Comparisons

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (SO SẠN H CA TÊNH TỈÌ V TRẢN G TỈÌ) I So sạn h bàòn g ( Equal comparison) Khàóng âënh: S1 + BE / V + AS + ADJ /ADV + AS + S2 Ph âënh : S + BE / V NOT SO / AS + ADJ/ ADV + AS+ S Ex: This exercise is as difficult as that one She cooks as well as her mother does He isn’t so/ as intelligent as his brother John doesn’t work so/ as hard as Mary Tim drives as carefully as Peter does  Danh tõ còng cã thĨ ®ỵc dïng ®Ĩ so s¸nh trêng hỵp nµy, nhng nªn nhí tríc so sanh ph¶i ®¶m b¶o r»ng danh tõ ®ã ph¶i cã c¸c tÝnh tõ t¬ng ®¬ng Adjectives heavy, light wide, narrow deep, shallow long, short big, small Nouns weight width depth length size S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun Ex: My house is as high as his My house is the same height as his The same as >< different from  Chó ý, tiÕng Anh (A-E), different than còng cã thĨ ®ỵc dïng nÕu sau chóng lµ mét mƯnh ®Ị hoµn chØnh Tuy nhiªn trêng hỵp nµy kh«ng phỉ biÕn vµ kh«ng ®a vµo c¸c bµi thi ng÷ ph¸p: Ex: His appearance is different from what I have expected .than I have expected.(A-E) Danh tõ còng cã thĨ dïng ®Ĩ so s¸nh b»ng, nhng tríc so s¸nh ph¶i x¸c ®Þnh xem ®ã lµ danh tõ ®Õm ®ỵc hay kh«ng ®Õm ®ỵc, v× ®»ng tríc chóng cã mét sè ®Þnh ng÷ dïng víi lo¹i danh tõ ®ã C«ng thøc: S + V + as + many/much/little/few + noun + as + noun/pronoun Ex: He earns as much money as his father Comparisons II So sạn h hån ( Comparative) Våïi tỉì v trản g tỉì ngàõn (cọ ám tiãút ) ADJ / ADV -ER Ex: tall → taller fast → faster large → larger hard → harder * Chụ : + Khi tinh tỉì cọ ám tiãút táûn cng bàòng phủ ám, cọ ngun ám âi trỉåïc ta phi gáúp âäi phủ ám räưi måïi thãm “ER” Ex: hot hotter thin thinner big bigger fat fatter + Khi tỉì cọ ám tiãút táûn cng bàòng “y” cọ phủ ám âi trỉåïc âäøi “y” thnh “i” räưi thãm “ER”, v táûn cng bàòng “e” thç chè thãm “R” vo sau tỉì âọ Ex: dry drier ; large larger ; wide wider + Khi tinhs tỉì cọ ám tiãút táûn cng bàòng “y”, “le”, “ow”, “er” thç âỉåüc xem l tỉì ngàõn Ex: happy happier ; gentle gentler ; narrow narrower ; clever cleverer * MỘT SỐ DẠNG BẤT QUY TẮC: Good → better well → better Bad → worse badly→ worse * So sánh tính chất / hành động cùa người, vật : + BE/ + ADJ/ ADV ER + THAN S1 S+ BE / V +VADJ / ADV –ER++ THAN + S2 Ex: Nam is taller than his sister He works harder than his friend *So s¸nh h¬n cã thĨ ®ỵc nhÊn m¹nh b»ng c¸ch céng thªm ‘much’ hc ‘far’ S + V + far/ much + Adj/ Adv + er + than + noun/ pronoun eg Today is much hotter than yesterday Với tính từ / trạng từ dài (có từ âm tiết trở lên) MORE + ADJ / ADV Ex: beautiful → more beautiful quickly → more quickly Careful → carefully dangerously → more dangerously * So sánh tính chất / hành động cùa người, vật : + BE/ + ADJ/ADJ ADV + ER + THAN S1 S+ BE / V +VMORE / ADV + THAN + S2 Ex: Jane drives more carefully than Mary (does) Comparisons John is more intelligent than Frank (is) This chair is more comfortable than the other He speaks English more fluently than I -NhÊn m¹nh : S1 + BE/ V + far/ much + Adj/ Adv -er + than + S2 S1 + BE/ V + far/much + more + Adj/Adv + than + S2 eg Hoa’s watch is much/ far more expensive than mine He reads much more rapidly than his brother Harry’s watch is far more expensive than mine He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish *CHÚ Ý :So sánh hơn: S + BE/ V + less Adj/ Adv than + noun/ pronoun eg My TV is less beautiful than yours He drives less carefully than I think III So sạn h nháút ( superlative) Våïi tỉì/ trảng tỉì ngàõn S + BE /V + THE + ADJ/ADV + EST + in ( danh tõ ®Õm ®ỵc sè Ýt) + of ( danh tõ ®Õm ®ỵc sè nhiỊu) Ex: The Nile is the longest river in the world She ran the fastest in this competition Våïi tỉì v trảng tỉì di: S + BE /V +THE MOST + ADJ/ ADV + in ( danh tõ ®Õm ®ỵc sè Ýt) + of ( danh tõ ®Õm ®ỵc sè nhiỊu) Ex: This is the most interesting book He speaks French the most fluently Nga is the most inteligent of all the students *Chụ : Cọ nhỉỵng trỉåìng håüp giäúng dảng so sạnh hån Ex: hot the hottest ; large the largest ; happy the happiest * MỘT SỐ DẠNG BẤT QUY TẮC: Good / well→ the best Bad/ badly → the worst NOTE: Adj /Adv - good/ well - bad/ badly - many/ much Comparisons Comparative better worse more Superlative the best the worst the most - little - far - near