Lời khuyên:Ex: "You should do your homework before going to school." Said teacher.. -> The teacher said that we should do our homework before going to school.. “Do you go to school by bi
Trang 1Grammar:
1 Passive: (thể bị động)
a Thì hiện tại đơn:
*Active : S + V(s/ es) + O
* Passive : S + be (am/is/are) + P.P ( BY+O)
*Question: Be + S + P.P (+ By + O) ?
b Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn : *Active : S + be (am/ is/ are) +V-ing + O
* Passive : S + be (am/is/are) + being + P.P ( BY+O)
*Question: Be + S +being + P.P (+ By + O) ?
c Thì hiện tại hòan thành : *Active : S + have/ has + P.P + O
* Passive : S + have/ has + been + P.P (By+ O)
*Question: Have/ Has + S + been + P.P (+ By+O) ?
d Thì quá khứ đơn :
*Active : S + V-ed/2 + O
* Passive: S + was/ were + P.P ( BY+O)
*Question: Was/Were + S + P.P (+ By + O) ?
e Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
*Active : S + was/ were + V_ing + O
* Passive : S + was/ were + being + P.P (+ By+O)
*Question: Was/Were + S +being + P.P (+ By + O) ?
g Thì tương lai đơn:
*Active : S +Will +V_infinitive + O
* Passive : S + Will + Be (không chia) + P.P (By+ O)
*Question: Will + S + Be(không chia) + P.P (+ By+O) ?
j Modal verbs:
*Active: S + (modal verbs)+ V_infinitive + O
*Passive: S + (modal verbs)+ be + V-ed/ V3(Past Participle) (+By+O)
k Các dạng đặc biệt:
* S + V + O1 + O2 -> S(O1) + be + P.P +O2 (by O)/ S(O2) + be + P.P + to/for + O1
* S + V + O + V -> S + be + P.P + to V
* Noone/ Nobody -> modal/ be +not
* S + V + That + S2 + V2 -> It + be + P.P + that + S2 + V2
to- inf ( thì hiện tại đơn/ tương lai đơn/ tiếp diễn) -> S2 + be + P.P +
to have + p.p ( thì quá khứ đơn/ các thì hoàn thành)
* Who + V +O …?
-> By whom + be + S + P.P … ?
2 Wish: (ước, ao ước,….)
*structure: S1 + Wish(es) + S2 + Would/ could + bare infinitive
V (simple past)
Trang 2** Notes: - to be trong quá khứ của wish ta sử dụng “were”.
- hiện tại -> quá khứ
3 Adverb clauses of result:
so /therefore : vì thế, vì vậy, do đó
Ex: Ba stayed up late so he is tired.
Ba stayed up late herefore, he is tired.
Adj/Adv
SO + Many/ much/ little /few + N + that + clause
Adj + a/an + singular count noun
-> Such + a/an + Adj + N + that + clause
Too + adj/adv + V
Too + adj/adv + V + for O + to –inf
adj/adv + enough + to -inf
adj/adv + enough + for O + to-inf
enough + N + (for + O) + to-inf
4 Adverb clauses of reason:
as/ because/ since: vì, bởi vì…
Ex: Ba is tired because/ as/ since he stayed up late.
Because + clause (S +V )
N
Because of + (the) + Adj + N (noun phrase)
V-ing (S1# S2)
5 Making suggestions:
* S + suggest + V-ing +
* S + suggest + (that) + S + should + bare infinitive +
EX: He suggests going fishing this weekend
He suggests (that) we (should) go fishing this weekend
• How about/ what about + V_ing………?
• Let’s + V (bare inf)………
• Why don’t you/we + V (bare inf)……… ?
6 Adverbs clauses of concession: although/ though/ even though : mặc dù
Ex: He went to school although/ though/ even though he was tired.
Although in spite of N
Though + clause - + Adj + N
Even though despite V_ing
7 Relative clauses:
- Who + V (thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người )(đại từ trong câu: he, she,…)
- Whom + mệnh đề (thay thế cho túc từ chỉ người / vật… (him, her, it……)
- Which + V/ mệnh đề (thay thế cho vật, con vật ( it, a dog…)
- Whose + danh từ ( thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu/ sở hữu cách: her, )
- That + ……… (thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người và vật).
