Chuyên đề reading FCE

They are presented in the same order as the information in the text so that candidates can follow the development of the text as they work through the questions.. If the answer you choos

STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES

FOR FCE READING

A. STRATEGIES 3

Strategies for part 1 4 Strategies for part 2 4 Strategies for part 3 5

B. TECHNIQUES 6

Techniques for part 1 6 Techniques for part 2 7 Techniques for part 3 8

III. EXERCISES………9

IV. REFLEXION ……….76

V. CONCLUSION……… 80

VI. REFERENCES ………81

STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES FOR FCE READING

The First Certificate in English (FCE) is a B2 level exam for those individuals at an

upper-intermediate proficiency in English The First Certificate in English is the most commonly takenexam of all ESOL tests and is available in computer and paper version Many students take thisexam because it conveys a high mastery of English needed to work in a business and educationalenvironment The test consists of four parts: listening, reading, writing and speaking Among thoseparts, reading is an important one because it accounts for 20% of the total mark of the test

Doing reading tests not only helps students to gain more new words and sentence structuresbut they also acquire more grammar points Therefore, if students can master the reading part, thechance for them to pass the test will be higher Because of those reasons, FCE reading is chosen to

be the topic of this self-study material to help us in self-studying as well as to share with otherstudents so that we can score high marks in the FCE examination

Although word recognition, decoding, and fluency are building blocks of effective reading,the ability to comprehend text is the ultimate goal of reading instruction Comprehension is aprerequisite for acquiring content knowledge and expressing ideas and opinions through discussionand writing

Mastering comprehension helps readers to:

- Evaluate events, dialogue, ideas, and information

- Connect information to what they already know and broaden their knowledge

- Have the ability to understand underlying meanings

Comprehension strategies work together like a finely tuned machine The reader begins toconstruct meaning by selecting and previewing the text During reading, comprehension buildsthrough predicting, inferring, synthesizing, and seeking answers to questions that arise Afterreading, deeper meaning is constructed through reviewing, rereading portions of the text,discussion, and thoughtful reflection

Comprehension is powerful because the ability to construct meaning comes from the mind

of the reader Therefore, specific comprehension instruction - modeling during read-aloudandshared reading, targeted mini-lessons, and varied opportunities for practice during small-group andindependent reading-is crucial to the development of strategic, effective readers

A STRATEGIES

To prepare for the reading part in the FCE test, students should read as widely as possible.Reading can include a range of reading texts from course books and reading-skills books at thislevel Students should interact fully with each text by focusing on any pre-reading questions Thesestimulate interest in the topic dealt with by the text and train students in prediction techniques.Where possible, students can follow upon their hobbies and interests by reading magazines aboutsport, computers, fashion, etc in English If these magazines are not readily available locally, theycan probably be accessed on the Internet It is important to make sure that students trainthemselves to read the instructions carefully on the front page of the question paper and at the start

of each task The instructions give a brief context for each text and remind students what the taskrequires them to do

The structure and tasks of the test

PART 1

Task type: Multiple-choice

Focus: detail, opinion, gist, deducing meaning

Format:multiple-choice questionsfollowed by four options

Number of questions: 8

Length: 550-700 words

Each correct answer receives 2 marks

The text is usually extracts from newspaper and magazine articles, reports, fiction, advertisements correspondence, messages, informational material (brochures, guides, manuals, etc.)

PART 2

Task type:Gapped text

Focus:text structure,cohesion and coherence

Format:a text from which paragraphs or sentences have been removed and placed in

jumbled order after the text.Students must decide from where in the text the sentences have been removed

Number of questions: 7

Length: 550-700 words

Each correct answer receives 2 marks

The text is usually extracts from newspaper and magazine articles, reports, fiction, advertisements correspondence, messages, informational material (brochures, guides, manuals, etc.)

PART 3

Task type:Multiple matching, multiple-choice

Focus:specific information, detail

Format: a text or several short texts preceded by multiple matching questions

Students must match prompts to elements in the text

Number of questions:15

Length: 550-700 words

Each correct answer receives 1 marks

The text is usually extracts from newspaper and magazine articles, reports, fiction, advertisementscorrespondence, messages, informational material (brochures, guides, manuals, etc.)

S TRATEGIES FOR PART 1

This part tests candidates’ detailed understanding of a text, including the opinions and attitudes expressed in it.The multiple-choice questions appear after the text They are presented in the same order as the information in the text so that candidates can follow the development of the text as they work through the questions The final question may require candidates to interpret an aspect of the whole text, e.g the writer’s purpose, attitude or opinion.

1. Firstly, make sure that you understand exactly what each question is asking You should stopand take a moment to think about what you will need to look for in the reading passage.Sometimes it helps to put the question in your own words or circle key words in the passage,

such as not, least, cause, effect, first, last, etc because if youjust read the questions without

really thinking about them or taking a moment to circle themost important words in thequestions, you will probably forget what the questions areasking before you even finishreading the passage

2. Skim the questions or the passage, not the choices or distracters, to identify the focus of thepassage

3. Never choose an answer supported by something in the selection or your own background knowledge

4. If the answer you choose is in the reading passage, make sure that it answers what the

question asks This could be a trick – a choice that has information from the passage but does not answer what is being asked So many times, students think that they are choosing the correct answer just because they read this same sentence in the reading passage Just because

it is in the passage does not mean that it is the correct answer to the question youare trying to answer Therefore you should always go back to the question when you think you have found the answer!

5. A part of an incorrect answer is often correct, but may not be complete enough to be the bestanswer

6. Do not confuse a supporting detail with the main idea Remember that a supporting detail justexplains or gives more information about the topic

7. For main idea questions, always reread the first and last sentences Also, skim through the

reading passage to see how many times each of the answer choices is discussed

8. For vocabulary questions, when you have to choose the correct meaning of a word, , it ishelpful to read the following:

• The sentence that the word is in

• The sentence right before

• The sentence right after

• The area of the passage surrounding the word is called the context Contextcluesare the words, phrases, and sentences that surround the word you do notknow

• Many sentences and paragraphs contain enough information for you to use the clues that the writer has left to figure out the meanings of many words you do not know

NOTE:Mistake you should avoid:‘The same word’ mistake: an eye-catching word appears

both in the question and the text

S TRATEGIES FOR PART 2

This part tests candidates’ understanding of how texts are structuredand their ability to follow text development.The task requires candidates to select from a number ofoptions the correct extract to fit in each of seven gaps ina text There is only onecorrect answer for each gap.

- First predict from the title or headline what the text might be about.Read the paragraphs orsentences that go in the gaps and identify what the topic of each one is Use thisinformation to work out how they might logically fit into the sequence of the text

- Think about what the articles, pronouns, conjunctions and time expressions in theparagraphs or sentences might refer to.This will help them to make the logical choicebetween two extracts which seem rather similar at first sight

- Closely read the sentences before and after each gap, and work out what function themissing sentence or paragraph must have

- Make your decisions, not necessarily in order After filling most of the gaps you may beable to work by a process of elimination

- Finally, when you have made all your decisions, read through your completed text to makesure it makes sense

- Remember that you should not choose an answer on the basis of similar vocabulary alone

The task consists of a series of prompts, followed by a dividedlong text

or series of short texts Students have to choose which part of the text each prompt matches.

Unlike parts 1 and 2, theoptions may be used more than once Sometimes there will betwo or three ‘matches’ for one prompt This will be indicatedwith separate boxes on the same line in the question paper.

Students will need practice in skimming and scanning texts quickly in order to prepare forpart 3 Moreover, students should get into the habit of analyzing why a particular part of the textmatches a prompt

B TECHNIQUES

Along with strategies, techniques are ones of the most important tools for students to do wellthe reading part in the FCE examination Strategies are just plans, but techniques are ways of doing the test While Strategieshelp students know what the requirements of the test are, how manysteps youneed to find the answers for the questions quickly and effectively, techniques introduce students many useful skills and tips.And the most crucial techniques are skim and scan

SKIM AND SCAN

- Skimming refers to the process of reading only main ideas within a passage to get anoverall impression of the content of a reading selection

- How to skim:

• Read the title

• Read the introduction or the first paragraph

• Read any headings and sub-headings

• Notice any pictures, charts, or graphs

• Notice any italicized or boldface words or phrases

• Read the summary or last paragraph

- Scanning is a reading technique to be used when you want to find specific informationquickly In scanning you have a passage only to find the answer, ignoring unrelatedinformation

- How to scan:

• State the specific information you are looking for

• Try to anticipate how the answer will appear and what clues you might use to helpyou locate the answer For example, if you were looking for a certain date, youwould quickly read the paragraph looking only for number

• Use headings and any other aids that will help you identify which sections mightcontain the information you are looking for

• Selectively read and skip through sections of the passage

T ECHNIQUES FOR PART 1

Quickly familiarize yourself with the main text, the title and headingand how the text isdivided up

After that, you should read the question carefully and think of an answer before you look atyour choices Then read the choices to see if your answer is there If so, it is probably right Readthe other answers quickly to be certain If your answer is not one of the choices, then read all thechoices carefully and start to eliminate choices Cross out any answers that are obviously wrong.When you narrow your choices to two, try each answer with the question to see if they both makesense Sometimes you will find a hidden clue, like a subject/verb agreement that gives it away

Prepare to change your first answers, because you may change your mind when you read the text further in search of another piece of information Mark the places in the text where you locate answers so that you can quickly check in the end

NOTES:

- Watch out for negatives in questions

- Look for 'absolute' words (all, nothing, nobody, always, never ) - these mean 100% ofsomething and are rarely true - check if this is really what has been said in the text

- Keep in mind that the information may be rephrased Avoid options that use words fromthe text but convey a different meaning

- Even if you think you know the correct answer, always check

- Do not choose options which sound likely but there is no evidence in the text

- Pace yourself - leave time in the end to go back to any questions you may have

- New words in a text can make you unnecessarily worried Keep your confidence in theexam by concentrating on what you do understand One way to do this is to underline thetext as you read it Go back and think about the meanings of new words, the ones you didnot underline, only when you have finished reading and understanding

- In order to read accurately, you often need to analyze words like this, that, as, howand

pronouns, working out what they refer to Some multiple choice comprehension questionsexplicitly require you to do this

- You can often guess the meaning of unfamiliar words by looking at the context and byusing your own general knowledge This technique is even more effective if you combine

it, where possible, with the technique of breaking words down into parts

- Sometimes you can get a good overall picture just by reading the first few lines of a text.This is because some writers like to give you an idea from the beginning of how the storymight end.

