11 Green Logistics INTEGRATED GL CONCEPT - Green Logistics requires an integrated management approach, e.g „TSM“: Feb-11 Green Logistics EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES - Operative implementation of Green Logistics in transport mainly based on four approaches: Traffic Reduction (SC Design ) Traffic Optimization (OR) Modal Shift (Politics) No sufficient results as still necessary transport e.g on the Last Mile Alternative Propulsion Systems e.g German National „Action Plan“ Needed: Integrated Concept (Electric) Feb-11 Green Logistics EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES Strategic concept requirement because of - simple change of propulsion system will bring no green change - integrated change management in different companies and industries needed - broad qualification requirements from truck drivers to logistics managers Feb-11 Ecological Solutions in Logistics Concepts e.g Location or Transport Mode Concepts Electric Routing Solutions in Logistics Processes e.g Routing Areas, Algorithms and Personnel Knowledge / Training Green Logistics Electricity Production and Transport Solutions for Logistics e.g Local Wind Electricity Production, Local Solar Electricity Production 10 EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES Last-mile logistics with electric-driven vehicles: Before Feb-11 Afterwards (E-Mobility) A A B B C D Green Logistics 14 EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES Increasing problem through „driver planning“ Feb-11 Green Logistics 15 EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES Electric-driven vehicles in logistics b) Implementation areas • National research funding (e.g German National Action Plan on Electric Mobility) • Research funding in states and regions • Bus admin research and local implementing companies a) Propulsion technology c) Processes Research Partners 2011-2014: FOM, University of Duisburg-Essen, DHL, NOWEDA Feb-11 Green Logistics ERoute • National and European research funding • Mainly OEM and engineering research institutions 16 EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES Strategy • Integrated concept for green logistics with electric vehicles needed (e.g including electricity production) • National and international standards needed • Several changes in routing and processes (e.g stops, accident and ADR training etc.) Operations needed • Future research task with business practice Feb-11 Green Logistics 17 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES  Air traffic will grow steadfast in the next years (4% p.a.)  The airspace (management) has already reached full capacity levels  Current Air Traffic System (ATS)-routes are inefficient because o for navigation aircrafts use radio beacons which are installed in fixed positions on the ground o so a complex network develops with many lines and knots  Legal restrictions prevented that aircrafts can fly direct distance (great circle)  International organizations and institutions efforts to create more efficient routes (GPS for navigation etc modern/reorganized airspace) Feb-11 Green Logistics 18 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES Currently developed new flight processes for more efficiency: RNAV (Random or area navigation):  Waypoints are based on GPS technology  Reduces the dependency on beacon location  Aircrafts fly direct RNAV-routes and not over the beacons which are installed on the ground RVSM (Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum):  Six additional cruising levels between FL 290 and FL 410 were implemented 2002 by 41 Countries  For more capacity the vertical distance was minimized (2.000 ft  1.000 ft)  Reductions of fuel and delays are main objectives Source: FAA - Federal Aviation Administration (2009) Source: EUROCONTROL (2010) Feb-11 Green Logistics 19 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES Examples of new approaches in the future:  Communication technologies: o Global Positioning & Communication (GP&C) o Precise identification and tracking systems for aircrafts and vehicles o GPS based landing system o GPS based navigation technology  Single airspace o Airspace without borders o Single European Sky  Free flight concept o Defined as safe and economic method o Aircrafts have not to fly via airways o Higher capacity can be realized Source: Hoekstra/Ruigrok/van Gent 2000) Feb-11 Green Logistics 20 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES Methodology:  Simulation (planning) a flight from Hamburg to Munich  Demonstration of flight in current ATS-Routes and optimized routes without specified network structures (GPS and “Free flight”)  Objective: Comparison before/after flight route optimization Research Questions:  What are the ´theoretical´ potentials if radio beacons will be replaced by GPS e.g.?  How much are savings in distance, time and fuel consumption? Feb-11 Green Logistics 21 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES Research framework:  Original aviation charts were used  Interviewed persons: o Air traffic controllers o Flight instructors o Institutions o Pilots  Different flight planning programs have been applied and verified (if programs work correct – find shortest way)  Modelling without considerations of: o Variable wind components o Different runway directions o Temperature components o Elevations o Weights and balances o Kerosene consumptions in different Flight Levels (FL) o Traffic (no holding pattern) o Legal restrictions Feb-11 Green Logistics 22 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES Background of case study:  Exemplary aircraft: Boeing 737 Feb-11  Origin: Hamburg (EDDH)  Takeoff: Runway 05 (direction north-east)  Destination: Munich (EDDM)  Landing: Runway 08 (direction east)  Cruising Altitude: FL 330 (33,000 ft ~ 10,050 m) Green Logistics 23 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES Takeoff, departure and route from Hamburg to Munich: Data: SID: Airways: Beacon: Waypoints*: STAR: ATS-Route: ALMUH (departure south west) Y901 / UM852 / UZ16 / T703 / T105 (5x) HLZ (1x) NETAX, ULSEN, POVEL,… (18x) VAMAS SID-Route: * Only en-route Feb-11 Green Logistics 24 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES Arrival and landing in Munich: Last Waypoint on Airway T105 is VAMAS, then the