The research is a sure-fire solution to apply on realistic condition due to its feasibility and low cost for a development of sustainable agriculture in Vietnam as the top aims of Sony Green competition

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION -o0o Breeding as one of the major sections of agriculture is playing a vital role in Vietnam including the Mekong Delta However, waste of breeding activity has not been treated well It is one of the most important reasons which cause pollution of river resources In order to cope with these challenges, human must have experimental science to find the way to improve the environment, research to apply waste treatment of aquatic plant with their bio-filter capability Ludwigia (Jussiaea repens L.) is one of aquatic plants which normally develop at riverbank, in particular in polluted environment Ludwigia has a great potential in waste treatment which is unfortunately not researched carefully Due to this reason, this study is performed with the purpose of diving deeply in researching Ludwigia’s capability in waste treatment The research is a sure-fire solution to apply on realistic condition due to its feasibility and low cost for a development of sustainable agriculture in Vietnam as the top aims of Sony Green competition Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn CHAPTER 2: TREATMENT WASTE WATER IN BREEDING BY AQUATIC PLANT -o0o 2.1 Classification aquatic plant: 2.1.1 Aquatic plant live sink: 2.1.2 Aquatic plant live drift: 2.1.3 Aquatic plant live float: Table: Some of aquatic plants popular Type Aquatic plant live sink Scientific name Hydrilla verticillata Myriophyllum spicatum Blyxa aubertii Eichhornia crassipes Aquatic plant Wolfia arrhiga live drift Pistia stratiotes Salvinia spp Typha spp Aquatic plant Scirpus spp live float Phragmites communis Jussiaea repens L 2.2 Some of aquatic plants in Mekong delta - Aquatic plant live drift: Figure: Water hyacinth Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn - Aquatic plant live float Figure: Seed 2.3 Composition of the body in an aquatic plant: - Content of water - Content of protein 2.4 Biological treatment: 2.4.1 Use pond for treatment waste water: 2.4.2 Waste treatment by aquatic plant: Table: Part of aquatic plants in a system of treatment waste water Plant -Root or body Object -Bracket for bacterium to develop -Filtration and absorption nutriment -Body or leafs on water surface -Absorbing daylight and so preventing or over surface excessive development of alga -Decreasing influence of air on the waste surface -Decreasing exchange between waste and air around -Transferring oxygen from leafs to root Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn CHAPTER 3: OBJECT STUDY LUDWIGIA – JUSSIAEA REPENS L AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTE WATER IN BREEDING -o0o 3.1 Object study Ludwigia – Jussiaea repens L - Scientific name is Jussiaea repens L (family name OENOTHRERACEAE), normal name is Ludwigia - Stature: weed, rise over surface by white float-root and knotty tree - Leafs: simple leaf, type of broad leafs; upper-leaf and under-leaf - Flower: ivory-white flower, blade 1cm, petal, hairy-overy, triangle-carpel - Habitation: rise into the fields, humidity - 1000m in Viet Nam, blossom from June to September Figure: Ludwigia with white float-root Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn 3.2 Characteristics of waste water in breeding: Table: Some of chemical-physical index in waste water Value Index Unit Temperature pH COD BOD5 C mg/l mg/l Before deposit After deposit 26-30 6,5 - 7,8 5000-6000 3000-4000 26-30 - 7,8 500-860 300-530 COD: Chemical oxygen demand; BOD: Biochemical oxygen demand, measured over day at 20oC 3.3 Structure of waste treatment by aquatic plant – Ludwigia 3.3.1 Structure disposes of BOD: Figure: Relation symbiosis between Aquatic plant (AP) and Micro-organism (MO) AP (1) MO (2) Disintegrate organic New substance is easy for absorbtion and transformation (1) Bracket for micro-organism develops (2) Supply oxygen for micro-organism that disintegrate aerobic organic 3.3.2 Structure disposes of Phosphate: 3.3.3 Structure disposes of Bacterium: 3.3.4 Structure disposes of heavy metal: 3.3.5 Structure decrease a phenomenon “alga bloom” Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn CHAPTER 4: OBJECTIVE - METHOD OF STUDY -o0o -4.1 Objective research - General objectives: Improving the quantity of waste water in breeding to protect environment and develop sustainability in agriculture - Concrete objectives: + Investigate some chemical-physical index in waste water with Ludwigia + Investigate a growing capability of Ludwigia in waste water