- Very often parts of a text are connected to each other without special linking words like

because or so When this happens, think carefully about the logical connection of the ideas

and try to put your own linking words into the text

- If you have a text about something or someone you already know about, take time to thinkabout what you know before starting to read intensively This will help you to get anoverall picture

- While you are reading, it is often helpful to respond to the text by trying to visualize what itdescribes The mental pictures you create can sometimes help you choose the correctanswers in the exam

- In order to understand the text fully, you need to be able to make logical connections fromone part to another The multiple choice comprehension questions often focus on yourability to do this

T ECHNIQUES FOR PART 2

- First, students should check the example (0) in or after the first paragraph and read theextract for it (always H or I) Then they should decide which extracts fit the other gaps,writing the appropriate letter in each gap They should remember that each letter may only

be used once and that there is one extract that they will not need to use

- Then predict from the title or headline what the text might be about and quickly readthrough the text to confirm this as well as think of what kind of information is missing

- Answer the questions one by one Do not fill in answers to questions you are uncertainabout first Cross out those you are sure about as you do them, and go back to those you areunsure about later

- Student should keep an open mind as they work through this task If they stick too rigidly

to their first choices they may not recognize why they are having difficulty finding Theyshould be willing to review their earlier choices and use checking strategies to reassurethemselves whether the headings fit properly

- Do not just decide which the right answer is Tell yourself why the others are wrong

- While reading, you can make notes on what each paragraph is about (mental summary)

- Try to find key words and underline them Look for such things as:

• Subject pronouns e.g he, she, they…

• Object pronouns e.g him, her…

• Possessives e.g his, her, their…

• People’s names, names of places, time indicators (e.g by that time), referencewords (e.g this/that, these/those)

- Do not be discouraged by unknown vocabulary

- Use highlighting or underlining to mark the relevant sections of the text This will help you

to go back over it to check information without wasting time with irrelevant information

- You can often guess the approximate meaning of new words by “taking them apart” andanalyzing the individual parts Sometimes this is not possible, but you can still guess themeaning by looking at the root of the word You can increase your chances of success bychecking the context aswell

- After you have finished, read the whole text with the missing sentence to check youranswers and see if it makes sense as a whole

T ECHNIQUES FOR PART 3

- This part focuses on reading for specific information Therefore, you should read thequestions carefully so that you know what information you are looking for and underlinekey words

- Read paragraph by paragraph and try to find as many answers as possible after each one

In the end, you will have been left with some ‘spare’ answers and then you can startscanning again

- Remember that the questions are not in the same order as the information in the text, so

do not expect to find answers in order

NOTE:

- When you are doing this part, you are required only to extract particular information Youcan ignore irrelevant information by looking quickly through the text for specific words

or expressions which relate to your reading purpose

- Different techniques suit different students and each can be successful

C TIPS

Besides those strategies and techniques, there are some tips which can help students have more knowledge and experiences in doing the FCE examination

Tip 1: The first thing students should always do is cross out the missing sentence that has been

given as an example because students sometimes waste time trying to fit this in elsewhere

Tip 3: Students should always remember that there is an extra sentence that does not fit anywhere

If they have time, the last thing they should do is check that the part they have left over really doesnot fit in any of the gaps

Tip 4:As well as the referencing and linking devices mentioned in the lesson plan, it can also be

useful for students to look at how the topics change over the length of the text and whether the textfollows a chronological order Students should get into the habit of underlining the language thathelps them complete the task (e.g expressions like 'after that'), and then underline the languagethat it refers/links to (e.g 'the birthday party')

Tip 5: Remember that it is difficult to read a text if you do not first have an overall picture You

may understand little and get into a panic! One way to get an overall picture is to look quickly at the texts for words which occur again and again

Tip 6: New words in a text can make you unnecessarily worried Keep your confidence in the

exam by concentrating on what you do understand You can often ignore some words and guessthe approximate meaning of other words by gathering information about them This will meanreading the whole text first, before trying to work out the meanings

Tip 7: Remember that you must respond to the text in order to read it efficiently When you are reading fiction,

you can do this by trying to “hear” dialogue Sometimes an interactive technique such as asking questions as

you read can help you with the gapped text task If you ask intelligent questions at the numbered gaps, you mayfind that the lettered sentences of paragraphs are intelligent answers.

to be asked, even though working as a care assistant with old people hardly qualified me for therole Still, I duly put the date in my diary and of course I forgot all about it I don’t know if you’venoticed this but time has a habit of speeding along faster than a police car chasing a robber and,before I knew it, the day was dawning

I arrived at the youth centre that morning feeling full of trepidation There was a gang of 12helpers including me and each pair had been allocated a particular age group Mine was the 10 to

11 year olds Even with the planning meeting I had attended the week before, I worried aboutwhether I was up to the task Why hadn’t I read through the copious lesson plans we were givenbeforehand? And wasn’t the average 10-year-old more interested in the latest Play Station gamethan making things with paper and glue?

All too quickly the children began arriving The look of relief on parents’ faces as they handedtheir offspring over to us was quite comical A handful of the children were already members ofthe club but the other forty five or so were from the local primary schools Again I asked myselfwhy I had elected to spend a day with all these ‘little monsters’ especially when I have two all of

my own to contend with!

I needn’t have worried of course as it turned out to be a marvelous day We watched entertainingdvd clips, learned ‘action’ songs, made clay pyramids, decorated biscuits, played memory gamesand spent some time in quiet reflection I say ‘we’ because I rediscovered my inner child andjoined in all the activities

The particular highlight for me was the final rendition of “He’s got the whole world in his hands”

in the closing part of the day The children knew the words and actions off by heart and sang soloudly it was almost enough to bring the roof down It’s difficult to explain those moments; onlythat the body tingles with the pleasure of having witnessed something so magical

Of course there were also moments of great poignancy I found it difficult to stop thinking of onelittle girl, who mentioned oh-so-casually that her mum was in hospital and would be there for along time It’s easy for us adults to idealise childhood and forget that some children have their ownburden of anxieties and concerns When I got home utterly exhausted, still with modelling clayunder my fingernails, I reflected on what a privilege it had been

There was one disappointment for the children and that was that the playscheme was only running for a day, and not the whole week As I said farewell to my group, one of the children turned and

said “Can we do it again in the next holiday, Miss?” My response was, “Sure, why not?”

1 When the offer of the job was made the writer

A. felt she had made a mistake to agree

B. thought she had appropriate experience for the job

C. believed she shouldn't have been asked

D. gave the impression she wasn't sure about accepting the job

2 When the day arrived the writer was surprised

A. that the day had come round so quickly

B. because she'd forgotten to write down the date

C. because she witnessed a car chase on the way

D. that she woke up at dawn

3 When the writer arrived to start her job she

A. put the children into pairs

B. realised she should have done more preparation

C. felt confident she could deal with 10 and 11 year olds

D. saw the children had brought their own electronic games to play with

4 According to the writer, the parents were

A. happy to stay with their children all day

B. worried about children from the other schools

C. nervous that their children might not behave themselves

D. glad to leave their children

5 The writer needn't have worried because

A. the children were quiet during the day

B. the children weren't doing messy activities

C. she had fun herself

D. the time passed quickly

6 The writer's best moment

A. occurred in the middle of the day

B. took her by surprise

C. was hard to put into words

D. was when the day was over

7 According to the writer, adults

A. think that being a child is a privilege

B. sometimes forget that children have worries too

C. are usually exhausted by bringing up their children

D. Do not have a stressful life

8 What is the writer's attitude by the end of the day?

A. She could imagine doing the job again next time

B. She was sad to say good bye to the children

C. She was disappointed with the experience

D. She hopes the playscheme will be longer in future

PART 2 – GAPPED TEXT

By the end of World War Two, the industry of Japan had been completely destroyed Less thantwenty years later, Japan had become the second biggest economy in the world How did they doit? (9)The Japanese took the same manufacturing philosophy which had been used to destroy them

so completely during the war

In the Second World War, the Americans needed to manufacture arms on a massive scale quicklyand safely And they had to achieve zero defects because one faulty bomb could kill hundreds ofAmericans by mistake The US government turned to a mathematician called William EdwardsDeming, to develop the manufacturing model necessary However, as soon as the war was over,

US industries replaced quality as their top priority with maximizing profit (10)But not for long.The phone rang It was Japan and Deming became the man behind of the Japanese Miracle InJapan, Demings ideas turned into Total Quality Management and this is why the five principlesbehind the business model are Japanese words

