Dr glenn adams 1

Cultural Psychology What Is It? Glenn Adams University of Kansas, USA Lecture for the Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; 11 MAY 2011 A Cultural-Psychological Analysis: What Is It? NOT an exercise in documenting diversity or describing characteristic psychological tendencies “across cultures” A Cultural-Psychological Analysis: What Is It? NOT an exercise in documenting diversity or describing characteristic psychological tendencies “across cultures” Instead, a fundamental insight about the cultural and historical bases of mind … A Cultural-Psychological Analysis: What Is It? NOT an exercise in documenting diversity or describing characteristic psychological tendencies “across cultures” Instead, a fundamental insight about the cultural and historical bases of mind … One can find the "architecture of mind" not only in brain structure, but also inscribed in the structure of everyday worlds Mutual Constitution of Psyche/Culture Inscription: People in the course of everyday activity reproduce worlds that real-ize or objectify their beliefs and desires MIND IN BRAIN MIND IN CONTEXT ("Psyche") ("Culture") Embodiment: Rather than the simple expression of an internal blueprint, psyche requires continual tuning to—and incorporation of —psychological affordances embedded in everyday worlds A Research Task … Imagine a family with the following members : Father (f), Mother (m), daughters (ages 14 and years), and sons (ages 15, 11, and 8) A Research Task … Imagine a family with the following members : Father (f), Mother (m), daughters (ages 14 and years), and sons (ages 15, 11, and 8) Arrange this family into psychologically optimal sleeping arrangements given that you have only sleeping spaces (i.e., beds, mats, rooms, etc) A Research Task … Imagine a family with the following members : Father (f), Mother (m), daughters (ages 14 and years), and sons (ages 15, 11, and 8) Arrange this family into psychologically optimal sleeping arrangements given that you have only sleeping spaces (i.e., beds, mats, rooms, etc) Imagine that you have no resource constraints—that is, as many separate sleeping spaces as you think appropriate Indicate which is the psychologically optimal sleeping arrangement Psychology Implicit in Practice (Shweder, Jensen, & Goldstein, 1995) Psychology Implicit in Practice (Shweder, Jensen, & Goldstein, 1995) Bubaneswar (Orissa, India) Practice  Incest Avoidance  Protection of the Vulnerable  Female Chastity Anxiety  Respect for Hierarchy/Authority Cultural Grounding of Self: Content Tôi Compared to people in diverse cultural and historical settings, people in North American settings … • Refer to fewer social identities • Mention fewer duties and obligations Cultural Grounding of Self: Content Tôi Compared to people in diverse cultural and historical settings, people in North American settings … • Refer to fewer social identities • Mention fewer duties and obligations • Note more de-contextualized traits Selfways (Markus, Mullally, & Kitayama, 1997) Worlds of independence afford … General Cognition Motivation Emotion Worlds of Interdependence afford … Experience of self and other in terms of internal Experience of self in terms of relationship to [social] attributes context Attention to properties of objects, attributes of people Attention to fields of force, relations between objects Social Perception Task (Miller, 1984) This concerns a motorcycle accident The back wheel burst on the motorcycle The passenger sitting in the rear jumped The moment the passenger fell, he struck his head on the pavement The driver of the motorcycle who is an attorney as he was on his way to court for some work, just took the passenger to a local hospital and went on and attended to his court work I personally feel the motorcycle driver did a wrong thing The driver left the passenger there without consulting the doctor concerning the seriousness of the injury the gravity of the situation—whether the passenger should be shifted immediately-and he went on to the court So ultimately the passenger died Why did the driver leave the passenger without waiting to hear about the person's status? Social Perception Task (Miller, 1984) This concerns a motorcycle accident The back wheel burst on the motorcycle The passenger sitting in the rear jumped The moment the passenger fell, he struck his head on the pavement The driver of the motorcycle who is an attorney as he was on his way to court for some work, just took the passenger to a local hospital and went on and attended to his court work I personally feel the motorcycle driver did a wrong thing The driver left the passenger there without consulting the