textile student workbook

Name: Grade: Emerald State High School 2010 1) Lights and fans not switched on 2) Windows are closed 3) Electrical cords on the floor - loose 4) Students being too loud 5) Sewing too fast 6) A cluttered walkway 7) Pins/needles on the floor 8) Water bottles near the machine 9) Fire extinguisher 10) Exits are blocked or locked 11) Iron not in an upright position or left on when not in use 12) Overloaded power point 13) Fabric rolls stacked randomly 14) Frayed electrical cord 15) Walking inappropriately through the room with sharp objects 16) Running in the room 17) Talking when others are talking 18) Posture at the machine and placement of the machine 19) Not following directions 20) Not watching what you’re doing at the machine Design a poster depicting the hazards that could occur in a sewing room List what should and should not happen This poster should be simple, eye catching and easy to read Safety first activity In this activity you will think about tools, equipment and machines, and how to use them safely A tool is something that you use such as pins, needles, scissors An example of a piece of equipment is the iron A machine is something that takes electricity and has parts that move independently Anything that carries the risk of injury is an HAZARD It can cause harm to people around it or to people using it EXPLAIN how and why you should operate in a safe way when using the tools and pieces of equipment found in a sewing room _ _ _ _ _ DISCUSS the statement: Accidents can be prevented if you become aware of a hazardous situation _ _ _ _ _ CLUES: What does hazardous mean? What can happen when too many students crowd around in one place? What can happen when students run in the classroom? What could happen if you turn away from your work, especially when you’re using a sewing machine or piece of equipment? What could happen if you try to work too quickly? What could happen if you don’t follow instructions, especially when dealing with tools, equipment and machines? Safety in the sewing room For each of the sentences fill in the missing words from the list below  Do not or slide in the room  Handle scissors and other objects with care  Avoid cords on all electrical appliances  Do not put _ into the cord  Keep cords well away from _ objects and never cut the cord  If any kind of accident occurs, not attempt to touch anything concerned with the accident-tell _ first  Make sure the plug/s on the machine is/are fully plugged in before switching _  Do not operate any electrical outlets or switches with wet  When machining, guide material from the not place in front of the pressure foot  Attend to your _ work during lessons  Give _ machine needles to your teacher and get a replacement needle  Be sure _ is switched before disconnecting the iron or sewing machine  Switch off the machine when _  To remove the -grasp the plug firmly; not pull it out by the cord  off the iron when finished and pull out the plug  After use, empty water from the iron to avoid scalding  Students must at all times be wearing closed in when working in the sewing room  AFTER YOU LESSON ALWAYS LEAVE THE ROOM NEAT AND FOR THE NEXT CLASS Shoes, teacher, plug, trailing, pins, sides, carefully, finished, fingers, on, off, run, hands, broken, sharp, sharp, tidy, , power, switch, own 10 Upper tension regulator 11 Thread take -up 12 14 Thread guide Spool pin Balance wheel Bobbin winder Stitch width regulator 13 Stitch length regulator Power switch Foot control Bobbin case/bobbin Feed dogs 15 Throat plate Presser foot 16 MACHINE PART FUNCTION Power switch Presser foot Presser foot lever Throat plate Feed dogs Needle Thread take up Upper tension regulator Thread guide 10.Spool pin 11.Bobbin winder 12.Balance wheel 13.Stitch length regulator 14.Stitch width regulator 15.Bobbin case/bobbin 16.Presser foot control Parts and use of a sewing machine Let’s Identify Machine Parts Word Puzzle Machine Part What it Does Holds the reel of cotton Guides the thread from cotton reel to the needle Takes up the excess thread and locks the stitch Regulates the amount of thread used Controls the movement of the thread take-up lever Holds the needle in place Mechanism for filling the bobbin on Regulates the length of the stitch Alters the width of the stitch 10 Prevents the needle from moving 11 Switches on light 12 Carries the fabric as it is being sewn 13 Holds the fabric while it is being sewn 14 Raises and lowers the presser foot 15 Pushes and pulls the thread through the fabric 16 Cuts the thread Terms used to describe parts of the sewing machine Head - The complete sewing machine without cabinet or carry case Bed - The flat surface of the sewing machine A flat bed machine has one level to sew on A free-arm bed has a removable U-shaped part of the bed to reveal an arm or tub used for sewing hard-to-reach areas like a pant cuff or sleeve Hand wheel - the wheel located on the right side of the sewing machine This wheel is driven by the