- Where + mệnh đề ( thay thế cho nơi chốn: there, here…)
- When + mệnh đề ( thay thế cho thời gian : time, day,…)
Trang 3-có thể dùng “that” thay thế cho who, whom, which.
Notes: -“that” ko dùng trong câu có dấu phẩy
- giới từ có thể đặt trước whom / which : in+which,…
8 Conditional sentences: ( câu điều kiện )
* Conditional type 1: ( Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
* If + S + V(s, es) / Be( am/is/are) , S + Will + V_infinitive
Ex: 1 If it is fine tomorrow, I will go fishing
2 If you let an object off your hand, It will fall
* Conditional type 2: ( Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại)
-V (simple past)
* If + S + - were , S + would/ could + bare_infinitive
- could + V_infinitive
Ex: Nam could arrive at school on time if he had an alarm clock
* Prepositions of time:
1 AT: Dùng trước các cụm từ chỉ thời gian sau:
- at 4 o'clock
- at night
- at Christmas, Easter, …
- at once ( ngay lập tức)
- at last ( cuối cùng)
- at the moment
- at present
- at weekends
- at the end of
- at the same time
- at the age of
- at breakfast/ lunch/ dinner
2 IN
- Year: + in 1908 + in 2008
- Month: + in June + in May
- Month and year: + in May 2008
- Seasons: + In Spring + in Summer
- Part of the day: + In the morning/evening/noon ( but: at night))
- In time : đúng giờ
- Periods: in two years time
3 On:
- Days in week: + On Monday/Sunday
- Date: + On September 9th
- Date + year: + On May 10.
- On time: ( chỉ giờ chính xác)
- On weekends:
REPORTED SPEECH
1 Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu:
Ex: - " Close the window, please" said he
-> He asked me to close the window
- " Can you send me this letter, Lan" said Mai
-> Mai asked lan to send her the letter
S + asked/ told + O + (not) + to-inf
Trang 42 Lời khuyên:
Ex: "You should do your homework before going to school." Said teacher
-> The teacher said that we should do our homework before going to school
3 Câu nghi vấn :
Ex: " Are you a new student?" said he
-> He asked me if I was a student
“Do you go to school by bike, Hung?” said teacher
-> The teacher asked Hung if he went to school by bike
4 Câu hỏi với WH-question:
Ex: “ Where do you live, Lan?” said he
-> He asked Lan where she lived
“ Why did you cry, Tam?” said the fairy
-> The fairy asked Tam why she cried
5 Câu phát biểu.
“ She is a good student.” Said he
-> He said that she was a student
“ They played soccer in the school yard” said he
-> He said that they had played soccer in the school yard
6 NOTES:
- ta không cần đổi thì trong dấu ngoặc kép nếu mệnh đề bên ngoài ở thì hiện tại đơn
Ex: - “ I want to drink a glass of beer” says he
-> He says that he wants to drink a glass of beer
* chuyển đổi thì:
- Present simple
Ex: I play volleyball -> Past simpleEx: I played volleyball
- Present progressive
Ex: I’m playing volleyball
-> Past progressive
Ex: I was playing volleyball
- Present perfect
Ex: I have played volleyball
- Past perfect (had + P.P )
Ex: I had played volleyball
- Past simple
Ex: I played volleyball
- Past perfect (had + P.P)
Ex: I had play volley ball
- Simple future (will/ shall)
Ex: I will play volleyball
- Conditional ( would/should)
Ex: I would play volleyball
S + said (that) + S + should + V_( bare inf )
S + advised + O + (not) + to-inf
S + asked/wanted to know/wondered + O + W-H + clause (lùi thì)
S + said + ( that)+ clause (lùi thì)
S + asked/wanted to know/wondered + O + If/ whether + clause ( lùi thì)
Trang 5* Chuyển đổi khác
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Next week The week after/ The following week
Tomorrow The day after / the following day
Must/Have to Had to/ would have to
Must not Was not to ( were not to)
Will/ shall Would/ should/be going to
- Had better - Used to - Would
- Should - Might - Ought to - Had better - Used to - Would- Should - Might - Ought to
Trang 6*This và these:
- This/These dùng trong thành ngữ chỉ thời gian thường đổi thành That/Those
Ex: He said, "She is coming this week"
->He said that she was coming that week
- Mặt khác this và that đứng trước một danh từ (không chỉ thời gian) thường được đổi sang "the"
Ex: " I bought this book for my son" said he
-> He said he had bought the book for his son.
