AUTOCAD mechanical 2000 tutorials

AUTOCAD Mechanical 2000  Tutorials 17320-010000-5080 June 28, 1999 This is a blank page Copyright © 1999 Autodesk, Inc All Rights Reserved This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose AUTODESK, INC MAKES NO WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THESE MATERIALS AND MAKES SUCH MATERIALS AVAILABLE SOLELY ON AN “AS-IS” BASIS IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTODESK, INC BE LIABLE TO ANYONE FOR SPECIAL, COLLATERAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF PURCHASE OR USE OF THESE MATERIALS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY TO AUTODESK, INC., REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, SHALL NOT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE MATERIALS DESCRIBED HEREIN Autodesk, Inc reserves the right to revise and improve its products as it sees fit This publication describes the state of this product at the time of its publication, and may not reflect the product at all times in the future Autodesk Trademarks The following are registered trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the USA and/or other countries: 3D Plan, 3D Props, 3D Studio, 3D Studio MAX, 3D Studio VIZ, 3DSurfer, ADE, ADI, Advanced Modeling Extension, AEC Authority (logo), AECX, AME, Animator Pro, Animator Studio, ATC, AUGI, AutoCAD, AutoCAD Data Extension, AutoCAD Development System, AutoCAD LT, AutoCAD Map, Autodesk, Autodesk (logo), Autodesk Animator, Autodesk MapGuide, Autodesk University, Autodesk View, Autodesk WalkThrough, Autodesk World, AutoLISP, AutoShade, AutoSketch, AutoSolid, AutoSurf, AutoVision, Biped, bringing information down to earth, CAD Overlay, Character Studio, Design Companion, Drafix, Education by Design, Generic, Generic 3D Drafting, Generic CADD, Generic Software, Geodyssey, Heidi, HOOPS, Hyperwire, Inside Track, Kinetix, MaterialSpec, Mechanical Desktop, Multimedia Explorer, NAAUG, Office Series, Opus, PeopleTracker, Physique, Planix, RadioRay, Rastation, Softdesk, Softdesk (logo), Solution 3000, Tech Talk, Texture Universe, The AEC Authority, The Auto Architect, TinkerTech, VISION*, WHIP!, WHIP! 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trademark of D-Cubed Ltd DCM-2D Copyright D-Cubed Ltd 19891998 The license management portion of this product is based on Élan License Manager © 1989, 1990, 1998 Élan Computer Group, Inc All rights reserved Genius is a trademark of Genius CAD Software GmbH and CoKG licensed to Autodesk, Inc., for limited use in connection with: Genius™14, Genius™ LT, Genius™ Desktop, Genius™ Mold, Genius™ Motion, Genius™ Pool, Genius™ Profile, Genius™ SAP, Genius™ TNT, Genius™ Vario Portions of this software are based on the work of the Independent JPEG Group InstallShield™ 3.0 Copyright © 1997 InstallShield Software Corporation All rights reserved International CorrectSpell™ Spelling Correction System © 1995 by Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products, N.V All rights reserved LUCA TCP/IP Package, Portions Copyright © 1997 Langener GmbH All rights reserved Copyright © 1997 Microsoft Corporation All rights reserved Objective Grid ©, Stingray Software a division of Rogue Wave Software, Inc Typefaces from Payne Loving Trust © 1996 All rights reserved PKWARE Data Compression Library ©, PKWARE, Inc Spread © 1996, Far Point Technologies, Inc All other brand names, product names or trademarks belong to their respective holders GOVERNMENT USE Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U S Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in FAR 12.212 (Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights) and DFAR 227.7202 (Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software), as applicable Content Introduction Prerequisites How the Tutorials Are Organized Methods for Accessing AutoCAD Mechanical Commands Styles for Different Input Actions Chapter 1: Working with Templates Key Terms Working with Templates .7 Getting Started Setting Up the Starting Layer Setting the Mechanical Options Specifying the Drawing Limits .10 Saving a Template 10 Using a Template .11 Chapter 2: Extending the Design of a Lever 13 Key Terms 14 Extending the Design 15 Getting Started 15 Preliminary Settings: Snap Configuration .16 Creating Construction Lines (C-Lines) 17 Creating additional C-Lines 19 Creating a Contour and Applying a Fillet .22 Creating a Contour and