and pure water + Comparison and conclusion about Ludwigia’s impacts in waste treatment - Study about the construction of a waste treatment system with aquatic plant – Ludwigia 4.2 Method of study 4.2.1 Stage of study - Stage I: Investigate a capability Ludwigia grow in different concentration of waste water (Experiment confirm) - Stage II: Investigate some chemical-physical index between of equation by time and growing capability Ludwigia in waste water - Stage III: Analyse data and conclude the waste treatment capability of Ludwigia 4.2.2 Material – Means of study + Ludwigia + Brass basin for dispose experiment: 10 + Other tool: can (2 l), pen, tent (nilon), balance, and ruler cm + Waste water in breeding farm: 490 (H7), 1A street, Can Tho city Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn Figure: Waste water in breeding farm (where collect assay sample) without treatment + Pure water: NIVA (Company Sang Ñuc, 53/3 Nguyen Viet Dung streetBinh Thuy District – Can Tho city) SXTCVN: 6096:1995 Number CBCL: 009/2005/CBTC-YTCT + Machines and chemical substance in laboratory of department Environment in Can Tho University and Chamber of Environment Monitoring in Can Tho city Figure: Area for dispose the experiment 4.2.3 Time – Position of study: - Time: from 08-2005 to 09-2005 - Dispose in breeding farm - Source of waste water is collected on pond (150m2) 4.2.4 Method of study 4.2.4.1 Stage I: (1 week) Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn - Experiment: Ludwigia live in concentration 100% and pure water 4.2.4.2 Stage II: (3 weeks) - Investigate some chemical-physical index between of equation by time and growing capability Ludwigia in waste water Since then we can compare with different concentration, analyse data of study and conclude about the waste treatment of Ludwigia - Experiment is disposed such as: Each brass basin has 10l (waste or pure water) with plants same size (35±2cm) Figure: Brass basin: waste concentration 100% with plants equation has brass basin: + Brass basin 1: waste concentration 100% + Brass basin 2: waste concentration 50% + Brass basin 3: pure water equation has repeat sets - Stage of preparing for experiment: Ludwigia: (mark each of plant) + Measure an initially length of plants (35±2cm) + Count number of leafs on each of plant + Observe figure of plant (colour of leafs and body) Water experiment: + Mark water-level in each of brass basin + Collect specimen and analyse some chemical-physical index: pH, EC, BOD, COD + Pour out the pure water loss because of evaporation - Stage of experiment: (3 weeks) Ludwigia: (mark each of plant) Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn + Measure again the initially length of plants (35±2cm) + Count again the number of leafs on each of plant + Observe figure of plant (colour of leafs and body) Water experiment: collect set /week + Add same volume of the pure water for the loss because of evaporation and collect specimen + Analyse specimen (index: pH, EC, BOD, COD) Figure: Brass basin: waste concentration 50% with plants 4.2.4.3 Stage III: - Summarize the result - Conclusion and point out the approach for expansion of the study 4.2.5 Collection and preservation the assay sample: 4.2.6 Elements of water analyse: - pH: no unit - EC: unit μs/cm - BOD: unit mg/l - COD: unit mg/l 4.2.7 Method of analyse water: Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn CHAPTER 5: RESULT OF EXPERIMENT -o0o -5.1 Change elements of experiment water: (Stage II) 5.1.1 pH: Table: Change pH between of equation (NT) by time Time Average in basins/1 equation Date 1/9 Date 10/9 Date 20/9 NT I: pure water+plant NT II: waste water 50%+plant NT III: waste water 100%+plant 7.69 7.43 7.13 6.84 8.74 8.71 6.45 7.55 8.49 pH 10 pH I II III 1/9 10/9 20/9 Figure: Graph of perform a change pH by time + Organic Bacterium O2 Alga Figure: Diagram of pH increasing mechanism − HCO 3− ↔ CO 32 + H O + CO − CO 32 + H O ↔ OH Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu − + CO http://www.ebook.edu.vn 10 5.1.2 Change EC by time: Table: Change EC (mS/cm) between of equation (NT) by time Time Average in basins/1 equation Date 1/9 Date 10/9 Date 20/9 NT I: pure water+plant NT II: waste water 50%+plant NT III: waste water 100%+plant 34.0 80.8 166.9 26.9 58.8 122.9 24.5 37.3 112.2 EC (uS/cm) EC 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 I II III 1/9 10/9 20/9 Figure: Graph of perform a change EC (mS/cm) by time 5.1.3 Change COD by time: Table: Change COD (mg/l) between of equation (NT) by time Time Average in basins/1 equation Date 1/9 Date 10/9 Date 20/9 NT I: pure water+plant NT II: waste water 50%+plant NT III: waste water 100%+plant 223.76 338.96 