Solar Resource

SOLAR RESOURCE QUESTIONS • What is solar resource? Why need to assess? • Which forms of radiation are used in solar projects? • Solar constant? Extra terrestrial radiation? • Solar radiation attenuants? • Measurement (sensors?) quality? • Ground measurements vs others? • Relative drawbacks? • Need? SOLAR RESOURCE • Fuel for the power project for next 30 years • Importance for – Site selection – Estimation of project parameters • Electricity output estimation • Cost • Financial parameters ASSESSMENT OF RESOURCE • Ground measurements – Limitations • Forecast – On site – For life of project – Limitations ACCURACY • Reduction in Uncertainty • Project cost: Euro – million per MW • Resource Assessment cost: Euro 50K (< 0.1%) • Feasibility: Euro 50K (< 0.1%) (mainly assessing the cost & performance) • Bankability: Euro 50K (< 0.1%) WHAT IS SOLAR RESOURCE? • • • • • • • Solar Spectrum Universal Constant: 1,367 W / m2 Solar Cycle (11 years) GHI: Global Horizontal Irradiation (PV projects) DNI: Direct Normal Irradiation (CSP projects) Diffuse (PV projects) GHI = Diffuse + DNI * Cosine of Zenith angle • ET radiation varies by 6.9% (1,321 – 1,412 W / m2) depending on the distance • Variation in solar irradiation during the last solar cycles < 0.1% Top of Atmosphere radiation Ozone.……….… Absorption ( 1%) Air molecules …… Aerosols…….……… … …… Clouds………….……… Water vapor…….…… ……… Rayleigh scattering ( 15%) Scattering and absorption (15% - 100%) Reflection, scattering, absorption (max 100%) Absorption ( 15%) Atmosphere attenuants affect considerably to the DNI on surface WHY ASSESS SOLAR RESOURCE • Map potential areas – Policy – Planning (resource, grid management) • • • • • Site selection Electricity generation potential Optimization and Design Pre project feasibility Financial Closure COMPARISON COMPARISON – DNI DNI rRMSD rBIAS Meteo MODIS R2 Meteo MODIS R2 A 24 30.12 31 18.45 24.6 25.89 B 22.87 22.02 22 20.27 17.94 16.78 C 28.8 26.15 28 21.12 22.75 22.28 D 11.84 4.24 6.7 -1.88 0.61 6.41 COMPARISON – GHI GHI rRMSD Meteo MODIS rBIAS R2 Meteo MODIS R2 A 9.54 16.69 14.02 0.99 3.19 6.59 B 12.19 12.83 12.28 7.45 5.09 10.31 C 25.28 25.13 25.57 17.7 15.81 16.83 D 12.17 12.42 11.32 1.96 -0.62 2.54 LINKE TURBIDITY & DNI SENSITIVITY Dia juliano=200, z=500, Lat=37º N Long=-2º E TL=4, dia juliano=200, Lat=37º N Long=-2º E 1200 1000 TL=2 TL=4 TL=6 1000 z=0 m z=500 m z=1000 m 900 800 700 DNI (Wh m-2) DNI (Wh m-2) 800 600 600 500 400 400 300 200 200 100 0 10 12 Hora 14 16 18 20 22 24 0 DNI = I SC ε e 10 15 Hora −δR mTL 20 25 TEMPORAL SIMULATION REPORTS • The Report includes – Outstanding information related to the quality of annual data registered – Statistical summary – Comparison with nearby stations – Ground measurement data compared with satellite data (to ensure that there are no problems in the calibration and operation of radiometric instruments) SOME DATA SOURCES • • • • • Meteorological Departments NASA http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/sse/grid.cgi?email=somnath.yogi@ril.com NREL http://www.nrel.gov/rredc/solar_data.html EERE http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/cfm/weather_data.cfm WRDC http://wrdc.mgo.rssi.ru/wrdccgi/ IMPORTANT RESOURCES • http://www.nrel.gov/rredc/models_tools.html • https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/sam/ • http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/analysis_tools_tech_sol.html • Creating Weather files • Modeling (SAM) for pre project feasibility studies SOLAR DIMMING SUMMARY SUMMARY • Solar GIS maps – Potential regions – Site selection • Solar Meteorological station – Accurate, complete & validated data • Satellite estimations – Calibrated with ground data • Benchmarking • On site data – Deviation from ground truth – Forecast – Characterization • Project parameters – – – – Solar resource Electricity generation estimation Project Cost estimation Financial analysis MEETING OBJECTIVES Historical data (30 years +) Ground measurement network Quality Monitoring of ground data Establish “Ground Truth” Comparison with satellite estimations (determine the deviations) • Estimate onsite solar resource and electricity generation potential for the life of the project • • • • • CONCLUSIONS • Project Development – Site selection from solar GIS maps – Installation of onsite ground measurement station – Implementation of online Quality Monitoring System • Project pre-feasibility • Estimation of electricity output • Project cost estimation • Financial spreadsheet • Financial Closure CONTACT LAVLEEN SINGAL lavleen@acirasolar.com +91 99100 61150  +91 11 4156 2950 [...]