less farther further nearer - late later - old older elder the least the farthest(vỊ kho¶ng c¸ch) the furthest( vỊ thêi gian) the nearest(vỊ kho¶ng c¸ch) the next( vỊ thø tù) the latest( vỊ thêi gian) the last( vỊ thø tù) the oldest( vỊ ti t¸c) the eldest( vỊ cÊp bËc h¬n lµ ti t¸c) IV So sạn h kẹp ( Double comparatives) : Cọ loải So sạn h âäưn g tiãún : ( cng ngy cng ., lúc … ) → ch ỉ có chủ từ * Víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n: ADJ/ ADV + ER + AND + ADJ/ ADV + ER Ex: The weather is hotter and hotter Mr Brown drives faster and faster The weather gets warmer and warmer * Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: MORE AND MORE + ADJ/ ADV Mrs White becomes more and more beautiful He speaks more and more quickly Cµng ngµy cµng Ýt , cµng ngµy cµng kÐm : LESS AND LESS + ADJ/ADV eg He is less and less hard-working So sạn h ly tiãún (Cµng th× cµng .) * Víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n: THE + ADJ-ER + S+ V , THE + ADJ-ER + S + V eg The darker it gets, the colder it is * Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: THE MORE + ADJ ., THE MORE ADJ eg The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is The more difficult the lesson is, the harder we try NOTE: NhiỊu hai vÕ kh«ng cïng mét lo¹i tÝnh tõ dµi hay ng¾n nhng cã thĨ sư dơng lÉn víi nhau.( hc vÕ tríc tÝnh tõ, vÕ sau ®éng tõ hc ngỵc l¹i ) eg The more she smiles, the more graceful she is Ex: The fatter they get, the more tired they feel The larger the house is, the more expensive it is The harder we study, the more easily we pass the exam CHÚ Ý : Khi có mơt vế có tính từ so sánh : THE MORE + S + V , THE + ADJ -ER THE MORE + ADJ Ex: The more you study, the smarter you will become The more you learn, the more you forget Comparisons +S+V V So s¸nh ®a béi  T¬ng ®¬ng cÊu tróc tiÕng ViƯt: gÊp rìi, gÊp hai  Kh«ng ®ỵc sư dơng so s¸nh h¬n kÐm mµ sư dơng so s¸nh b»ng, so s¸nh ph¶i x¸c ®Þnh danh tõ lµ ®Õm ®ỵc hay kh«ng ®Õm ®ỵc, v× ®»ng tríc chóng cã many/much / half  Bội số + so sánh Ex: This encyclopedy costs twice as much as the other one Ex:Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year  Ng÷ ph¸p hiƯn ®¹i ngµy nay, ®Ỉc biƯt lµ ng÷ ph¸p Mü cho phÐp dïng so s¸nh h¬n kÐm ®Õn gÊp lÇn trë lªn, nhng ®èi víi gÊp hc 1/2 th× tut ®èi kh«ng C¸c lèi nãi: twice that many/twice that much = gÊp ®«i ngÇn Êy chØ ®ỵc dïng khÈu ng÷, kh«ng ®ỵc dïng ®Ĩ viÕt Ex: We have expected 80 people at that rally, but twice that many showned up (twice as many as that number) VI CÊu tróc No sooner than = Võa míi th× ®·  ChØ dïng cho thêi Qu¸ khø vµ thêi HiƯn t¹i, kh«ng dïng cho thêi T¬ng lai  No sooner ®øng ë ®Çu mét mƯnh ®Ị, theo sau nã lµ mét trỵ ®éng tõ ®¶o lªn tríc chđ ng÷ ®Ĩ nhÊn m¹nh, than ®øng ë ®Çu mƯnh ®Ị cßn l¹i: No sooner + auxiliary + S + V + than + S + V Ex: No sooner had we started out for California than it started to rain (Past) Mét vÝ dơ ë thêi hiƯn t¹i (will ®ỵc lÊy sang dïng cho hiƯn t¹i) Ex: No sooner will he arrive than he want to leave.(Present)  Mét cÊu tróc t¬ng ®¬ng cÊu tróc nµy: No sooner than = Hardly/Scarely when Ex: Scarely had they felt in love each other when they got maried Lu ý: No longer = not anymore = kh«ng n÷a, dïng theo cÊu tróc: S + no longer + Positive Verb VII Nh÷ng c¸ch nãi kh¸c cã tÝnh c¸ch so s¸nh a Other than : kh¸c I want to read other novels than these b Rather than: h¬n lµ We want to be poor rather than rich c Had better: nªn You’d better stay at home than go fishing d Had rather hc Would rather: thÝch h¬n We’d rather watch a film than read a book Danh tõ còng cã thĨ ®ỵc dïng so s¸nh: S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + noun +as + noun/ pronoun hc S + V + more/ fewer/ less + noun + than + noun/ pronoun eg He earns as much money as his brother I have more books than she does Comparisons EXERCISES: EXERCISE 1: Completes the following sentences with comparatives or superlatives Use the words in brackets and add any other necessary words Sometimes I feel all of my friends are ( intelligent)……………… I am, and yet, sometimes they tell me that they think I am ( smart)…………… person … the class Mercury is ( close)……………… planet to the sun It moves around the sun ( fast)……………any other planet in the solar system One of ( popular) ………… ….holidays……………Vietnam is New Year’s