* Tag questions
Ex: - You don't go out, do you?
- He is a doctor, isn't he?
1 Form:
Ex: He drank a lot of beer, didn't he?
Ex: He didn't drink a lot of beer, did he?
* dùng cùng 1 chủ ngữ - đổi danh từ chỉ tên người thành đại từ
Ex:- Lan will go to Ha Noi, won't she?
* động từ to have được dùng như động từ chính ta sử dụng trợ động từ do/does/did.
Ex:- They have two children, don't they?
- You had a car,didn't you?
* There is/there are/it is bao hàm chủ ngữ giả do đó đuôi cũng sẽ là : there/it
- There are only twenty students in our class, aren't there?
2 Những trường hợp đặc biệt:
* nếu mệnh đề chính ở dạng mệnh lệnh yêu cầu thì đuôi sẽ là "will you?"
Ex: - Don't be late, will you?
- Open the box, will you?
* nếu mệnh đề chính là " let's” thì đuôi sẽ là " shall we?"
Ex: Let's go out for a walk, shall we?
* Nếu mệnh đề chính là " I am" thì đuôi sẽ là " aren't I"
Ex: I am late, aren't I?
WORD FORM:
1 S + BE + ADJ
2 S + BE + A/AN + ADJ + N
3 S + BE + ADV + ADJ
4 S + V + ADV
5 THE + N + OF
6 SOME/ ONE/THE /A/AN/MUCH/MANY + N
Clause ( S + V), Auxiliary verb(not) + S ? +
-Clause ( S + aux (not) + V) , Aux + S?
- +
Trang 77 P.A (TÍNH TỪ SỞ HỮU) + N
8 Giới từ + V_ing / N
9 Adv + clause
*CÁC DẠNG VIẾT LẠI CÂU: takes
1 It took + O + time + to V
will take -> S + spend(s) / spent + time + V_ing
-to-inf ago 2 S + started / began -V_ing in, when
- for
-> S + have /has + p.p
- since
3 This is the first time + S + have/has + P.P
-> S + have/ has + not + P.P before in + năm 4 S + last + Ved/ 2 + when + mệnh đề khoảng thời gian + ago
-> The last time + S + Ved/2 + + was + in / ago -> It’s + năm / khoảng tg + since + S + V(ed/2)
-> S + haven’t / hasn’t + P.P for / since
5 When + did + S + V(bare inf) ?
-> How long + have/has +S + p.p ?
When + did + S + last + V(bare inf) ?
-> How long is it + Since + S + last + ved/2 ?
6 V_ing/ To-inf + be + (very) + adj -> It + be + (very) + adj + to-inf
EXERCISES * Các dạng bài tập viết lại câu: Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first 1.It’s a pity I can’t play the guitar well I wish ………
2 My mother spent three hours making a dress It took ………
3 We haven’t been to the concert for over a year The last time ………
4 Reading newspapers in the morning gives him pleasure He enjoys ………
5 We last saw our grandfather two years ago We haven’t ………
Trang 86 You can make payment at any post office.
Payment………
7 The president presented the trophy to the winner.
The trophy ………
8 I have never read such a romantic story
This is ………
9 He would go hunting when he was in Africa.
He used ………
10 His dog is called Tony
He ………
11 It’s nearly twenty years since my father saw my uncle.
My father ……….
12 It’s pity I don’t have a computer
I wish ……….
13 They are going to build a supermarket in my neighborhood.
A supermarket ………
14 The last time we went to a cinema was two years ago
We haven’t ………
15 The journey to the village was very interesting to the boys
The boys ……….