Trimming Projecting Edges 24 Cross-Hatching the Lever .26 Dimensioning the Lever 27 Creating a Detail and Additional Dimensions 29 Chapter 3: Dimensioning and Annotations 33 Key Terms 34 Dimensioning 36 Automatic Dimensioning 36 Editing Dimensions with Power Commands 39 Inserting Annotations 43 Inserting a Drawing Border 46 Contents | v Chapter 4: Working with Layers and Layer Groups 49 Key Terms 50 Working with Layers and Layer Groups .51 Understanding Layer Management 51 Getting Started 51 Changing a Layer By Selecting Objects 52 Creating Layer Groups .53 Using a Layer Group to Copy Objects .58 Chapter 5: Working with a Bill of Material and a Parts List 61 Key Terms 62 Inserting a Part Reference 63 Placing Balloons .66 Creating a Parts List 71 Merging and Splitting Items in a Parts List .75 Collecting Balloons 77 Sorting and Renumbering Items on a Parts List 79 Using Filters 81 Chapter 6: Working with Model Space and Layouts 85 Key Terms 86 Working with Model Space and Layouts 87 Getting Started 87 Creating a Scale Area 88 Creating a Detail 90 Generating a New Viewport 91 Inserting an User Through Hole 93 Creating a Subassembly in a New Layout 97 Chapter 7: Designing a Cam 103 Key Terms 104 Cam Design .105 Getting Started .105 Configuring the Cam Plate Calculations .106 Creating Movement Sections .108 Creating Velocity and Acceleration Curves 110 Creating Cam Geometry from the Graph .111 Creating NC Data 112 vi | Contents Chapter 8: Calculating Moment of Inertia and Deflection Line 115 Key Terms 116 Calculating Moment of Inertia and Deflection Line 117 Getting Started .117 Calculating the Moment of Inertia 118 Calculating the Deflection Line 119 Chapter 9: Creating a Shaft With Standard Parts 125 Key Terms 126 Creating a Shaft with Standard Parts 127 Configuring the Snap Options 127 Starting and Configuring the Shaft Generator 127 Creating Cylindrical Shaft Sections and Gears 129 Inserting a Spline Profile 130 Inserting a Chamfer and a Fillet 131 Inserting a Shaft Break 132 Creating a Side View of the Shaft 133 Inserting a Thread 134 Editing and Inserting a Shaft Section 134 Replacing a Shaft Section .136 Inserting a Bearing 137 Chapter 10: Performing a Shaft Calculation 139 Key Terms 140 Performing a Shaft Calculation 141 Getting Started .141 Creating the Contour of a Shaft 142 Specifying the Material 143 Placing the Supports 143 Specifying the Loads 144 Calculating the Shaft and Inserting the Results 147 Chapter 11: Working with Standard Parts 149 Key Terms 150 Working with Standard Parts 151 Getting Started .151 Inserting a Screw Connection 152 Copying a Screw Connection with Power Copy 157 Using Power Recall and Performing a Screw Calculation .158 Editing a Screw Connection with Power Edit 164 Working with Power View .166 Deleting with Power Erase .168 Contents | vii Inserting a Hole 169 Inserting a Pin 171 Hiding C-Lines .172 Simplifying the Representation of Standard Parts .173 Chapter 12: Chain Calculation 175 Key Terms 176 Chain Calculation .177 Getting Started .177 Performing a Length Calculation 178 Optimizing the Chain Length .180 Inserting Sprockets .181 Inserting a Chain 184 Chapter 13: Calculating a Spring 187 Key Terms 188 Calculating a Spring 189 Getting Started .189 Starting the Spring Calculation .190 Specifying the Spring Layout 192 Calculating and Selecting the Spring 196 Inserting the Spring .196 Copying the Spring with Power Copy 197 Editing the Spring with Power Edit .198 Chapter 14: Using FEA to Calculate Stress 201 Key Terms 202 2D FEA .203 Getting Started .203 Calculating the Stress in a Lever 203 Defining Loads and Supports .205 Calculating the Results 207 Evaluating and Refining the Mesh 208 Improving the Design 210 Recalculating the Stress 211 viii | Contents Introduction In This Chapter Learning how to use AutoCAD Mechanical „ Prerequisites 2000 for all your mechanical design needs is „ How the tutorials are organized „ Methods for accessing AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 commands „ Styles for different input actions exciting This book contains a series of tutorials to teach you how to use AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 The tutorials provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanical design process as well Drawing files have been included with the program specifically for the tutorials These drawing files provide the initial state for starting the tutorial