motor, but may be turned by hand to adjust needle height Bobbin Winder - Mechanism used to wind bobbins Bobbin - Low spool that provides the lower thread Thread take-up - Arm that pulls up slack in thread Thread guide - Device which carries thread to a certain location Upper tension - Mechanism which controls delivery of upper thread Lower tension - Provided by the bobbin case, controls delivery of the bottom thread Bobbin Case - Device which hold the bobbin and provides tension to the lower thread Pressure Foot - Foot that presses down on fabric to stabilize its movement Feed Dog - Mechanism which controls motion of the fabric Needle Plate - Plate under pressure foot with slots to allow feed dog to reach fabric and opening for the needle to move up and down Hook - Device which picks the thread off of the needle Feed drop - Adjustment used to take the feed dog out of play for free hand work Stitch length - Adjustment used to determine length from front to back of the stitch Stitch width - Adjustment which allows a variety of widths from side to side Machine skills STEPS FOR BECOMING A SUPER SEWER! Learning how to use the sewing machine to gain a satisfactory skill level is an important aspect in sewing, in this lesson you will learn:  The parts of the sewing machine and their functions  How to thread the machine  How to sew straight and curved lines  How to set the machine to a variety of stitches  Show you can control and use a threaded sewing machine well  Show how to act responsibly within the sewing environment You will not move onto further activities until you are competent with the above tasks Design  Design your own sewing sampler using a square piece of material  You must be able to demonstrate the following techniques: • Sew straight and curved lines • Reverse stitch • Turn corners • Sew a variety of stitches by changing the machine stitch settings • Follow the guides on the presser foot plate to sew a straight line Evaluate your sampler Was it easy to accomplish the finished product? _ _ Did it help you to learn the different techniques? _ _ Would you be able to perform these techniques successfully on a different product, what item could you make with these newly formed techniques? _ _ What about an astronauts spacesuit? Can you identify all of the different attributes a designer had to consider before proceeding with production? NOTES _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ NOTES _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Experiments for understanding of fibre/fabric characteristics Worksheet The following tests provide a comparison of fibres in terms of their properties Glues in a sample of the fabric to begin Hypothesise (what you believe) about the physical properties of the fabric samples, and their influences on the clothing, textile industry? Name what garments would be best suited to these fabrics and give reasons for your answers in regards to their characteristics: Strength, drape, abrasion, wind resistance etc: List the names of these fabrics/fibres: Fabric Fabric Fabric What you think? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Moisture absorbency Fabric Volume of water before wet Volume of water after wetting Percentage absorbed 100 gm/100ml 100 gm/100ml 100 gm/100ml Which fabric is more absorbent? _ How would you relate absorbency to comfort? _ Water retained (do this for all fabric samples) Using a set of scales and two (2) bowls: Place a wet sample of fabric in the bowl and record the weight Using the second bowl, squeeze the fabric sample of all excess water and record the weight Calculate the amount of water retained Name of fabric Wet weight Wet weight after squeezing Percentage retained Which fabric retains the most water? _ _ In what circumstance would this create a problem? _ _ Drape (limpness) Cut a 20 cm square of fabric and using an upturned jar and an overhead projector lamp: Measure with a ruler, the amount of shadow cast by the fabric and record your results Name of fabric Width of shadow Rating 1-5 most to least drape of fabric What kinds of garments or textiles require more drape? _ _ Crease resistance Observe what happens after you hold some scrunched up fabric in your hand for 15 seconds Does it recover? Are some creases visible? Is it very creased? Name of fabric Rating a, b or c Rate the fabric from worst to best recovery What garments or textiles is this characteristic important for? _ _ _ Developing static electricity Taking your fabric sample rub vigorously over a pen, and then try to pick up the small pieces paper Name of fabric Amount of static Eg: no result Rating from most to least static electricity ( 1/5) Which fabric sample created the most static electricity? _ Which fabric will attract the most dust, and therefore need to be washed more? _ Which fabric wouldn’t you wear on a windy day? Abrasion resistance Using a rock and a tray, rub the stone in one direction and observe the surface of the fabric Name of fabric