18.40 193.63 129.63 17.04 50.4 89.6 Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn 11 COD (mg/l) COD 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 I II III 1/9 10/9 20/9 Figure: Graph of perform a change COD (mg/l) by time 5.1.4 Change BOD by time: Table: Change BOD (mg/l) between of equation (NT) by time Time Average in basins/1 equation Date 1/9 Date 20/9 NT I: pure water+plant NT II: waste water 50%+plant NT III: waste water 100%+plant 190 340 15 40 50 BOD 400 BOD 300 (mg/l) 200 100 I II III 1/9 20/9 Figure: Graph of perform a change BOD (mg/l) by time 5.2 Change the growing of plant – Jussiaea repens L: 5.2.1 The length of body: Table: Change the length of body (L cm) between of equation (NT) by time Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn 12 Time Average in basins/1 equation Date 1/9 Date 10/9 Date 20/9 NT I: pure water+plant NT II: waste water 50%+plant NT III: waste water 100%+plant 35 35 35 37.9 37.3 36.1 39.7 40.1 40.9 L 42 L (cm) 40 I 38 II 36 III 34 32 1/9 10/9 20/9 Figure: Graph of perform a change the length (L cm) of body by time 5.2.2 Quantity of leafs: Table: Change quantity of leafs (D) between of equation (NT) by time Time Average in basins/1 equation Date 1/9 Date 10/9 Date 20/9 NT I: pure water+plant NT II: waste water 50%+plant NT III: waste water 100%+plant 22 22 22 20 16 14 15 19 24 D 30 25 D 20 I II III 15 10 1/9 10/9 20/9 Figure: Graph of perform a change quantity of leaf (D leaf) by time Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn 13 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION - PROMOTION -o0o -6.1 Conclusion: - Ludwigia has a capability to live and develop well in waste water It can filter waste water by means of change chemical-physical index in waste water, especially in waste water in 100% concentration + pH: it restricts the development of alga and keep value pH suitable for bacterium’s development + EC (Electro-conductive): decrease because low absorbtion of nutritive ions (NH4+, PO43-) in waste water, limit a phenomenon “alga bloom” + Concentration COD, BOD: decrease by increasing oxygen dissolve in water, create condition to acculturate the organic to the inorganic for plant absorb and root’s Ludwigia make a bracket for bacterium develop (BOD: H=87.2% and COD: H= 73.6% in waste water concentration 100%) - Ludwigia grows in waste water with specific characteristics by a strong increase of bio-synthesis of plant after weeks: length of body, quantity of leafs and colors of plant While Ludwigia grows in pure water, it has also a change but slowly after week - Color of leafs: Ludwigia grows in waste water, it has dark green colour and leaf surface is large more than Ludgiwia which grows in pure water 6.2 Suggestion: - We can study a change of waste concentration in breeding with Ludwigia in condition to grow on the ground - Investigate more indexes: TSS, TP, TN, N-NH4, PO43- (accumulation nitrogen, phosphate in body and root) and E.coli, Coliform for an accurate figure - Ludwigia after waste treatment, can be aliment for cattle, fish or we can compost for bag Biogas Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn 14 6.3 Expand of study: - We can evaluate quality of waste water via complex treatment system and the size of breeding farm or family Figure: Waste water treatment system in large breeding farm in Viet Nam Liquid fertilizer Filter-bed Reticule Alga Ventilation Anaerated pond Aerated pond Composting Feces Reserve pond Aquatic plant Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu http://www.ebook.edu.vn 15 Figure: Aerated pond for waste treatment by aquatic plant – Water hyacinth in slaughterhouse at An Binh (91B street, Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city) - In small size farm, we can use a simple system such as: Figure: Waste water treatment system in breeding family in Vinh Thanh Loi, Chau Phu, An Giang province About 10 pigs Compost Liquid fertilizer + Feces Bag Biogas (60m3) Cover acid Pond with aquatic plant Catfish Water treat Canal Vu Thuy Quang – Nguyen Minh Thu Crop plant http://www.ebook.edu.vn 16 ... disposed such as: Each brass basin has 10l (waste or pure water) with plants same size (35±2cm) Figure: Brass basin: waste concentration 100% with plants equation has brass basin: + Brass basin... waste concentration 100% + Brass basin 2: waste concentration 50% + Brass basin 3: pure water equation has repeat sets - Stage of preparing for experiment: Ludwigia: (mark each of plant) + Measure... growing capability Ludwigia in waste water - Stage III: Analyse data and conclude the waste treatment capability of Ludwigia 4.2.2 Material – Means of study + Ludwigia + Brass basin for dispose