exercises Prerequisites Installing AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 with typical or full installation, the tutorial drawings will automatically be installed Selecting the compact installation, the tutorial drawings will not be installed If you select the custom installation, be sure that you have selected the online help files to install the tutorial drawings as well Because of the fact that the tutorial is completely based on ISO standard, please be sure to have the ISO standards selected during installation If you have already installed AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 without the ISO standard part standard, please install the ISO standard part standard now How the Tutorials Are Organized The tutorials are organized so that each of the tutorial exercises deals with a special function or group of function in AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 The tutorial exercises to 14 deal with AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 Power Pack functions and can only be worked through if you have installed the Power Pack At the beginning of each tutorial, there is a list of Key Terms These terms contain pertinent mechanical design terminology and definitions Understanding the terms before you begin the lessons will help you in the tutorials Methods for Accessing AutoCAD Mechanical Commands AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 provides several methods for accessing the commands You can choose the method you prefer In the tutorial, all the methods are included in the step-by-step procedures You decide which method to use Here is an example of a step that includes the command access options: | Introduction 2D FEA Getting Started Design sophistication in the area of mechanical engineering and construction is increasing Therefore, the calculations relating to these designs have to be performed using more advanced tools in order to assure reliability To determine the stability and durability of a given structure under various loading situations, you need to observe the stress and deformation in the components while they are being loaded A structure is considered to be durable if the maximum stress is less than what the material permits Various computational methods have been developed for calculating deformation and stress conditions One of these methods is called the Finite Element Analysis The knowledge gained from this stress rating may lead to changing the structure in certain areas, which in turn necessitates changes to the design The FEA routine uses its own layer group for input and output Note that FEA is not designed for solving all special FEA tasks Its purpose is to provide you with a quick idea of the stress and deformation distributions NOTE The ISO standard part standard has to be installed for this tutorial exercise Calculating the Stress in a Lever Open the file tut_ex14 in the acadm\tutorial folder Toolbutton Open Menu File > Open Command OPEN The drawing contains a lever, which is the basis for your calculations Zoom in so that the lever fits on your screen Toolbutton Zoom Window Menu View > Zoom > Window Command ZOOM Getting Started | 203 Activate the FEA calculation Toolbutton FEA Menu Content > Calculations > FEA Command AMFEA2D Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify interior point: Specify a point inside the contour The FEA 2D Calculation dialog box opens so that you can define border conditions and perform calculations Select the thickness and the material of the lever In the Default section, enter a thickness of 10 204 | Chapter 14 Using FEA to Calculate Stress Choose Table, and select the material from your preferred standard table: Select Al alloys die-cast if you prefer to use ANSI materials Select AlMg5F25 if you prefer to use DIN materials NOTE The results will differ slightly from the tutorial, depending on the selected material Defining Loads and Supports To perform calculations, you need to define the loads and supports Choose the moveable line support button, and respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point : Specify point Specify endpoint: Specify point Specify side from endpoint: Specify a point above the contour Choose the moveable line support button again, and respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point : Specify point Specify endpoint: Press ENTER to define the starting