According to Total Quality Management or TQM, a company has three enemies, called muda,mura and muri Muda means waste, such as overproduction and unnecessary processing Murarefers to uneven levels of production and muri is about overworking your people and yourmachines.Total Quality Management has 6 principles or tenets First is quality itself or Jidoka (11) I think my Spanish internet service provider has never heard of Jidoka

The second principle is Hansei, which means ‘relentless reflection’ Sadly, most employees have

no time to stop and think, all the way from board members to trainees This, according to TQM, isbad business

The most famous principle is that of ‘continuous improvement’ Its name is kaizen and obviously

is the direct result of hansei or relentless reflection Kaizen focuses on eliminating waste Waste isone of the previously mentioned enemies of companies, and is called, in case you don’t remember,muda Let’s consider a real example of kaizen at work (12) In other words, they discontinuedproducts with low sales which had been wasting company resources

When it comes to problem-solving, genchigenbutsu is the answer Genchigenbutsu means ‘go andsee’ (13) Get off your nice office chair, go and see what’s happening with your own eyes and getinvolved directly with the problem Now, when you’ve reached a decision about how to solve aproblem or how to make an improvement, nemawashi Implement your decision rapidly

And now for the most forgotten principle or tenet Heijunka – level out the workload If not, muraand muri will damage your business (14) Don’t overload your production line on Friday and turnoff your machines on Monday afternoons Level out workloads, level out production, level outlogistics

Perhaps the greatest danger to companies is the boss who steals ideas from members of staff.(15)You suggest an idea to your boss and your boss tells you it is unviable but appreciates your input.Three months later your boss uses your idea but doesn’t mention you This is the class of personthat destroys employee creativity and stops company kaizen, the principle that rebuilt Japan

A During the global recession of 2009, companies were eliminating excess inventory

B The answer is very strange

C It is customer satisfaction that makes a company triumph.

D Give your staff longer holidays and your company will perform better

E We have all been victims of this

F As a result, Mr Deming was out of a job

G Don't waste energy shouting into the telephone

PART 3 – MULTIPLE MATCHING

A Sundance by Teresa Wilson

Kerry:

I really don't know why this book is so popular I mean, I suppose it is going to appeal to young girls who want danger and romance, but I found this book really tedious For a start, the characters were really unconvincing The author went out of her way to add lots of details about the characters, but I found these details really pointless I thought that some ofthe facts she presented about the main characters would become significant in some way later in the novel, but they didn't They were just worthless bits of information I also was disappointed that, although this book is meant to be about kids at high school, the writer seems to have no recollection at all about what it's like to be 17 The main character

thought and acted like a 32-year old It just wasn't believable I'm not saying Teresa Wilson

is a bad writer She can obviously string words together and come up with a story that is appealing to a large number of people, but she lacks anything original There is no flair It just uses the same sort of language as you can see in many other mediocre novels

B Wild Ways by Margery Emerson

Liz:

I have to say that I won't forget this book for a long time I was hooked from the very first chapter The devastating story affected me so much that I don't know if I'll ever feel the same again I was close to tears on several occasions I've got images in my brain now that

I don't think will ever leave me It's incredibly well-researched and, although it is fiction, isbased on shocking real-life events I learned an awful lot about things that went on that I never knew before Margaret Emerson has a brilliant way with words and I really felt real empathy towards the characters, although I was sometimes irritated by the choices they made However, the parallel story, the part that is set in the present, is not quite so good I found myself just flicking through that part so that I could get back to 1940s Paris

C Orchid by Henry Rathbone

Imogen:

This is a delightful novel full of wonderful imagery, a paints a remarkable picture of life in

a distant time and a far-away place If you're looking to learn about Eastern culture in great detail, then this is probably not the book for you, as the writer skims over most of the more complicated aspects of the country's etiquette The historical aspects are also not covered in

much depth However, I wonder whether this was the writer's intention By doing this, he symbolise the superficiality of the girl's life She, like the book, is beautiful and eager to please, but remains too distant from us, the readers, to teach us much Although I loved the book and read it in one sitting, the ending was a bit of a disappointment A story which involves so much turmoil, in a place where the future is uncertain, should not have a

happy-ever-after fairy-tale ending

D High Hills by Mary Holland

Hannah:

I read this book for a literature class I know it's a classic, and I did try to like it, but I just didn't get into it I kept persevering, hoping that I'd start to enjoy it, but no such luck The famous scene out on the moors was definitely the best bit of the book, but even that I foundridiculous when it is clearly supposed to be passionate As I approached the end of the book, I figured there must be some kind of moral to the story, something that I would learn from the experience of trudging through seven hundred long pages, but there was nothing worthwhile I don't know why the literary world sees this book as such a masterpiece The characters are portrayed as being intelligent, but they do such stupid things! And as for it

being a love story - marrying someone you don't love and then being abused by them - that

doesn't spell love to me

Which person read a book which

16.was set in an Oriental country

17.finishedin an unrealistic way

18.had characters that the reader could sympathise with

19 is well-known and was written a long time ago

20 was historically accurate

21.made the reader cry

22.contained insignificant details

23.has a well-known scene

24.iswritten for teenagers

25.had unbelievable characters

26.is classed as romantic fiction

27.contains nothing new in the way of writing

28 contained two stories

29 was not set in the past

30 has an attractive but shallow heroine

EXERCISE 2

PART 1 – MULTIPLE CHOICES

A recent survey of crime statistics shows that we are all more likely to be burgled now than 20 years ago and the police advise everyone to take a few simple precautions to protect their homes.The first fact is that burglars and other intruders prefer easy opportunities, like a house which is very obviously empty This is much less of a challenge than an occupied house, and one which is well-protected A burglar will wonder if it is worth the bother

There are some general tips on how to avoid your home becoming another crime statistic Avoid leaving signs that your house is empty When you have to go out, leave at least one light on as well

as a radio or television, and do not leave any curtains wide open The sight of your latest music centre or computer is enough to tempt any burglar

Never leave a spare key in a convenient hiding place The first place a burglar will look is under the doormat or in a flower pot and even somewhere more 'imaginative' could soon be uncovered bythe intruder It is much safer to leave a key with a neighbour you can trust But if your house is in aquiet, desolate area be aware that this will be a burglar's dream, so deter any potential criminal from approaching your house by fitting security lights to the outside of your house

But what could happen if, in spite of the aforementioned precautions, a burglar or intruder has decided to target your home? Windows are usually the first point of entry for many intruders Downstairs windows provide easy access while upstairs windows can be reached with a ladder or

by climbing up the drainpipe Before going to bed you should double-check that all windows and shutters are locked No matter how small your windows may be, it is surprising what a narrow gap

a determined burglar can manage to get through For extra security, fit window locks to the inside

of the window

What about entry via doors? Your back door and patio doors, which are easily forced open, should have top quality security locks fitted Even though this is expensive it will be money well spent Install a burglar alarm if you can afford it as another line of defence against intruders

A sobering fact is that not all intruders have to break and enter into a property Why go to the trouble of breaking in if you can just knock and be invited in? Beware of bogus officials or

workmen and, particularly if you are elderly, fit a chain and an eye hole so you can scrutinise callers at your leisure When you do have callers never let anybody into your home unless you are absolutely sure they are genuine Ask to see an identity card, for example

If you are in the frightening position of waking in the middle of the night and think you can hear

an intruder, then on no account should you approach the intruder Far better to telephone the policeand wait for help

1 A well-protected house

A. is less likely to be burgled

B. is regarded as a challenge by most criminals

C. is a lot of bother to maintain

D. is very unlikely to be burgled

2 According to the writer, we should:

A. avoid leaving our house empty.

B. only go out when we have to

C. always keep the curtains closed

D. give the impression that our house is occupied when we go out

3 The writer thinks that hiding a key under a doormat or flower pot:

A. is a predictable place to hide it

B. is a useful place to hide it

C. is imaginative

D. is where you always find a spare key

4 The 'aforementioned precautions' refer to steps that:

A. will tell a burglar if your house is empty or not

B. are the most important precautions to take to make your home safe

C. will stop a potential burglar

D. will not stop an intruder if he has decided to try and enter your home

5 Gaining entry to a house through a small window:

A. is surprisingly difficult

B. is not as difficult as people think

C. is less likely to happen than gaining entry through a door

D. is tried only by very determined burglars

6 According to the writer, window locks, security locks and burglar alarms:

A. cost a lot of money but are worth it

B. are good value for money

C. are luxury items

D. are absolutely essential items

7 The writer argues that fitting a chain and an eye hole:

A. will prevent your home being burgled

B. avoids you having to invite people into your home

C. is only necessary for elderly people

D. gives you time to check if the visitor is genuine

8 The best title for the text is:

A. Increasing household crime

B. Protecting your home from intruders

C. What to do if a burglar breaks into your home

D. Burglary statistics

PART 2 – GAPPED TEXT

This month in lifestyles we feature Sarah a practising acupuncturist

I’ve done a lot of travelling in Europe and Asia throughout my adult life and it was whilst I was teaching in China that I became interested in acupuncture.(9)It was after returning from China and witnessing how successful it had been that I reached the decision to become an acupuncturist myself I was lucky to discover that the town where I lived had a famous and well-reputed college

of traditional acupuncture

Alternative medicine is particularly important for me because I firmly believe that it works on the level of body, mind and spirit.(10) Of course this medicine is very powerful and can consequently have powerful side effects Alternative medicine like acupuncture on the other hand is aimed at treating the person as a whole When a person’s ill, there’s something in their life which is putting their energy levels out of balance What alternative therapies try to do is help to gradually push that energy back into balance The result is that any disease present might naturally disappear as it cannot survive when energies are balanced.