Observation of fabric changes Rating from least to most affected Which fabric would be best suited for extreme sport? What types of clothing or textiles would this fabric be used for? _ _ What area of a garment receives the most wear? Wind resistant fabric Wrap hand in the fabric sample and hold it in front of a fan Name of fabric Rating of resistance Which fabric would we use for winter? What fabric is best suited for a hot climate? List some items you would make out of these fabrics and why _ _ _ _ Burn test observations Write down your observations below, eg: • Colour of smoke • Odour , what does it smell like eg: burning hair • Residue left behind eg: does it become ash? • Speed at which the fabric burned Colour Odour Residue Speed Which fabric was the most flammable? _ Which fabric was the least flammable? _ Do natural fabrics behave differently to synthetic or man-made fabrics? If yes, in what way? FIBER IDENTIFICATION Results of the burn test are listed on the following identification charts NATURAL FIBRES (ANIMAL) Fibre Wool Silk Smell Ember and Flame Burning Hair Small flickering flame, brittle ash, no smouldering (will not burn after flame is removed) Burning Feathers Calm flame, no smouldering (Will not burn after flame is removed) Black beads, crushable NATURAL FIBRES (VEGETABLES) Fibre Smell Ember and Flame Rayon (Synthetic) Burning Wood Rapid burning flame, slow burning embers, no ash, no bead Cotton Burning Paper Flame amber or yellow, slow burning; fluffy greyish ash SYNTHETIC FIBRES (MAN-MADE) Fibre Smell Ember and Flame Nylon Boiling green vegetables (string beans or celery) Dissolves and forms an effervescent flame; produces a hard, amber-beaded ash Olefin Asphalt Melts and produces a scorching flame; forms a hard tan bead Acrilan (Acrylic) Sharp, pungent, unpleasant odour Polyester Sweetish Hard, black residue Burns quickly Burns rapidly; produces a black, hard, rounded ash Evaluation Unlike your hypothesise at the beginning, use the test results to provide a comparison of fibres in terms of their properties, this time, read through the results carefully and answer the following questions What can you identify about the physical properties of the samples and their influences on the behaviour of clothing? Name what garments or textiles would best suit what fabric and give reasons for your answers using the data from the tests Sample1( _) _ _ _ _ _ _ Sample 2( _) _ _ _ _ _ _ Sample ( ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ON a farm in Wyoming, USA, goats are being milked for their spider webs And if that sounds bizarre, molecular biologist Randy Lewis claims that within two years, spider silk milked from goats could replace your body's tired or strained tendons and ligaments - maybe even bones Professor Lewis and his team at the University of Wyoming have successfully implanted the silk-making genes from a golden orb spider into a herd of goats and are now, finally, producing one of nature's strongest products in useable quantities The technology is cutting edge, but the science isn't Spider silk has been used for centuries to dress wounds with varying degrees of success, but the problem has until now been how to get it They spliced the DNA that creates the silk into a female goat's DNA, and then waited for it to give birth and start lactating "(The splicing) turned out to be relatively easy as there are known gene promoters that only produce expression in the mammary gland during lactation," he said "Those were hooked up to our spider silk genes." After the milk is collected, it's taken back to a laboratory where the silk protein is filtered out It solidifies when exposed to air and is wound onto a roller Prof Lewis said the team collected about four metres of silk for every four drops of protein they gathered The pure material had a wide range of medicinal applications as sutures and binding agents - including ligament replacement - but its use could extend well beyond our hospitals "If it works, frankly one of the first applications is maybe fishing line," Prof Lewis said "I think we will be testing real world applications in less than two years (but) when they reach market is really beyond my control." One day, the burden could be lifted even from goats Prof Lewis said the technology could have farm applications - he told Science Nation they were developing the same technology for alfalfa ... different objects in your workbook Find between two and four textile items in magazines that show the distinct use of shape and size in their designs Attach them to you workbook Describe how the... _ CLUES: What does hazardous mean? What can happen when too many students crowd around in one place? What can happen when students run in the classroom? What could happen if you turn away from... of fibres used on textile production In the chart below you will see some of them classified, according to their source- that is, where they come from and what they are made of Textile fibres Man-made