point as the endpoint Defining Loads and Supports | 205 Choose the line force button, and respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point : Specify point Specify endpoint: Specify point Specify side from endpoint: Specify a point to the right of the specified points Enter a new value : Enter 500 Choose the line force button, and respond to the prompts as follows: Specify insertion point : Specify point Specify endpoint: Specify point Specify side from endpoint: Specify a point to the right of the specified points Enter a new value : Enter 500 206 | Chapter 14 Using FEA to Calculate Stress Calculating the Results To calculate the results, you need to generate a mesh TIP If you calculate results without creating a mesh in advance, the mesh will be created automatically Choose the mesh button Choose the isolines (isoareas) button In the FEA 2D Isolines (Isoareas) dialog box, select the Graphic Representation button on the right, and choose OK Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify base point : Press ENTER to place the isoareas in the boundary Insertion point: To the left of the part, select a suitable location for the table : Press ENTER to return to the dialog box The result looks like this: Calculating the Results | 207 After calculation, the support forces are displayed near the support symbol Evaluating and Refining the Mesh The stress table allocation relative to the lever shows heavy concentration of local stress near drawing points and Refine the mesh near these points to obtain more exact calculation results for the points of interest Choose the refining around point button, and respond to the prompts as follows: Specify center point : Specify several points near points and Specify center point : Press ENTER to continue meshing : Press ENTER to return to the dialog box 208 | Chapter 14 Using FEA to Calculate Stress After this step, you get a refined mesh at the specified points Recalculate the stress representation Choose the isolines (isoareas) button In the FEA 2D Isolines (Isoareas) dialog box, choose the Graphic Representation button on the right, and choose OK Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify base point : Press ENTER to place the iso-areas in the boundary Insertion point: To the left of the part, select a suitable location for the table : Press ENTER to return to the dialog box Evaluating and Refining the Mesh | 209 Improving the Design The results show a critical area around point that can be improved by applying a larger radius Before changing the geometry, the results and solutions have to be deleted Choose the Delete Solution button In the AutoCAD Question dialog box, choose Yes to delete the solutions and results In the AutoCAD Question dialog box, choose No to keep the loads and supports Start Power Edit to change the radius, and respond to the prompt as follows: Toolbutton Power Edit Menu Modify > Power Commands > Power Edit Command AMPOWEREDIT Select objects: Select the radius at point In the Fillet Radius dialog box, specify: Input: 10 210 | Chapter 14 Using FEA to Calculate Stress Choose OK Select objects: Press ENTER to cancel the command The radius of the fillet is changed to 10 Recalculating the Stress Before recalculating the stress division of the lever, calculate and display the deformation Restart the FEA routine Toolbutton FEA Menu Content > Calculations > FEA Command AMFEA2D Respond to the prompt as follows: Specify interior point: Specify a point inside the contour In the FEA 2D Calculation dialog box, select material and the thickness as described earlier in this chapter (see steps and on page 4) Choose the deformation button In the FEA 2D - Deformed Mesh dialog box, choose OK Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify base point : Press ENTER to place the deformed mesh in the boundary Recalculating the Stress | 211 Insertion point: To the right of the part, select a suitable location for the table : Press ENTER to return to the dialog box The result looks like this: Recalculate the stress division of the lever Choose the isolines (iso-areas) button In the FEA 2D Isolines (Iso-areas) dialog box, choose the Graphic Representation button on the right, and choose OK Respond to the prompts as follows: Specify base point : Press ENTER to place the iso-areas in the boundary Insertion point: To the left of the part, select a suitable location for the