The treatments consist largely of balancing the energy between the different meridians of a

person’s body (11) Treatment aims to free blocks of energy in these meridians which may be causing ill health and which may have been there for many years

It would be an odd state of affairs if a practising alternative therapist had not had treatment

themselves and this is certainly not the case for myself (12) I’ve never suffered particularly from physical problems but treatment for my mental and spiritual wellbeing has been very successful

I’ve treated a wide range of people for various conditions, for example people suffering from stressand anxiety and helped them to cope with stressful situations in their lives.(13) There’s another woman who suffers from arthritis of the hip and at the moment I’m treating an old lady who has several health problems, one of them being Parkinson’s Disease All these people have found that acupuncture has made them feel more balanced in themselves and they have certainly benefited from the treatment

To date I currently own the Licentiate in Acupuncture This course lasted three years and I had to

go to the college about one weekend in three.(14) I had a large amount of homework to do and practical work, which I did two or three evenings a week This entailed locating points on differentpeople As you can imagine, this isn’t straightforward as people are different sizes and have

different shaped bodies

In the future I hope to set up an alternative health clinic which will involve myself as an

acupuncturist but perhaps other people as well.(15)I’d like to set this up somewhere in a rural setting, where people could enjoy coming not only for the treatment but where they would be able

to sit and enjoy the scenery, go for walks and basically feel free from the stresses of life

A These are twelve acupuncture channels along which energy travels in the human body

B Also on a physical level I’ve treated a woman for problems with eczema

C I'd like to work with practitioners of homeopathy, reflexology, aromatherapy and perhaps

counselling

D There was a lot more to it than that though

E It is common for people there to have acupuncture treatment, not only if they’re ill but also to prevent the onset of diseases

F Contrary to popular belief, having the needles placed in your body is quite painless

G I’ve had a lot of acupuncture treatment and found it particularly useful

H This is very different from Western medicine which is supposed to work solely on the body

PART 3 – MULTIPLE MATCHING

at the back where my father left the car at night He hardly ever used the car after getting in from work I used to go and see my girlfriend or just drive around and then come back and leave the car

in exactly the same place One night though, I got back at around ten thirty only to find there were

no parking spaces left I suppose because I went in and told my dad the truth straight away he was quite good about it Although, he did stop my allowance for four weeks

B

My most unfortunate driving experience happened ages ago, before I'd actually passed my driving test My girlfriend's father used to let her borrow his car whenever we were going to the cinema or something Anyway, I'd been thinking about learning to drive and I persuaded her to let me have a

go We took the car down to the beach on the sand where no one could see us and she let me take the wheel We were having such fun that we didn't notice the tide was coming in until the car was actually swimming in the water We had to leave the car where it was and catch the bus back to tellher dad By the time the three of us returned, the car was almost covered in water Needless to say, her father wasn't too pleased The funny thing is her dad ended up selling me the car after I passed

D

My advice about learning to drive would be to have proper lessons from a qualified instructor and never to let a friend or family member try to teach you It's a guaranteed way to spoil a good relationship Every Sunday, when the traffic was quieter, my father would pick me up and take me for a drive along the streets of our hometown and give me a lecture on how to drive, explaining everything he was doing and why Eventually it was my turn to have a go My dad was so nervous that he panicked before I'd even started up the engine He used to shout at the slightest mistake,

and when the lesson was finally over he'd come home and have a large glass of whisky to calm down.

E

I didn't start learning to drive until I was twenty one I'd spent lots of money on lessons but I was a terrible driver, I must admit The first time I took my driving test nobody expected me to pass But after failing another four times the pressure was really on I took my test for a sixth time and failed yet again, but I was too embarrassed to admit it to my family, so I just pretended that I'd passed after all My family were delighted and my mother went out and bought me a car the next day I didn't know what to do so I just got in and drove I continued to drive - illegally - for three months.Fortunately I was never stopped by the police and the next time I took my driving test I passed

Which person('s)

16 had a parent who was accused of driving dangerously?

17 bought a car?

18 drove his girlfriend’s dad’s car?

19.drove alone without a license?

20 had to defend one of their parents?

21 drove the family car without permission?

22 was teaching someone to drive?

23 paid for driving lessons?

24 had no driving instruction from their father?

25 was punished for their actions?

26 was given driving lessons by a member of their family?

27 was considering taking driving lessons?

28 advises against being taught to drive by a friend or family member?

29 was given a treat for passing their test?

30 used to make their father nervous?

We're always being urged to stay safe online But in an era where the internet is part of our

everyday lives - for work, fun, study, shopping, even managing finances - it's not always easy to spot the dangers Web safety expert, Amanda Knox, explores some of the issues lurking in

cyberspace

Her first piece of advice is to install software and a firewall to protect your computer from viruses, hackers and criminals who want to steal your data or financial information."Think of these as your first line of defence," says Amanda

So much for protecting yourself against intruders, but what about other problems? Say you've accidentally deleted an important file or you've been at the mercy of a natural disaster Katy Marshruns an online photography business from home and when a fire destroyed part of her house it could easily have spelled ruin for her business too "Luckily I keep a regular back-up of my data so

it wasn't a catastrophe." Amanda advises that while back-ups are good to have we must ensure we protect our computers to start with

Whilst most of us are aware of the need to protect our computers, it seems we're more lax when it comes to looking out for ourselves, at least according to a recent web awareness survey Web safety specialists say better personal awareness is needed and this is due in part to the rise of 'Social Networking' sites like 'Bebo', 'MySpace' and 'Facebook', which allow us to connect with people around the world with similar interests and professional backgrounds Chris Simpson, a computer programmer, learnt the hard way "I joined a free online networking group in the hope ofmaking some professional contacts to help me find a new job After a month, one of my online contacts invited me to take out a subscription to a club that promised access to a network of job recruiters It turned out to be a waste of money I ended up a laughing stock with my mates - they couldn't believe that someone in my job could get taken in so easily." No wonder then that

Amanda warns, "It's easy to get complacent and let our guard down when we meet someone with the same interests online."

This brings us to other potential pitfalls Are the people you meet online who they really claim to be? Can you be sure the person you're chatting with is in fact a 22-year-old Maths undergraduate from London and not someone merely masquerading as a student to win your trust? Khaled, a postgrad from ManchesterUniversity, quickly realised that it was unwise of him to post his phone number and email address in the public forum of an online academic discussion group He was soon bombarded with unwanted emails and nuisance phone calls Yet, it's astonishing how many highly educated people do this without considering the consequences that anyone in the world could use the information to make (unwanted) contact

When networking and joining online communities it's better to be cautious about the amount of personal information you share For example, it isn't always necessary to use your real name as a username when registering for a service You could instead use a pseudonym, or a name that doesn't give away your real identity to other users And is it really important to tell the world details about your school, college or any local clubs you're a member of? Sometimes it pays to be alittle vague and simply say something like 'I'm studying at college in Madrid at the moment and I'm a member of a local tennis club'

If you do experience problems from another user be prepared to report them for misusing the service You'll be doing other users a favour too And if all else fails, check to see if it is easy to delete your account and leave the service if you choose to and that you have the option to delete allyour details

A general rule of thumb is not to post any information about yourself that you would not be happy for the world to know - not just now but in years to come This includes photographs of yourself, particularly embarrassing shots of you at that party which you may later regret! It's not always easy

to remove information after it's been posted so you - not to mention your future employer - may have an unpleasant surprise a few years down the line

1 In the second paragraph the phrase 'first line of defence' suggests something

A. is the only option

B. offers protection.

C. is an instruction

D. shows weakness

2 The effect of the fire was

A. worse for Katy's business than her home

B. to ruin Katy's business

C. not as serious for Katy's business as it could have been

D. to make Katy start to back up her data

3 According to the web awareness survey, our attitude to our personal safety is rather

A. relaxed

B. concerned

C. positive

D. uncertain

4 Chris first joined the networking group

A. because it promised him a job

B. in order to make friends and have fun

C. to assist him in a job search

D. because it didn't cost him anything

5 Regarding Khaled's experience, the writer is surprised that

A. people telephone complete strangers

B. people don't think of the results of their actions online

C. university students take part in online discussions

D. people sent emails to Khaled without asking permission

6 What tip does the writer give for joining an online community?

A. Always use a false name

B. Make sure you are properly registered

C. Limit the information you give to others

D. Tell other users where you're studying

7 The writer says that you should report troublesome users

A. because other people will benefit

B. so you can stop using the service

C. only if nothing else works

D. if you want to delete your own details

8 In the final paragraph, the writer advises people

A. not to put photos online

B. to apply for a job online

C. not to have any personal information online

D. to consider what may cause problems in the future

PART 2 – GAPPED TEXT

CAREER SUCCESS IN ARTS

John Prince, famous dancer and choreographer, gives advice on how to succeed in a career

depending on what kind of show you are going to go for."(9)

"Of course, you need to be extremely fit if you want to be a professional dancer I dance or move about for about six hours a day There are great health benefits to being a dancer I can eat a lot of pasta without gaining weight because dancing increases your metabolism so much." (10)

John has a very busy schedule in the next few months He took time out to speak to me today from the making of a pop video to promote N-ergy's latest record "I choreographed the dance routine for the boys and they only had 2 days in which to learn it! I am going to be working on a video for another well-known band - but that's top secret Next month I'll be touring Spain in a production of

a musical that was written by a friend of mine, Michaela Evans.(11) As for the future, I've come to realise that I would never be content to be just a chorus dancer - I'm too much of an individual for that Like all artists I'd love to become a household name by writing and choreographing my own musicals."