doctor concerning the seriousness of the injury the gravity of the situation—whether the passenger should be shifted immediately-and he went on to the court So ultimately the passenger died Why did the driver leave the passenger without waiting to hear about the person's status? US respondents make 36% of their attributions to dispositional sources but only 17% of their attributions to contextual sources Social Perception Task (Miller, 1984) This concerns a motorcycle accident The back wheel burst on the motorcycle The passenger sitting in the rear jumped The moment the passenger fell, he struck his head on the pavement The driver of the motorcycle who is an attorney as he was on his way to court for some work, just took the passenger to a local hospital and went on and attended to his court work I personally feel the motorcycle driver did a wrong thing The driver left the passenger there without consulting the doctor concerning the seriousness of the injury the gravity of the situation—whether the passenger should be shifted immediately-and he went on to the court So ultimately the passenger died Why did the driver leave the passenger without waiting to hear about the person's status? US respondents make 36% of their attributions to dispositional sources but only 17% of their attributions to contextual sources Indian respondents make 15% of their attributions to dispositional sources and 35% to contextual sources Selfways (Markus, Mullally, & Kitayama, 1997) Worlds of independence afford … General Worlds of Interdependence afford … Experience of self and other in terms of internal Experience of self in terms of relationship to [social] attributes context Cognition Attention to properties of objects, attributes of people Attention to fields of force, relations between objects Motivation Focus on personal attitudes, opportunities to self- Focus on social norms, comparison of self to standards enhance Emotion Perception Task For each of the following attributes, please rank yourself relative to other KU students For example, if you think that you are higher on the attribute than 80% of KU students, write down 80 in the blank memory independence sympathy athletic ability interdependence Perception Task For each of the following attributes, please rank yourself relative to other KU students For example, if you think that you are higher on the attribute than 80% of KU students, write down 80 in the blank memory independence Across attributes, US students tend to report that they have more of the attribute than 70% of relevant others sympathy athletic ability interdependence Japanese participants tend to report that they have more of the attribute than 50% of relevant others Selfways (Markus, Mullally, & Kitayama, 1997) Worlds of independence afford … General Worlds of Interdependence afford … Experience of self and other in terms of internal Experience of self in terms of relationship to [social] attributes context Cognition Attention to properties of objects, attributes of people Attention to fields of force, relations between objects Motivation Focus on personal attitudes, opportunities to self- Focus on social norms, comparison of self to standards enhance Emotion Pursuit of happiness; subjective meaning of emotion Pursuit of contentment; "objective" meaning of emotion Move Body, Change Self (Heine & Lehman, 2004) J– Japanese who have never been abroad BAJ – “Been Abroad Japanese” RAC – “Recent Asian-Canadians” (moved to Canada within past years) LAC – “Long-Term Asian-Canadians” (moved to Canada > years ago) 2AC – Second-generation Asian-Canadians 3AC – Third-generation Asian-Canadians EC – European-Canadians Move Body, Change Self (Heine & Lehman, 2004) J– Japanese who have never been abroad BAJ – “Been Abroad Japanese” RAC – “Recent Asian-Canadians” (moved to Canada within past years) LAC – “Long-Term Asian-Canadians” (moved to Canada > years ago) 2AC – Second-generation Asian-Canadians 3AC – Third-generation Asian-Canadians EC – European-Canadians Summary Cultural Psychology as Antidote to Individualism In contrast to the conceptual individualism of mainstream psychology, a cultural psychology analysis emphasizes the social and historical bases of mind and experience Summary Cultural Psychology as Antidote to Individualism In contrast to the conceptual individualism of mainstream psychology, a cultural psychology analysis emphasizes the social and historical bases of mind and experience Preview of Lecture Neocolonialism in Science: The Case of Relationship Psychology Summary Cultural Psychology as Antidote to Individualism In contrast to the conceptual individualism of mainstream psychology, a cultural psychology analysis emphasizes the social and historical bases of mind and experience Preview of Lecture Neocolonialism in Science: The Case of Relationship Psychology Invitation to Discussion and Potential Collaboration [...]