table : Press ENTER to return to the dialog box The final result looks like this: 212 | Chapter 14 Using FEA to Calculate Stress Recalculating the Stress | 213 214 Index A C acceleration 104, 107 angular dimensioning 41 annotations 34, 43 associative detail 87 automatic dimensioning 36, 38 calculate results 207 calculation result block .122 cam 104 cam configuration .106 cam geometry 111 cam plate calculations .106 cam plates and cylindrical cams 105 centerline .34 chain 184 chamfer .126, 131 change representation 173 C-line 14, 150 C-line options 19 collect balloon .79 compression spring .188, 190 construction geometry 14 construction lines 14, 17, 150 contour 21 copy objects 58 countersink 150 countersunk 161, 164 B background 150, 156 balloon 62, 67 base layer 6, 50, 86 base layer group 100 baseline dimension 34 bearing calculation 126, 127 belleville spring washer 188 bill of material 62 blind hole 156 BOM attribute 62 BOM database 65 215 cross-hatching 26 current layer 59 curve path 104, 111 cylindrical pins 171 cylindrical shaft section 129 fit description 42 fit name 34 fixed support .116, 121, 140, 143, 202 D gear 126, 140 geometric tolerance .34 graphic representation .207 datum identifier 34, 44 define border conditions 204 deflection 147 deflection line 116, 119, 120, 140 deflection moment 116, 140 deformation 211 delete solution 210 detail 14, 29, 86, 90 dimensioning tools 36 direction of the loads 118 distance snap 14 distributed force 116, 202 drawing 86 drawing border 34, 46 drawing limits 10 drawing mode 86 drawing title 34 dynamic calculation 126 dynamic dragging 126, 150, 188 dynamic stress 195 E edit balloon 72 edit part list 72 edit part reference 65 editing dimensions 39 effective loads 144 exact match 192 extension spring 188 F FEA 202, 203 FEA calculation 204 feature control frame 44, 45 feature control frame symbol 34 feature identifier symbol 34 fillet 23, 126, 131 filters 81 fit 34 216 | Index G H hiding c-lines .172 I initial spring length .193 inserting a pin 171 L layer group 6, 50, 86 layer groups 53 layout 86, 87 library 14, 178 load 116, 121, 140, 202, 205 M material .120 mechanical options merge 75 model space 87 moment of inertia 116, 117, 140, 202 movable line support 205 movable support 121 move to another group 55 move to another layer 52 movement diagram .104 movement sections 104, 108 multi edit 34, 41 multiple balloon 67 N NC data .104, 112 O optimization 180 optimize chain length 180 P part layers 6, 50 part reference 62, 64 parts list 62, 71 perform calculations 204 point force 116, 140 point load 145 Power Commands 14, 39, 150 Power Copy 150, 157, 188, 197 Power Dimensioning 14, 27, 34, 86, 95 Power Edit 150, 164, 188, 198, 202, 210 Power Erase 35, 39, 76, 150, 168 Power Pack Power Recall 150, 158 power snap settings 127 Power View 150, 166 precalculation 161 projecting edges 24 R radius reflection line 126 recalculate stress representation 209 recalculating stress division 211 refined mesh 209 representation 150 resolution 104 S scale area 86, 88 scale monitor 86 screw assembly grip representation 155 screw connection 152 screw diameter estimation 161 Selection Set 60 set value 73 shaft break 126, 132 shaft calculation 141, 142 shaft contour 141 shaft generator 126, 127, 141 shaft generator configuration 128 shaft section 134 side view 166 side view of the shaft 133 simplified representation 173 snap settings 16 sort parts list 80 specifying material 143 spline profile .130 split 75 spring 189 spring layout .192 spring representation 196 standard parts 151 standard parts library 174 starting layer step width 104 stress 140, 202 support forces 208 supports .121, 205 surface texture symbol 35, 43 symbolic 174 T template .6, 7, 10 thread 134 title block 35, 47 tolerance 35 top view .166 torque 146 torsion moment 146 torsion spring 188 transition .108 translation 180 U uniform load 121 user through hole 93 V velocity 104, 107 velocity and acceleration calculation 110 view scale 86 viewport 86, 87, 91 viewport auto create 89 visibility enhancement 58 W working layer 6, 50, 86 Index | 217 [...]