... particularly in high potential solar regions • Accurate and reliable Solar radiation data is critical for all solar applications for design and efficiency calculation • Establishment of solar radiation resource assessment stations.(SRRA) SOLAR IRRADIATION MAP SOLAR RESOURCE ASSESSMENT • First ‘Handbook of Solar Radiation Data for India’ was published in 1981 containing data on Solar and Terrestrial Radiation... Revised Handbook on Solar Energy entitled, Solar Radiant Energy over India’ containing solar radiation and Meteorological Data pertaining to 23 locations is available along with CD The data period covered is from 1986 to 2000 • SEC initiated project on Solar Resource Assessment based on satellite imagery with National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA SOLAR RESOURCE ASSESSMENT • Solar maps (DNI... areas with higher solar radiation to setup ground stations for accurate measuring solar and meteorological parameters SOLAR RESOURCE ASSESSMENT • Steps were taken to expand the network of Solar Radiation Stations having high direct solar radiation with a view to generate investment – solar data to enable States and the developers to take investment decisions • Task of setting up of solar radiation stations... INSTRUMENTATION Sl No Instrument Pyranometer 1 (Global Solar Radiation) Shaded 2 Pyranometer (Diffuse Solar Radiation) Pyrheliometer 3 (Direct Solar Radiation) Solar 4 Tracker Ultrasonic 5 Wind Sensor Rain 6 Gauge Pressure 7 sensor a.8Temperature b Relative Humidity 9 GPS 10 Data logger & Modem 11 GPRS 12 Solar PV Panel 13 External Battery Manufacturer Parameter A Solar Measuring Instruments Eppley Laboratory,... global leader in Solar Energy • It is proposed to generate 20,000 MW of Solar power by 2022 • Create favorable condition for solar manufacturing capability • Promote off grid/decentralized application of solar energy thereby empowering the people at grass root level • Technological innovations (R&D) to drive down costs towards grid parity JNNSM HIGHLIGHTS • Detailed mapping of ground solar insolation... of the Ministry OBJECTIVES • • • • Assess and quantify the ground data of solar radiation Establish Solar Radiation Resource Assessment(SRRA) stations covering potential areas in the country Transmit data to Central Receiving Station (CRS) established at C-WET, Chennai through GPRS mode Data processing , modeling and making of Solar Maps IMPLEMENTATION • 51 SRRA Stations in 11 States/UT and a Central...HOW TO ASSESS SOLAR RESOURCE • Ground measurements – Solar meteorological station • Interpolation – Statistical methodology • Satellite estimation – Modeling algorithm GROUND MEASUREMENTS • Drawbacks – Relative distances (~ 100 km) – Deviations due to terrain – On site measurements: not enough time frame (11-year solar cycle) – Instrumentation error (8%) – Accuracy... • Ground measuring stations Quality Monitoring of Ground stations Estimation from satellite images Summary GROUND MEASUREMENTS JNNSM HIGHLIGHTS • Solar Energy has a great potential as future source of energy • India is a tropical country endowed with vast solar energy potential(About 5,000 trillion kWh per year energy is incident over India’s land area with most parts receiving 4-7 kWh per sq m per... Moserbaer, India For charging battery for powering ASRMS Exide, India For electrical storage Besides, data on Average Pyrheliometer Error(%), Average & Instantaneous Solar Elevation (0), Average Normal Radiation (W/m2), Average & Instantaneous Solar Azimuth (0) angles, Average (Volt) are also received in Central Server at C WET, Chennai MODEL SITES • Following stations out of 51 SRRA stations will be projected ... efficiency calculation • Establishment of solar radiation resource assessment stations.(SRRA) SOLAR IRRADIATION MAP SOLAR RESOURCE ASSESSMENT • First ‘Handbook of Solar Radiation Data for India’ was... • SEC initiated project on Solar Resource Assessment based on satellite imagery with National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA SOLAR RESOURCE ASSESSMENT • Solar maps (DNI & GHI) of North-Western... with higher solar radiation to setup ground stations for accurate measuring solar and meteorological parameters SOLAR RESOURCE ASSESSMENT • Steps were taken to expand the network of Solar Radiation