John was born in Jamaica to a Jamaican father and a Scottish mother but the family emigrated to England 20 years ago "I have a little sister I adore, who is also training to be a dancer." How does

it feel to have someone else following in your footsteps? (12)

Has he much more to learn, I wondered "I've spent an incredible amount of my life training to get where I am I went to college for two years in England, I trained for six months in Paris and about eight months in America But you never really stop training or learning your art." (13)

So, would you say it's been plain sailing? "I feel I've been lucky to a degree; many people hit problems breaking into the arts It can be a vicious circle really You can't become a member of Equity, which is the actors' and dancers' union, without good contracts and you can't get good contracts without being a member of Equity My advice to people who want to get into the arts would be to go out into the world, and try everything else first (14)

What has a dance career done for you as a person? "Thanks to dancing, I've visited and performed

in 23 countries so far This has opened my eyes to the world, and I've been able to understand issues like racism and inequality from a wider perspective.(15) "So all in all I'm really happy to be

a dancer!"

AIt's fine, but I try not to give out too much advice as it gets irritating!

B And if nothing you like comes out of it, then come back and be an actor or dancer

C Without a strict daily timetable like this you find yourself wasting too much time

D After that it's back to England to start a new term of dance classes

E Hopefully this has enabled me to become a better and more tolerant person as a result

F When it comes to coping with stress, I find that exercise helps me to cope with my problems, so

I stay in good shape mentally as well

G Like any profession where you're always travelling, you tend to acquire something new almost every day

H Being fully equipped with all this stuff beforehand makes it easier when you go for auditions

PART 3 – MULTIPLE MATCHING

This Month's Letters

See this month's problems and questions submitted to us by learners of English:

A

I study English for 6 hours per week in secondary school For 1 hour each week we have

conversation classes with a native speaker of English where we talk about topics such as drugs, politics and culture I know it's a really good opportunity to practice my spoken English, but I never make a contribution to the discussion It's not that I don't have an opinion, or that I'm shy, but more that I don't have the vocabulary to express my views I feel really frustrated at the end of the lesson Nobody else in the group seems to have the same problem

B

I'm a 24-year-old business student from Malaysia and I've been attending English classes at night school for the past 5 years Up to now I've considered myself to be a good student Last month I went to Britain to visit my relatives over there and it was awful People found my pronunciation difficult to follow and I couldn't understand them either What went wrong? My English teacher is very good and I always score the highest in grammar tests

E

I am working as an au pair in London looking after 2 small children I love my job but the way thatEnglish people speak is a little puzzling For example, I often hear them say things like 'more friendlier', whereas I thought it should be 'more friendly' It also seems to be common for them to say 'we was' instead of 'we were' Can you explain this? Would it be impolite of me to correct them?

F

I am an intermediate student of English (I have been studying it for 3 years) I'm quite good at reading and writing but listening is very difficult for me My teacher suggested that I listen to the BBC World Service every day in order to improve my listening The problem is that it's hard for

me to understand every word Do you have any ideas about how to make listening to the radio less difficult? I like listening to the news and knowing what's going on in the world

Could you please give me some advice on a problem I have at the moment with my English

studies I decided to go to the UK to improve my English but the college I am studying in at present is full of people from my own country Although the teachers tell us we should only try to speak in English with each other, it is very difficult to do this, especially in our free time when we

go out together I am worried that my speaking will not improve

Which person:

16 would appear not to have an English teacher?

17 doesn't like studying with people from their own country?

18 has a job in the UK?

19 enjoys keeping up with current affairs?

20 feels that the teacher isn't doing their job properly?

21 uses English speaking radio stations to practise English?

22 had a shock when they visited Britain?

23 wants to avoid speaking their own language?

24 wants to speak English like a native speaker?

25 feels they are the only person with their difficulty?

26 wonders whether it is rude to correct people when they make mistakes?

27 worries that their English will cause them problems at work?

28 had difficulty being understood when they spoke?

29 is thinking about taking an English exam?

30 finds it difficult to take part in conversations?

EXERCISE 4

PART 1 – MULTIPLE CHOICES

She knew the street backwards, of course How many times had she been dragged up it as a child by the wrist, whining and sniveling, always wishing she were somewhere else? Now she had no desire to be anywhere but here This bustling traffic, these fuming buses, these chipped paving stones and boarded-up shop fronts, they were hers Here, she would grow from defiant teenager to independent woman When she was an old woman, she would gaze out over the lawns and say ‘Ah, Knox Road, that’s where I really came into my own’.

Number 126 was only a short walk from the bus stop, and she heaved her multiple bags onto her shoulders and trudged off, trying to maintain the elation as the straps dug into the flesh of her

neck and fingers Number 126 was set back slightly from the main road, with a concrete path and weed-patch at the front The window frames were rotten and the paint chipped Holly tried not to mind It was what was inside that counted, after all The coming-together of six individuals from diverse backgrounds discussing politics, culture and art late into the night, sharing ideas, recipes, milk, shower gel and lovers – that would be what she’d look back on of course, not the paintwork

In the absence of either a bell or knocker, she rapped firmly on the door.

There was no reply Holly peered through gap in curtains in the downstairs window, but there was nothing but gloom within She could hear a faint thudding of a bass beat, but was not sure which house it belonged to She rapped more firmly, and was searching for a pebble to throw to the upstairs window when the door opened A shirtless, overweight twenty-something, with bleary eyes and greasy hair stood in the doorway wearing boxer shorts and mismatched socks.

“I’ve come for the upstairs room, I’m the new tenant,” said Holly brightly.

The man grunted slightly and moved aside He gestured up the dim, uncarpeted stairway and began to shuffle along the dark hallway to the rear of the house.

“Top floor, is that right? I guess I just follow my nose!” Holly gave a high laugh, and received another grunt in reply Then the man was gone.

Not to worry, he must be the quiet moody type, thought Holly, too caught up in his own profound thoughts for inane chit-chat One day she would penetrate his hard outer shell and release the free spirit inside Anyway, now for the stairs.

The four flights of stairs would be worth it, she’d decided when she picked out the flat, even if it did mean her going downstairs to get to the bathroom, because the room faced the front, and she could watch the world scurry by as she sipped her morning coffee Kicking one bag in front and dragging the others behind, she finally made it up the four flights and flung open the door to her new room, her new haven, her new adult life

Peeling beige wallpaper, a lumpy mattress on a chipboard bedframe, a bare light bulb, a flat-pack wardrobe inexpertly put together All this, Holly could just about put up with, but when she saw the view from her window – a dull patch of grey sky, invariable whatever the angle, she finally had

to admit to herself that her adult life was not getting off to a great start.

1 What can be inferred from the text?

A This is Holly’s first time living away from home

B Holly visited the house before deciding to move in

C Holly is new to this part of the town

D Holly already knows someone who lives in this house

2 Where is Knox Road?

5 Which one is NOT true of 126 Knox Road?

A There isn’t a front garden

B The window frames need painting

C There isn’t a doorbell or a door knocker

D The downstairs curtains are drawn

6 What can be inferred about the man who opened the door?

A He owns the property

B He had not expected Holly

C He lives in the front, ground floor room

D He had been asleep

7 Which one is NOT true of Holly’s room?

A It is on the fourth floor

B It is furnished

C It has anensuite bathroom

D It is at the front of the house

8 Which best describes the change in Holly’s emotions?

Big crime, like big business, seems to be much the same world-wide It is all about money and, ultimately, breaking people's legs, whether in America, Russia or Japan.

Throughout America the Mafia is a powerful business entity, absorbing one per cent of the GNP ofthe world's largest economy It deprives the US government of an estimated $30 billion in lost taxes (9) _ It owns sections of the trucking, garment and construction industry in New York andother cities It also controls the trade unions whose members work in these companies

The American Mafia are not alone: glasnost has revealed that they have their exact Russian

counterparts, perhaps not quite so glitzy, but still doing well The Moscow correspondent of The Independent newspaper describes one of them: "Known as the Uncle, he is 73 He made millions

of roubles by running underground textile factories all over the Soviet Union and could have retired long ago (10) _ The Uncle was a political prisoner in one of Stalin's labour camps in the Thirties But he quickly realised that common criminals got better treatment, so he went over to them He met all kinds of villains in the camps and learnt their skills He last came out of jail in

1953 The police have not been able to nail him since

"He has a good, three-roomed flat which is large and luxurious by Moscow standards The outer door is reinforced with double metal plates (11) _ He dislikes ostentation but he cannot resist fashion He wears his clothes well because daily tennis has left him looking an agile and well-kept 55

"Like the classic mafia godfather, the Uncle is a family man, loyal to his wife, who, though 25 years his junior, is no longer pretty His daughter has a pampered life and spends hours in front of

a mirror (12) _ They fear even to brush the daughter's hand by accident The Uncle has been known to hire hit men."

There is one important difference between the American and Russian mobs: the Russian mafia are more interested in the consumer goods that people in the West take for granted (13) _ One businessman had to arrange for three cars packed with colleagues to meet him and protect him when he arrived in Moscow from Paris with a small computer for his firm

Like carrying samovars to Samarkand, such business would not interest the Japanese mafia, the yakuza Japan has 80,000 yakuza, which, according to the Economist, is 20 times the membership

of America's mafia The rackets are the same: drugs, extortion, protection, gambling and

prostitution But the system is different: it is Japanese, and very orderly Crime in Japan, like everything else, is done in orderly, organised groups (14) _ Instant trouble, probably fatal, would come to the intruder who tried to collect protection money from an already protected street market No pickpocket would dare operate in a shopping centre protected by the yakuza

The Japanese mafia are glorified as the modern equivalent of the samurai Such glorification is found also in America and Russia (15) _

A Gangs have their own pitches, their own lines of business

B Organised crime is multinational

C Inside, chandeliers light up the mahogany furniture, the porcelain, the expensive pictures

D But he has moved with the times and is now trading in videos.