16 He bought such a lot of books that he couldn’t read them all.
So………
17 The doctor advised him to stay in bed for a few days
He………
18 I regretted not telling him what happened last night
I wish ………
19 I wish I could speak English fluently
It’s a ………
20 he hasn’t been back to his village for over 20 years
It’s ………
21 I’m sorry I’m not able to go with you
I wish ………
22 Spending the weekend in the countryside is very exciting.
It’s ………
23 Why don’t we go to the countryside?
I suggested………
24 Practice speaking English every day or you can’t improve your English
If ………
25 She’s very pleased to go away on holiday soon
She’s looking………
26 Do you like learning a foreign language ?
Are you ………
27 The boy is sorry he doesn’t have his teacher’s address
The boy wishes………
28 This city had old buildings , but none can be found nowadays
There used………
29 “ where do you live?” The interviewer said to me
The interviewer………
30 “ I’m very busy I’ll ring you tomorrow ,” Susan said to me
Susan ………
31 “ Can you speak any foreign languages ?” Henry said to me
Henry………
32 “ Don’t shout ,” I said to Jim.
Trang 933 The last time we saw him was on Monday
We………
34 “ Can you speak Vietnamese , Maryam ?” Nga asked.
Nga asked………
35 Why don’t we go to the countryside this weekend ?
Minh suggested………
36 I would rather watch TV than go to the cinema.
I prefer………
37 “ Where will you spend your vacation next year ?” Liz said to us
Liz asked us………
38 It rained so heavily that they decided to cancel the match.
So heavily………
39 I can do what I want and you can’t stop me.
You can’t ………
40 Please don’t interrupt me all the time.
Would you mind ………
41 My father said I could use his car
My father allowed………
42 It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour.
It’s better to avoid ………
43 Micheal Jackson laughed when I told him the joke.
The joke………
44 Don’t stop him doing what he wants.
Let………
45 We like to lie on the beach all day
We enjoy………
46 Do you fancy going for a walk ?
Would you like………
47 I wish I hadn’t taken your advice.
I regret………
48 Seeing Nelson Mandela will always stay in my memory.
I’ll never forget………
49 It was difficult for me to stop laughing at Wendy’s letter.
I couldn’t help………
50 Shall I phone you this evening ?
Do you want………
51 It will be good to see them again.
I’m looking………
52 I’d prefer not to go out tonight.
I’d rather………
53 You ‘d better put your money in the bank , Jack
I advised………
54 Your parents’ house is still in Nha Trang, isn’t it ?
Your parents still ………?
55 My brother spends three hours surfing the Net every night.
It takes………
56 She asked Joanna how she thought of her new dress ?
“How………?”
57 “ do you like watching documentary ?”he said to me.
He asked………
58 It was surprising I passed the exam
Trang 10I didn’t expect………
59 do you find it difficult to understand him ?
Do you have……… 60.It’s a pity I don’t know many people here.
I wish………
61 “ Laura ! Don’t touch the electric wires!”
Mike warned………
62 My mother never allows me to go out alone at night
My mother never lets………
63 People should use bicycles for short journeys.
Bicycles………
64 Some fashion designers have printed lines of poetry on the ao dai.
Lines of poetry………
65 Do you enjoy surfing the web?
Are you………
66 I don’t know how to get access to the Internet.
I wish……….
67 It’s nearly ten years since we saw our uncle.
We……….
68 You practice your English regularly or your English does not improve.
If………
69 Temperature is measured by a thermometer
A thermometer is………
70 The last time I saw David was in 1989
I………
71 “ Why don’t you complain to the company , Peter ?” said William.
William suggested……….
72 You forgot to switch on the washing machine , didn’t you ?
You didn’t………
73 Laura painted a picture , and it’s being shown in as exhibition.
The picture……….
74 Despite their poverty , the children seemed very happy
Although………
75 Whose car is it ?
Who………
76 Guy invited a pop singer onto his chat show , but she never turned up
The pop singer………
77 Jane is excited about meeting her old friends again
Jane is looking ………
78 “ Did someone ring you an hour ago , Nancy?” said Martin.
Martin asked………
79 His parents made him study hard for the exam.
He………
80 Although she was successful , she felt dissatisfied
In spite of ………
81 It snowed heavily , so we couldn’t arrive home early.
The snow was so………
82 They live in a very lovely house.
The house………
83 Why did you allow them to leave in the storm?
You shouldn’t let………
84 Not a single house in the village escaped undamaged.