In terms of area, (large) ………………… state……… United states is Alaska, but it has one of ( small) ………………… populations………….all the states Nothing is ( important)…………………….good health Certainly, gaining health is much ( important)………………… ……enjoying good health You can trust her You will never meet a ( honest)………………….person………she is Both Bangkok and Venice are famous for their waterways, but Bangkok has ( extensive) ……………………….canals…………….Venice has I feel ( safe)…………… …in a plane …………I in a car My friend has studied many languages He thinks Japanese is (difficult)……………… all the languages he has studied 10 One of ( bad)……… nuclear accidents…… the world occurred at Chernobyl in 1986 11 Jakarta is ( large)…………………… city in Indonesia 12 Mountain climbing takes ( strength)……………………….walking on a level path 13 The (short)………………… ….distance between two points is straight line 14 Cheese usually tastes ( good)……….…… at room temperature than it does just after you take it out of the refrigerator 15 I think learning a second language is ( hard)……………learning chemistry or mathematics Exercise 2: Choose the best answer Her illness is……… serious than we first thought A much more B much C more much D much much It is… today than it was yesterday A warm B more warm C warmer D more warmer You are driving too fast Can you drive…………? A a bit slowly B a bit more slowly C slowly a bit D slowlier Mary is one of………girls in our class A the most intelligent B the more intelligent C most intelligent D more intelligent Tom is………….of the brothers A older B oldest C old D elder Is this ……….pen you’ve got A the cheap B the cheapest C cheapest D cheaper My job is boring I’d like to something………………… A interesting B most interesting C more interesting D intersrestingly Mercedes is ………car of all A the most expensive B the more expensive C more expensive D the expensive Comparisons Your hair has……….colour as mine A the same B different C as same D as different 10 Do it as……… as you can A good B well C better D very good 11 Tom and Peter are the same height A Tom is as tall as Peter B Tom isn’t as tall as Peter C Tom and Peter are very tall 12 The air in the big city is more polluted than it is in the countryside A The air in the countryside is fresh and clean B The air both in the countryside and in the city are polluted C The air in a big city isn’t as fresh and clean as the air in the countryside 14 Living in a dormitory isn’t as comfortable as living at home A It’s more comfortable to live in a dormitory than at home B It’s more comfortable to live at home than in a dormitory C Living at home is less comfortable than living in s dormitory 15 Some school subjects interest me, but others don’t A Some school subjects are as interesting as others B Some school subjects aren’t as interesting as others C All school subjects interest me 16 I think that no city is more beautiful than Paris A I think Paris is the most beautiful city in the world B I think Paris is as beautiful as other cities in the world C I think Paris is less beautiful than other cities in the world 17 Can you understand words more easily than gestured? A Do you find it difficult to understand gesture? B Is it easy for you to understand gesture than words? C Are you better at understanding words than gestures? 18 Home computers used to be much more expensive A Home computers are more expensive than they used to be B Home computers are much more expensive than they used to be C home computers aren’t as expensive as they used to be 19.That’s the best meal I’ve ever eaten A I’ve never eaten a good meal B I’ve never eaten a better meal C I’ve never eaten the best meal 20 Sue don’t know as much as Italian than I A Sue knows more Italian than I B Sue knows as much Italian than I C Sue knows as much Italian as I do, EXERCISE II: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences He studies his two brothers a much better than b more better than c more good than d very better than The worker was his boss expected, so he was offered a raise a more hard-working b as hard-working than c more hard - working than d more hard - working as you study for the exams, you will it a The harder / the better b The more / the much c The harder / the much d The more hard / the more good