E The hottest item is a personal computer which sells for ten times its value in the West

F But surely, a murderer is a murderer is a murderer, isn't he?

G It has moved into legitimate companies which provide a perfect mechanism for laundering illegal funds

H The sidekicks who come and go, bringing crates of beer from the hard currency store

PART 3 – MULTIPLE MATCHING

A Homes For All

Organizations that help the homeless are warning that people will face even greater hardship this winter unless urgent action is taken to offer shelter to those without a home This warning follows publication of figures showing an increase in the number of homeless people Susan Evans of the organization 'Homes for All' said: "With a shortage of accommodation, more people than ever before - young and old - are having to sleep rough A cold winter is predicted this year which means that these people will have to put up with sub-zero temperatures Action must be taken urgently to offer these people shelter." A nationwide demonstration to raise awareness of the problem will take place this weekend Supporters welcome

to begin

C New Youth Club

Youngsters in the city-centre will lose out on a much-loved project if substantial funds are not found this year The 'New Youth Club', which is open to young people from the ages of 10 to 17, isbeing threatened with closure by Health and Safety officials who claim the building is unsafe The club, built 30 years ago, was badly damaged by heavy storms last year and city engineers estimate that one hundred thousand pounds in needed to repair structural damage With only limited funds

at their disposal, managers fear the club will have to close Youngsters from the club have

organised an Open Day on Tuesday in an effort to raise some of the money needed to enable the repairs to be undertaken "This alone won't be enough, however" warned Adam Ross, Youth Leader

D Save lea Valley

A rare species of butterfly and many native plants face extinction if the 'Lea Valley office complex'project goes ahead This is the claim made by local environmentalists involved in the 'Save Lea Valley' campaign They argue that the proposed development, to be built on the site of woodland

dating back hundreds of years, will rob the country of several rare species of wildlife.'Local peoplewould be horrified if they knew of the consequences of this project,' claimed environmentalist Ian Wilson yesterday "We need to instigate a local campaign to alert everyone to the dangers We are starting by writing letters to everyone in the area asking for their support The office complex developers must not be allowed to do this."

16 Local businesses could be badly affected

17 People in the area are not aware of the problem

18 There are plans to build a brand new building

19 The campaign supporters do not have to meet together

20 The problem affects all age groups

21 The problem was caused by bad weather

22 If the plan goes ahead it will spoil the look of the area

23 The campaign cannot raise enough money on its own

24 The problem was announced shortly after a report was published

25 Young people are in danger

26 Local people are very angry

27 A meeting will inform people of the problem

28 People did not have the opportunity to argue against the plan

29 A demonstration is planned across the country

30.A fundraising event has been planned

EXERCISE 5

PART 1 – MULTIPLE CHOICES

Adapted from the Guardian

If Caesar Barber dreamed of winning fame, he probably didn't think it would be due to his obesity However, since the 120kg maintenance worker filed a lawsuit against McDonald's, Wendy's, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Burger King last month - seeking damages for selling him food that made him obese - Barber's 15 minutes of fame are proving as painful as the two heart attacks he has already had

"Does anyone really believe that Mr Barber was too dumb to know that eating saturated fat was less healthy than having, say, a fruit dish or a chef salad?" said Steve Dasbach, who is the

executive director of the Libertarian party Barber says that he was in the dark about the nutritionalcontent of the fast food he was eating up to five times a week from the 1950s onwards Incredibly,

he didn't didn’t give up burgers and salty fries after he had his first heart attack in 1996 He is now

a diabetic with high blood pressure

In his lawsuit - the first of its kind in the United States - he contends that deceptive advertising misled him about the nutritional value of the food, until a doctor pointed it out "Those people in the advertisements don't tell you what's in the food," he says "Now I'm obese The fast-food industry has ruined my life They said 100% beef I thought that meant it was good for you." Attacks on Barber’s character and perceived IQ became a sport in the US media Barber wasn't stupid, columnists and radio hosts joked, just out to make money by failing to take responsibility

for his diet More than 75 million Americans eat fast food every day But who, the journalists asked, doesn't know that too much will make you overweight?

"Mr Barber honestly didn't know what the dangers were when he started eating fast food in the 50s," says his lawyer, Samuel Hirsch "The fast-food chains made no effort then, and little today,

to inform consumers about the dangerously high fat, cholesterol or salt content of their food." Hirsch says that his client, who has now gone into hiding, is not trying to make money but to get the chains to inform customers that their food is guilty of expanding their waistlines

Barber and his lawyer are following hard on the heels of a series of lawsuit wins over some

tobacco companies for the addictive nature of nicotine and subsequent diagnosis of cancer It actually seems that Hirsh believes that there might be similarities between tobacco and fast food products as he claims that both nicotine and fast food products create a craving

The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine applauded the lawsuit The committee's research coordinator, Brie Turner-McGrivey, says that whether Barber wins or loses, the hype surrounding the case has been good for doctors, spotlighting America's obesity epidemic and the role that fast food plays in it

One might consider Mr Barber’s case an act of stupidity or an attempt to make some quick money but Ceasar Barber definitely takes credit for initiating the discussion about whether obesity is a matter of personal responsibility or if fast food chains are also to blame for failure to inform consumers and fighting obesity has become a one of the priorities of American health

organizations

1 Why is Caesar Barber famous?

A. Because he has been eating fast food for more than 40 years

B. Because he sued fast food chains for making him obese

C. Because he has serious health problems due to eating fast food

D. Because he is a top lawyer

2 What does Caesar Barber say about fast food?

A. In the 50s fast food wasn’t fattening

B. He didn’t know what the content of fast food was

C. He started to eat fast food before 1950

D. He used to eat fast food five days a week

3 After the first heart attack, Caesar Barber

A. stopped eating all fast food except for burgers and fries

B. started to eat even more fast food

C. became very ill

D. carried on eating fast food

4 How did the American media react to this lawsuit?

A. The media made fun of Caesar Barber

B. The media suggested that Caesar Barber should go on a diet

C. Barber was offered to host his own radio show

D. Some media started a sports campaign against eating hamburgers

5 Caesar Barber’s lawyer argues that

A. fast food chains are expanding too quickly.

B. Caesar Barber is in hiding because he is worried about his life

C. Caesar Barber is trying to force fast food chains to better inform their customers

D. he is only trying to make money just like other lawyers

6 is meant by the expression “hard on the heels”?

A. very persistently

B. with a lot of problems

C. in a very difficult way

D. immediately after

7 What is Mr Turney - McGrivey's opinion about the publicity surrounding Caesar

Barber’s case?

A. It is bad because it has shown that fast food is high in saturated fat

B. It is good because it raises awareness about the connection between fast food and obesity

C. It is good for doctors because it will bring them more patients

D. It is good because it has shown that Americans are overweight

8 The writer concludes that Mr Barber

A. should take responsibility for his eating habits

B. is just looking for ways to make money as fast as possible

C. raised awareness about the problem of obesity

D. proved that fast food chains are responsible of the obesity epidemic

PART 2 – GAPPED TEXT

The Making of 'Tipping Point'

Many of the most expensive commercials ever made are those in which an A-list celebrity flashes

a beautiful smile at the cameras (9) _ Their recent television advertisement, the most expensive

in British history, cost ten million pounds, and it features, not the rich and famous, but villagers from the mountains of Argentina

The advertisement features a game of dominoes It begins in a darkened room where several thousand ordinary dominoes are set up on a specially-designed table (10) _ Dominoes knock over books, which in turn knock bigger household objects such as suitcases, tyres, pots of paint, oildrums and even cars The final piece in the chain reaction is a huge tower of books These flutter open to reveal a structure in the shape of a pint of Guinness

The location chosen for the commercial was Iruya, a village high up in the mountains of west Argentina (11) _ The journey there could take up to ten hours Asked why this remote destination was chosen for the shoot, the director said that even though it was the most difficult location they could have picked, it was perfect

north-For one month, the village, population thousand, increased in size by almost thirty percent One hundred and forty crew members descended on the village These included the world record holders in domino toppling, Weijers Domino productions from the Netherlands (12) _Creating this film was no easy task Preparations for filming took well over a month Twenty six truckloads of objects were brought in (13) _ They included 10,000 books, 400 tyres, 75 mirrors, 50 fridges, 45 wardrobes and 6 cars Setting the objects up took skill and patience They

needed to be arranged so they would fall over easily, and this involved balancing them on stones Some of the sequences had to be reshot 15 times and 24 hours of footage was captured However, the sequence in which six cars fell over was successfully shot in just one take

Filming in this location was not without its difficulties Firstly, being so isolated, it was hard to obtain resources at short notice The second problem was the high altitude (14) _ It was also hard working with the villagers who had no experience of film-making Finally, setting and

resetting the props caused a good deal of frustration

These days when CGI is all the rage, it was surprising that so little of the work was done using computer effects The only sequence that used computer graphics was the one in which the tower

of books fluttered open to reveal a pint of Guinness (15) _ Even so, this was no simple matter They had to ensure that all the books in the tower had a different appearance