... rear jumped The moment the passenger fell, he struck his head on the pavement The driver of the motorcycle who is an attorney as he was on his way to court for some work, just took the passenger to a local hospital and went on and attended to his court work I personally feel the motorcycle driver did a wrong thing The driver left the passenger there without consulting the doctor concerning the seriousness... court So ultimately the passenger died Why did the driver leave the passenger without waiting to hear about the person's status? Social Perception Task (Miller, 19 84) This concerns a motorcycle accident The back wheel burst on the motorcycle The passenger sitting in the rear jumped The moment the passenger fell, he struck his head on the pavement The driver of the motorcycle who is an attorney as he... attended to his court work I personally feel the motorcycle driver did a wrong thing The driver left the passenger there without consulting the doctor concerning the seriousness of the injury the gravity of the situation—whether the passenger should be shifted immediately-and he went on to the court So ultimately the passenger died Why did the driver leave the passenger without waiting to hear about the... make 36% of their attributions to dispositional sources but only 17 % of their attributions to contextual sources Social Perception Task (Miller, 19 84) This concerns a motorcycle accident The back wheel burst on the motorcycle The passenger sitting in the rear jumped The moment the passenger fell, he struck his head on the pavement The driver of the motorcycle who is an attorney as he was on his way... attended to his court work I personally feel the motorcycle driver did a wrong thing The driver left the passenger there without consulting the doctor concerning the seriousness of the injury the gravity of the situation—whether the passenger should be shifted immediately-and he went on to the court So ultimately the passenger died Why did the driver leave the passenger without waiting to hear about the... about the person's status? US respondents make 36% of their attributions to dispositional sources but only 17 % of their attributions to contextual sources Indian respondents make 15 % of their attributions to dispositional sources and 35% to contextual sources Selfways (Markus, Mullally, & Kitayama, 19 97) Worlds of independence afford … General Worlds of Interdependence afford … Experience of self and... of human existence basic individuals x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Introduction Exercise: 1 Tôi là 2 Tôi là 3 Tôi là 4 Tôi là 5 Tôi là Selfways (Markus, Mullally, & Kitayama, 19 97) Worlds of independence afford … General Cognition Motivation Emotion Worlds of Interdependence afford … Experience of self and... Kitayama, 19 97) Worlds of independence afford … General Cognition Motivation Emotion Worlds of Interdependence afford … Experience of self and other in terms of internal Experience of self in terms of relationship to [social] attributes context Attention to properties of objects, attributes of people Attention to fields of force, relations between objects Social Perception Task (Miller, 19 84) This...Psychology Implicit in Practice (Shweder, Jensen, & Goldstein, 19 95) Bubaneswar (Orissa, India) Practice  Incest Avoidance  Protection of the Vulnerable  Female Chastity Anxiety  Respect for Hierarchy/Authority Hyde Park (Illinois, USA) Practice  Incest Avoidance... relevant others sympathy athletic ability interdependence Japanese participants tend to report that they have more of the attribute than 50% of relevant others Selfways (Markus, Mullally, & Kitayama, 19 97) Worlds of independence afford … General Worlds of Interdependence afford … Experience of self and other in terms of internal Experience of self in terms of relationship to [social] attributes context ... (ages 14 and years), and sons (ages 15 , 11 , and 8) A Research Task … Imagine a family with the following members : Father (f), Mother (m), daughters (ages 14 and years), and sons (ages 15 , 11 ,... a family with the following members : Father (f), Mother (m), daughters (ages 14 and years), and sons (ages 15 , 11 , and 8) Arrange this family into psychologically optimal sleeping arrangements... Psychology Implicit in Practice (Shweder, Jensen, & Goldstein, 19 95) Psychology Implicit in Practice (Shweder, Jensen, & Goldstein, 19 95) Bubaneswar (Orissa, India) Practice  Incest Avoidance