aircraft will pass arrival-waypoints LANDU and MIQ This point is approximately 27 NM northwest from the airport Afterwards the route leads in direction south-west and south Afterwards the aircraft will turn to landing heading east Distance: km) Great Circle: km) Fuel: 410 NM (~ 760 324 NM (~ 600 2.9 tons Sources: In according to Jeppesen, Sanderson Inc (2007) Feb-11 Green Logistics 25 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES Optimization with the following assumptions:  After takeoff the aircraft flies approx NM straight ahead  Aircraft does not use the ATS routes, it applies GPS  Landing-point is approx 12 NM for runway (tracking) Waypoints: Distance: Great Circle: Fuel: TH03C / BEGEN (2x) 341 NM 324 NM 2.5 tons Savings: Feb-11 Distance: 69 NM (~ 128 km) Fuel: 0.4 tons~1.2 t CO2 Time: Minutes Green Logistics 26 OUTLOOK  Political decision about „moral / costomer suasion“ versus „pricing“ approach regarding CO2 required  Need for an integrated sustainable management concept (in logistics/operations, „top-down“)  Green logistics needs furthermore a „grassroots approach“ embedding sustainability in all transport, transshipment and storage processes („bottom-up“)  PR/communication & sales departments needed in order to „educate“ customers (e.g 24h delivery standard) Feb-11 Green Logistics 27 Green Logistics Prof Dr Matthias Klumpp FOM ild Thank you very much for your attention ERASMUS Guest Lecture Feb-11 Green Logistics 28 [...]... Feb-11 Green Logistics 12 3 EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES Macro Level • Redesign of routing areas • Integrated investment decision concept Meso Level • Software and algorithm changes • Technical equipment changes Micro Level Feb-11 • Knowledge gaps Green Logistics 13 3 EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES Last-mile logistics with electric-driven vehicles: Before Feb-11 Afterwards (E-Mobility) A A B B C D Green Logistics. .. processes („bottom-up“)  PR/communication & sales departments needed in order to „educate“ customers (e.g 24h delivery standard) Feb-11 Green Logistics 27 Green Logistics Prof Dr Matthias Klumpp FOM ild Thank you very much for your attention ERASMUS Guest Lecture Feb-11 Green Logistics 28 ... Savings: Feb-11 Distance: 69 NM (~ 128 km) Fuel: 0.4 tons~1.2 t CO2 Time: 8 Minutes Green Logistics 26 5 OUTLOOK  Political decision about „moral / costomer suasion“ versus „pricing“ approach regarding CO2 required  Need for an integrated sustainable management concept (in logistics/ operations, „top-down“)  Green logistics needs furthermore a „grassroots approach“ embedding sustainability in all...3 EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES Regenerative energy gap - Increasing share of green electricity production - But still low absolute share of about 15% of all electricity is produced green – therefore eletric vehicles are not per se green Feb-11 Green Logistics 11 3 EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES Regenerative energy problem - Even regenerative energy is causing CO2 emissions... technology c) Processes Research Partners 2011-2014: FOM, University of Duisburg-Essen, DHL, NOWEDA Feb-11 Green Logistics ERoute • National and European research funding • Mainly OEM and engineering research institutions 16 3 EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES Strategy • Integrated concept for green logistics with electric vehicles needed (e.g including electricity production) • National and international... (no holding pattern) o Legal restrictions Feb-11 Green Logistics 22 4 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES Background of case study:  Exemplary aircraft: Boeing 737 Feb-11  Origin: Hamburg (EDDH)  Takeoff: Runway 05 (direction north-east)  Destination: Munich (EDDM)  Landing: Runway 08 (direction east)  Cruising Altitude: FL 330 (33,000 ft ~ 10,050 m) Green Logistics 23 4 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES Takeoff,... electric-driven vehicles: Before Feb-11 Afterwards (E-Mobility) A A B B C D Green Logistics 14 3 EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES Increasing problem through „driver planning“ Feb-11 Green Logistics 15 3 EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES Electric-driven vehicles in logistics b) Implementation areas • National research funding (e.g German National Action Plan on Electric Mobility) • Research funding in states and regions • Bus... Single European Sky  Free flight concept o Defined as safe and economic method o Aircrafts have not to fly via airways o Higher capacity can be realized Source: Hoekstra/Ruigrok/van Gent 2000) Feb-11 Green Logistics 20 4 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES Methodology:  Simulation (planning) a flight from Hamburg to Munich  Demonstration of flight in current ATS-Routes and optimized routes without specified network... flight route optimization Research Questions:  What are the ´theoretical´ potentials if radio beacons will be replaced by GPS e.g.?  How much are savings in distance, time and fuel consumption? Feb-11 Green Logistics 21 4 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES Research framework:  Original aviation charts were used  Interviewed persons: o Air traffic controllers o Flight instructors o Institutions o Pilots  Different... National and international standards needed • Several changes in routing and processes (e.g stops, accident and ADR training etc.) Operations needed • Future research task with business practice Feb-11 Green Logistics 17 4 EXAMPLE GPS FLIGHTROUTES  Air traffic will grow steadfast in the next years (4% p.a.)  The airspace (management) has already reached full capacity levels  Current Air Traffic System ... Retailer Customer  Green Logistics as major trend in logistics: Politics / Regulations Green Customers / Awareness Feb-11 Green Logistics Companies INTRODUCTION - Green Logistics: Company example... S./Henkel (2011) Feb-11 Green Logistics INTRODUCTION - Green Logistics: Company example DHL Source: Schlaghecken, G./DHL (2011) Feb-11 Green Logistics INTRODUCTION - Green Logistics as measurement... Green Logistics INTEGRATED GL CONCEPT - Green Logistics requires an integrated management approach, e.g „TSM“: Feb-11 Green Logistics EXAMPLE ELECTRIC VEHICLES - Operative implementation of Green