Director NicolaiFuglsig said about the project: ‘Despite all the challenges, the cast was fantastic and it was a really amazing experience.’ Whether or not the effort put into the advert pays off is another matter entirely

A Then the falling dominoes head out of the room into the streets, causing progressively larger objects to tumble

B These were all chosen to suit the town and fit in with the people’s way of life

C Getting there involved driving along 48 kilometres of dirt roads and crossing twelve rivers

D Iruya is situated 3000 metres above sea level and the film crew was not used to working in such conditions

E The prop department did construct a small version on site, but most of the work was done in a studio in London

F Added to this was the total of one hundred and thirty 'actors' who were recruited from a five neighbouring towns

G Setting up the dominoes on the table took a team of experts three days, but took just 14 seconds

to topple

H Not so with the famous Irish drink company Guinness

PART 3 – MULTIPLE MATCHING

FEELS NOTHING LIKE TEEN SPIRIT

The albums chart is filled with some of the least offensive music ever made and rock critics are wondering whatever happened to youthful rebellion, as embodied by punk rock and grunge The stars of easy listening see things differently

A

When 26-year-old Jamie Cullum was a teenager, music was his hobby and he worked his way through college doing every kind of gig possible - weddings, cruise liners, parties - and playing in every band going, from heavy metal to freestyle hip hop Backed by experienced professionals on double bass and drums, the charismatic vocalist and pianist brings a contemporary broad approach

to jazz “What I'm doing isn't pure jazz Pop, rock, dance, hip hop - everything gets thrown

together” He covers heroes of his own generation like Coldplay and Radiohead as well as those ofthe past by doing jazzy new interpretations of their songs but also writes songs of his own with modern themes in old styles A gifted but self-taught performer, Cullum, who can't read music and plays by ear, provokes extremes of love and loathing amongst record buyers and jazz purists but says, 'What I do is totally true to me I put my heart and soul into it'

B

Michael Bublé, at 27, has achieved over a million worldwide sales for his album of old dance bandfavourites from the 1930s and 40s He discovered swing through his Italian grandfather 'While I was growing up, this music would be everywhere Of course, I heard modern stuff too, but there wasn't enough melody for me Swing is all about rhythm When I was growing up, kids weren't given any choice so this was my rebellion I like rap, pop and R&B but for too long there's only been room for that and nothing else' So does this on-stage 'smooth' behavior come naturally to him? 'I wasn't born in the 30s and I don't smoke cigars in real life I don't want to be a copycat - I'mnot really Frank Sinatra It's just part of the performance in the same way that an actor doesn't have

to take drugs in order to play a junkie.'

C

In 2004, Katie Melua, then 19, spent most of the year as number one in the album charts Her music is not easily categorised but she laughs at the idea that she is conservative 'If everyone else was doing jazz, blues and folk in the charts then you could accuse me of this But everyone's doingR&B and hip hop, and I feel there should be another option' Haven't some of her contemporaries accused her of being a little unexciting? ' All I can say is that my music is completely from my heart and it's what feels right OK, it happens not to be hip and cool, but I'm not suddenly going to get an electric guitar out just to attract the kids Perhaps my music appeals to an older generation because I myself listen to artists such as Ella Fitzgerald, Bob Dylan and Eva Cassidy When I heard Cassidy's 'Over the Rainbow' it opened my eyes, because it sounded old-fashioned but also fresh and new.' So would she ever consider using her fame to write a song about the wrongs of the world, as Dylan did? 'I already have This kind of protest can be a powerful tool with young peopleand it's been neglected in the current popular charts’

D

Being in a band which does cover versions of old songs is rarely cool or glamorous, but Marcella Puppini, as one third of one of the most interesting vocal acts around,includes supermodel Kate Moss amongst her famous fans Marcella met the other two 'Puppini Sisters' at the Royal College

of Music, where they studied singing and various instruments including the piano, saxophone, violin, harp and accordion All accomplished musicians; they decided to turn the clock back 60 years to form a three-part harmony group As well as creating up-to-date interpretations of

favorites from the 1940s, they also translate 'modern' songs and reinterpret them in the 1940s style.Helped by the present vogue for all things retro they have achieved a cult following in the coolest, trendiest clubs and festivals in the UK,wearing clothes and make-up in keeping with the songs theysing 'I would now like the band to cross over to the 'pop' charts I think they may be ready for something different', says Marcella.

16 Has had a wide and varied experience of performing live?

17.Is globally very successful?

18 Admits their music is not fashionable with younger fans?

19 Has a celebrity following?

20 Plays music which is a mixture of different genres?

21 Wants to appeal to a wider audience?

22 Wants to use their music as a political message?

23 Likes to dress up when doing a show?

24 Receives a mixed reaction to their music?

25 Was trained as a classical musician?

26 Wanted to offer an alternative to the usual music on offer?

27 Sings songs with other people?

28 Feels they only perform the kind of music they love?

29 Wanted to offer an alternative to the usual music on offer?

30 Feels they only perform the kind of music they love?

EXERCISE 6

PART 1 – MULTIPLE CHOICES

Many trees in the Brackham area were brought down inthe terrible storms that March The town itselflosttwogreatlimetreesfromtheformermarketsquare.Thedisappearanceof such prominent

features had altered the appearance ofthetown centre entirely, to the annoyance of its more

conservative inhabitants

Among the annoyed, under more normal circumstances, would have been Chief Inspector Douglas Pelham,headofthelocal policeforce.But atthe height ofthat week'sstorm, when the wind brought down even the mature walnut tree in his garden, Pelham had in fact been in no fit state to notice Alarge and healthy man, he had for the first time in his life been seriously ill with an attack of bronchitis

When he first complained of an aching head and tightness in his chest, his wife, Molly, had tried topersuade him to go to the doctor Convinced that the police force could not do without him, he had,

as usual,ignored her and attempted to carry on working.Predictably, though he wouldn't have listenedto anyone who triedtotell him so, this had the effect of fogging his memory and shortening his temper

It was only when his colleague, Sergeant Lloyd,took the initiative and drove him to the doctor's door that he finally gave in Bythat time, he didn't have the strength leftto argue with her In no time at all,she wastaking him along to the chemist's to get his prescribed antibiotics and then home

to his unsurprised wife who sent him straight to bed

When Molly told him, on the Thursday morning,that the walnuttree hadbeen brought down

duringthe night, Pelham hadn't been able to take it in On Thursday evening, he had asked weakly about damagetothe house, groanedthankfully when he heardthere was none,andpulled the sheets over his head

It wasn't until Saturday, when the antibiotics took effect, his temperature dropped and he got up, that he realised with a shockthat the loss ofthe walnut tree had made a permanent difference to the appearance of the living-room The Pelhams' large house stood in a sizeable garden It had not come cheap, but even so Pelham had no regrets about buying it The leafy garden had created an impression of privacy Now, though, the storm had changed his outlook

Previously,the viewfromtheliving-room had featuredthe handsome walnut tree This had not darkenedthe room because there was also a window on the opposite wall , but it had provided interesting patterns of light and shade that disguised the true state of the worn furniture that the family had brought with them from their previous house

Withthetreegone,theroomseemedcruelly bright,itsworn furnishingsexposedinalltheir shabbiness Andtheviewfromthe windowdidn'tbearlookingat.Thetallhousenext door, previously hidden bythe tree, was now there, dominatingthe outlook with its unattractive purple bricks and external pipes Itseemed to have a great many upstairs windows, all of them watching the Pelhams' every

movement

'Doesn't it look terrible?' Pelham croaked to his wife

But Molly, standing in the doorway, sounded more pleased than dismayed 'That's what I've been telling you ever since we came here We have to buy a new sofa, whatever it costs.'

1 Why were some people in Brackham annoyed after the storm?

AThe town looked different

BThe police had done little to help

CNo market could be held

DFallentrees had not been removed

2 In the third paragraph, what do we learn about Chief Inspector Pelham's general attitude to his work?

AHe finds it extremely annoying

BHe is sure that he fulfils a vital role

CHe considers the systems are not clear enough

DHe does not trust the decisions made by his superiors

3 Who does 'her' inline 16 refer to?

6 As a result of the storm,the Pelhams'living-room

Awas pleasantly lighter

Bfeltless private

Chad a better view

Dwas in need of repair

7 Why did Molly sound pleased by her husband's comment?

AIt proved that he was well again

BShe agreed about the tree

CShe thought he meant the sofa

DIt was what she expected him to say

8 From what we learn of Inspector Pelham, he could best be described as

Aopen-minded

Bwell-liked

Cwarm-hearted

Dstrong-willed

PART 2 – GAPPED TEXT

The Netball Captain

In our series on women in sport, Suzie Ellis went to meet England's netball captain

KendraSlawinskiiscaptain inof England'snetball team WhenImether,she'dhadatypical day for theweeksleadinguptonextmonth's World Championships:aday'steachingatalocal school followed by

a trainingsession in the local supermarket car park

I was surprised to hear about her t raining venue

‘Don’t you get strange looks?' I asked her I’m too involvedinwhatI'mdoing - concentratingon my movementsandmyfeet- toseeanythingelse,' she said 'I might notice cars slow down out of the comer of my eye, but that's all.'

'My wholelife now is all about making sure I'm at myabsolute best for the Championships,' says Kendra (9) _TheseareherfourthWorld

Championshipsandthey areguaranteedtobe the biggest ever, with 27 nations taking part

'We'llhavehome supportbehindus, whichis so special,'shesays.'Andit'simportantthatthe

reputationofnetballinthiscountryshould be improved (10) _Ahomecrowdwill have

expectationsandgivemoresupport.People will expect us to start the tournament with a good game ' TheirfirstgameisagainstBarbadosand it comesimmediatelyaftertheopeningceremony

(11) _They have lots of ability.'