My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that it is at night he plays his music! Comparisons a the less / the more loud b the less/ less c the more / the more loudlier d the later/ the louder Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become a more and more good b better and better c the more and more good d the more hard / the more good The Sear Tower is building in Chicago a taller b the more tall c the tallest d taller and taller Petrol is it used to a twice as expensive as b twice expensive more than c twice more than expensive d more expensive than twice Peter is John a younger and more intelligent than b more young and intelligent than c more intelligent and younger than d the more intelligent and younger than San Diego is town in Southern in California a more nice and nice b the nicer c the nicest d nicer and nicer 10 It gets when the winter is coming a cold and cold b the coldest and coldest c colder and colder d more and more cold 11 Robert does not have Peter does a money more than b as many money as c more money as d as much money as 12 The Mekong Delta is deltas in Vietnam a the largest of the two b the more larger of the two c one of the largest d one of the larger 13 As she did so, her parents became a the angriest b the most angry c the more angry d angrier and angrier 14 People should eat and to reduce the risk of heart disease a less fat / more exercise b less and less fat / the more exercise c the less fat / the more exercise d fatter/ more exercise 15 He spent a year in India and loves spicy food the food is, he likes it a The hotter / the more and more b The hotter / the more c The more and more hot / the more d The hottest / the most 16 Of course you can come to the party, a the more and merrier b the more and the merrier c the more and merrier d the more and more merrier 17 I feel I did yesterday a much more tired than b many more tired than c as many tired as d as more tired as 18 She is a spectator a more an athlete than b more of an athlete than c an athlete more than d an athlete of more than 19 His house is mine a twice as big as b as twice big as c as two times big as d as big as twice 20 It gets to understand what professor has explained a the more difficult b more difficult than c difficult more and more d more and more difficult 21 You must drive slower in built up areas you drive in the city, it is that you will have an accident Comparisons a The faster and faster/ the more b The faster/ the more probable c The more and more fast / the more and more probable d The more fastly/ the probable 22 He finds Physics other science subjects a far more difficult than b many more difficult than c too much more difficult than d more much difficult than 23 he drank, he became a More/ more violent b The most / the most violent c The more/ the more violent d The less / less violent 24 Mary was of the two sisters a the clever b as clever as c the cleverer d the cleverest 25 French is a language to learn than English is a difficult b more difficult c most difficult d more and more difficult 26 The cuisine of France is a more famous than that of England b famous than the cuisine of England c more famous than which of England d as famous than that of England 27 Earning has always been the thing that pleases him most he becomes, he is a The more rich / the more happy b The richest / the happiest c The richer / the happier d Richer and richer / happier and happier 28 The fast we finish, a the sooner we can leave b we can leave sooner and sooner c the sooner can we leave d we can leave the sooner 29 Of all athletes, Alex is a the less qualified b the less and less qualified c the more and more qualified d the least qualified 30 The climber was seventy miles in the wrong direction and got a more panicked b the more panicked c more than panicked d more and more panicked 31 The more you pull on it, it gets a the tightest b the tighter c the more tightest d the most tightest 32 Flower oils are of the ingredients used in making perfume a among expensive b being most expensive c among the most expensive d expensive 33 John doesn’t work his brother a as hard as b as hardly as c more hardly than d hardlier than 34 live in Ho Chi Minh city than in the whole of the rest of the country a As much as people b