... template Getting Started | 7 Setting Up the Starting Layer Each time you start AutoCAD Mechanical, layer 0 is active Since layer 0 does not belong to the Mechanical layers, it is not displayed in the Layer Control dialog box of AutoCAD Mechanical, if you select Mechanical Layer in the Show field Therefore, you need to specify the mechanical layer AM_0 as the default starting layer 1 Start the Layer Control... The toolbar shows that the active layer is AM_0 8 | Chapter 1 Working with Templates Setting the Mechanical Options In the Mechanical Options dialog box, you can specify general settings for AutoCAD Mechanical 1 Start the Mechanical Options command Menu Assist > Mechanical Options Command AMCONFIG 2 In the Mechanical Options dialog box, choose the General tab, and specify: Standard: ISO Measurement:... you specify your template as the default template 4 Start the Mechanical Options command Using a Template | 11 Menu Assist > Mechanical Options Command AMCONFIG 5 In the Mechanical Options dialog box, choose the General tab, choose Browse, and select my_own_template 6 Choose OK Now, the my_own_template file will be used when you start AutoCAD Mechanical 12 | Chapter 1 Working with Templates Extending... currently working 6 | Chapter 1 Working with Templates Working with Templates Getting Started In AutoCAD Mechanical, you can use templates (*.dwt files) to create drawings You can use the predefined templates, which contain settings for various drawings, such as acad.dwt or acadiso.dwt, and are supplied with AutoCAD Mechanical or you can create your own templates Any drawing can serve as a template When you... Specify diameter : Enter 18 Getting Started | 3 4 Working with Templates In This Chapter In this tutorial, you learn about the AutoCAD Mechanical predefined templates and how to create your own user-defined templates 1 „ Setting up the starting layer „ Setting the mechanical options „ Specifying the drawing limits „ Saving a template „ Using a template 5 Key Terms Term Definition base layer A layer... drawing limits • snap, grid, and ortho settings • layer organization • title blocks, borders, and logos • dimension and text styles • linetypes and lineweights If you start a drawing from scratch, AutoCAD Mechanical reads the system defaults, which have a predefined standard, from the registry If you create a new drawing, based on an existing template, and make changes to the drawing, those changes... Window Menu View > Zoom > Window Command ZOOM Getting Started | 15 5 Zoom in to the part of the drawing shown in the following figure Preliminary Settings: Snap Configuration In addition to the AutoCAD snap, Mechanical snap options, like arc radial, arc tangent, and so forth are available You also have four different snap settings, which can be configured separately for a quick switch to a different... prompts as follows: Select XLINE, RAY or LINE: Select line b Distance(xx|xx|xx ) or Insertion point: Enter 4.5|9.5 Side to offset: Specify a point below line b 8 Press ENTER Creating additional C-Lines AutoCAD Mechanical offers a choice of C-line options 1 Activate snap setting 2 Toolbutton Power Snap Settings 2 Menu Assist > Draft Settings > Power Snap Settings 2 Command AMPSNAP2 2 Start the Draw C-Lines... Extents Menu View > Zoom > Extents Command ZOOM The contour is complete and looks like this: Creating a Contour and Trimming Projecting Edges | 25 Cross-Hatching the Lever Cross-hatching is easy with AutoCAD Mechanical Just choose one of the predefined cross-hatching styles, and click a point within the contour to be hatched 1 Start the Hatch command, using an angle of 45 degrees and 2.5 mm / 0.1 inch... Metric Scale: 1:1 3 Choose OK NOTE When you change the settings in the Standard field, all standard-related settings are changed (Dimensioning, BOM, Symbols, …) and saved in the template file Setting the Mechanical Options | 9 Specifying the Drawing Limits Now, specify the drawing limits according to size A0 (841 x 1189 mm) This limits your drawing space to the specified size 1 Start the Drawing Limits ... Learning how to use AutoCAD Mechanical „ Prerequisites 2000 for all your mechanical design needs is „ How the tutorials are organized „ Methods for accessing AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 commands „ Styles... Auto-Architect, AutoCAD Architectural Desktop, AutoCAD Architectural Desktop Learning Assistance, AutoCAD Learning Assistance, AutoCAD LT Learning Assistance, AutoCAD Simulator, AutoCAD SQL Extension, AutoCAD. .. exciting This book contains a series of tutorials to teach you how to use AutoCAD Mechanical 2000 The tutorials provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanical design process as well Drawing