TheEnglandteamarecurrentlyrankedfourth in theworld.But,asKendrapointsout,the World

Championships willbetough.'Youhaveto push yourself to play each day, there's no rest between games asinaseries Andyou canstillwinan international series if you lose the first game (12) _

In the fifteen years since she has been playing at top level,thesport has become harder,faster On court, playersare moreaggressive 'You don'tdoall that training not to come out a winner,' says Kendra '(13) _ We' re all friendlier after the game '

Netballis also taking a far more scientific approach to fitness testing

'It is essential that we allthink and train like world-class players,' says Kendra

‘(14) _seemyroleassupporting and encouraging therest of the team.’

'Fromtheverybeginning,mynetball career hasalwaysbeencarefullyplanned.'shesays

(15) _'

Doubtlessshewillcoachyoungplayersin the future, but at the moment her eyes are firmly set on her last big event As she leads out her team in the opening candlelight ceremony, sheis more than likely to have atear inher eye Her loyal supporters willbe behind her every step of the way

ABut the Championships are different becauseEI'm on a strict timetable to gain maximum fitness there's only onechance and you have to be ready for them to make the most ofit

BIn fact, some of them help me with my speed and ball-skills training

CBut once the final whistle blows, you become a different person

DSo rtook the decision some time ago that this competition would be the end of it as far as playing

is concerned

EI'm on a strict timetable to gain maximum fitness for them

FAs far as I'm aware, we have always beaten them, but they'll be exciting to play

GAs captain, I think it's important that I have a strong mental attitude and lead byexample

HAs a result ofplaying here, there will be more pressure than we're used to

PART 3 – MULTIPLE MATCHING

Which designer(s)

Advises against certain styles?16 _

Took a business decision based ontheir own personal taste? 17 _

Had begun designing before being trained?18 _

Have adapted a traditional style?19 _ 20 _

Works in a variety of environments?21 _

Is working with a material whichis new to them?22 _

Have used their reputation to develop a new area of business?23 _ 24 _

Are completely self-taught?25 _ 26 _

mention how tastes have changed recently?27 _ 28 _

have received professional recognition?29 _ 30 _

Style Merchants

Style informs every part ofour livestodayfrom clothes to interior decoration and accessories Jo Foley provides ataste ofthetrends for this year'sfollowers offashion

A Ned Ingham: Dress Design

NedInghammakesdreamy,romantic wedding dresses.'Peoplewoulddowelltoavoid the

traditional,rather stiff dresses and the 'frilly' look in favour of much simpler styles,' he explains Ingham hasbeendrawinganddesigningweddingdresses since he wasa schoolboy Then,at the age of

16, he enrolledatfashionschool,wherehegained the technical skills to cut and construct clothes But you do not haveto be abridetoownanIngham dress: he also designslong,classicevening dresses, given a freshtouch by up-to-the-minute colours and fabrics

Forthelessadventurous,Ingham'sdesigns include aclassicsummer navy-bluesuit,thecenterpiece of

the Englishwoman's wardrobefor most of the 20th century.Butinhishands,itlooksasnew as

tomorrow

B Sally Quail: Jeweler

Althoughsheonce workedforanart dealer, Sally Quail has had noformaltraining injewellery It was onlywhenshecouldnotfindanengagement ring shelikedthat shedecidedtodesignherown The

resultingenquiriesencouragedhertosetupas a designer in1990 Now her pieces are sought out by many stars of stageandscreen Her signature style islargesemi-preciousstonessetingoldto make magnificent necklaces, bracelets and rings fashioned after those worn inthe18th century However, she has recently begun to use the most precious stone of all- diamonds 'It mustreflectmyage,'says 36-year-oldQuail.‘Ireachedthatmomentin every woman's life when she wants a diamond and that iswhen I began working withthem.'

C Grimson: Handbag Designer

Justfouryearsaftersettingupinthe fiercely competitivefashionbusiness,LilyGrimson, with only an introductory course in art and design behind her,hashadtwoofhercreationsselectedfor a

majordesignexhibition.Whatevertheshape and formof her designs,theyareneverignored.All of Grimson'sfashionbagsarehandmadeinthe UK The Grimsonhandbagisnotsimplyacontainer

-thebagsarefullofglamour,whether fashioned fromthefinestcalfskinortheheaviestsilk A

combination of chic and care makes a Grimson bag something special

D Peter Little: Hairdresser

For over 20 years, PeterLittle has taken his scissors tosome of the world's top heads Everyone who

is anyone has had their hair styled by this man 'Most women wantreal-looking hair and astyle theycan manageathome,'hesays.Sohisapproachis a novelone - toensure that his clients never appear asifthey havejust walked out of a salon But this carefreeattitudeandcasuallookdoesnot come cheap -

£250 forthe first appointment, and there's athree-month waiting list Trading on his celebrity, Peter has produced his own range of hairdryers and otherstylingequipment.Now,thosewho can’t make it

to his salon can create their own styles back at home

E Penny.Pratt: Florist

In addition to running her tiny shop, Penny Pratt is aflowerconsultantforalargechain of

supermarkets and provides floralideasto a number oftoprestaurants.Allofthisisgoodgoing for someonewhohasnofloristryqualifications and gaveup her job asateacher 10yearsago in order todo'somethingdifferent'.Andhersimple, yet incredibly modern, creations have begun to capture every design prizein the flower business, which has helpedherinsettingupherownLondon Flower School.Shehasrecentlycombinedherskills on extremely successfullecturetripsto Japan and the USA.Shesays,'Flowerarrangementsaremuchsimplerthesedays.Keepthemsimplebut strong and don’thavetoo many leaves - they are too large and architectural For wedding bouquets, whatever yourarrangement,thegoldenruleremains: the flowers must be ofthe same species.'

EXERCISE 7

PART 1 – MULTIPLE CHOICES

OnSaturday morningsl workedinthefamilyshop.I startedcycling downtothe shop with Dad on Saturdays assoonasI wasbig enough.Ithought ofit as givinghim a hand and so I didn't mind whatI did,althoughit was mostly justfetchingandcarryingat arun all morning I managed not to think ofitas work andIlookedforwardto the bar of chocolate my grandmother

passedmeunsmilinglyasIleft Itriednottolookat her;I hadreasontofeel guilty because I'd generally already eaten some dried fruits or a sliver ofcheese when no one was looking As soon as l

wasfifteen,though, Dad said,'that’sit,our Janet.You're of workingagenow and you’re not coming to work unless your grandmother paysyou properly.' He did his best to make his chin look

determined.'l shall speak to her.'

Thenext Saturday,Grancalledmeintoherlittleofficebehindthe shop.I alwayshatedgoing in

there.Shehadanelectricheateronfullblast,andthe windows werealwayskepttightly closed

whateverthe weather.There werepilesofdustycataloguesandbrochuresonthefloor 'You're

wantingtogetpaid,Ihear,'Gransaid.'Yes,please,'Ireplied.It wasratherlikevisiting the headmistress at school, soI was veryquiet andrespectful Gran searched through the mess of papers on her

crowdeddesk,sighingand clicking hertongue.Eventually sheproduced an official-looking leaflet andran her fingers along the columns of figures.'How old are you?'‘Fifteen Gran,' I added for extra politeness, but shelooked at me asif I had been cheeky 'Full-timers at your age get forty

poundsfora thirty-five-hour week,'sheannouncedinsucha wayastoleavenodoubtthat she 19

wasn'tinfavourof this.'No wonderthere'snoprofitinshopkeeping!So,Janet, what'sthat per 20

hour?'Questionslikethatalwaysflustered me.Insteadof tryingto workthemout inmyhead, I wouldjust stand there, unable to think straight I get a pencil and paper,' I offered 'Don't bother,' snapped Granangrily, TU do it myself.I'll give you a pound an hour; takeit or leave it.' I’ll take it,

please.''And I expectreal work forit, mind Nostanding about, and if I catch you eating any of the stock,there'll be trouble That's theft, and it's a crime.'

Fromthen on, my main job at the shop was filling the shelves This was dull, but I hardly expected tobetrusted withhandlingthe money.Once ortwice,however,when Dad wasextrabusy, I'd triedto help himby serving behindthecounter.I hatedit.It wasverydifficultto remember the prices of

everything and l was particularly hopeless at using thetill Certain customers made unkind remarks aboutthis,increasing my confusion and the chances of my making a fool of myself

It wasanold-establishedvillageshop,going back150 yearsat leastandi t wasreally behind the times eventhen Dad longedto be ableto make theshop more attractiveto customers, but Gran

wouldn'thear ofit.I overheardthem once arguing about whethertobuy a freezer cabinet 'Our

customers wantfrozen food, ' Dad said.'They see thingsadvertised and if they can't get them from

us, they'llgo elsewhere.''Your father always sold freshfood,' Granreplied 'People come here for quality,they don't want all that frozen stuff.'

Actually, she gave wayinthe end overthefreezer MrTimson, her great rival,installed one in his shop at the other end ofthe villageand customers started making loud comments about how handy

it was,being able to getfrozenfoodinthe village,and how good MrTimson's sausages were That really upset her because she was proud of her sausages and she ungraciously gave Dad the money

to buy the freezer Within a couple of weeks, she was eating frozenfoodlikethe rest ofus