More people c As many as people d People more 35.The more money peter makes, the more his wife spends a.Peter spends more money than his wife b.Peter and his wife both make money c.Peter spends the money his wife makes d.Peter’s wife keeps spending their money 36.The exam was much easier than he had expected a The exam was much easier that he finished it all b He did not find the exam as difficult as he had thought c It’s possible for him to perform well on the exam d He had expected that the exam was easy 37.Peter drives more carefully than Tom a.Peter is a more careless driver than Tom b.Tom doesn’t drive as carefully as Peter c.Peter isn’t a more careful driver than Tom d.Tom driver less careful than Peter Comparisons 38.The book interested me more than the film a I thought the book was more interesting than the film b In my opinion the film was not as interesred as the book c I thought the book didn’t interest me as the film d In my opinion the film bored me than the book 39 The South of England is drier tha the north a There is not as much rain in the south of England as in the north b There is not as dry in the north of England as in the south c There is not so dry in the south of England as in the north d There are more than in the north of England as in the south 40 They understand more than we A We don’t understand as much as they B We don’t understand anything at all C They understand everything inside out D They are very intelligent 41 It is much more difficult to speak English than to speak French A To speak French is more difficult than to speak English B To speak English is more difficult than to speak French C Speaking English is more difficult than to speak French D Speaking French is not as difficult as to speaking English 42 My interview lasted longer than yours A Your interview wasn’t as short as mine B Y o ur interview was shorter than mine C Your interview was as long as mine D Y our interview was longer than mine 43 When I was younger, I used to go climbing more than I now A Now I don’t go climbing anymore B I used to go climbing when I younger C Now I don’t go climbing as much as I did D I don’t like going climbing any more 44 Your coffee is not as good as mine A Mine is better than yours C My coffee is better than yours B My coffee is better than your D My coffee is more good than yours 45 I can't cook as well as my mother does A My mother can cook better than I can B My mother can't cook better than I can C mother can cook well than I can D I can cook better than my mother can 46 Murder is the most serious of all crimes A Murder is very serious C Everyone is very afraid of murder B No crime is more serious than murder D Murder is the dangerous crime 47 No one in this class is as tall as Richard A Richard is the tallest in this class C Richard is the most tall in this class B Richard is taller than in this class D Richard is more tall than in this class 49 This is the best music I have ever heard A I’ve never heard better music than this B I’ve never heard such a good music as this C I’ve never heard so good music as this D This is the first time I’ve heard this good music 50 This is the most interesting novel I’ve ever read Comparisons 10 A B C D Knowing that the novel will be interesting, I read it If only I had known the novel was so interesting, I’d have read it earlier I don’t think it is the most interesting novel I have never read a more interesting novel than this Comparisons 11 [...]... be interesting, I read it If only I had known the novel was so interesting, I’d have read it earlier I don’t think it is the most interesting novel I have never read a more interesting novel than this Comparisons 11 ... ER + THAN S1 S+ BE / V +VMORE / ADV + THAN + S2 Ex: Jane drives more carefully than Mary (does) Comparisons John is more intelligent than Frank (is) This chair is more comfortable than the other... Good / well→ the best Bad/ badly → the worst NOTE: Adj /Adv - good/ well - bad/ badly - many/ much Comparisons Comparative better worse more Superlative the best the worst the most - little - far... ADJ Ex: The more you study, the smarter you will become The more you learn, the more you forget Comparisons +S+V V So s¸nh ®a béi  T¬ng ®¬ng cÊu tróc tiÕng ViƯt: gÊp rìi, gÊp hai  Kh«ng ®ỵc