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Appendix I: Clinical characteristics and genotype profile of the patients.
Table 1: Clinical characteristics of recruited patients.
Patient Current Age Age At
no.
(2011)
Diagnosis Gender
10
14
9.24
M
11
10
5.74
M
13
9
4.58
F
14
18
3.91
F
16
24
2.18
F
18
18
5.44
M
19
24
2.7
F
20
20
16
F
21
19
1.67
M
22
22
6.35
M
24
24
1.7
M
25
16
2
F
26
22
2
M
27
25
14.19
F
28
13
4
F
32
22
1.83
F
33
34
35
36
15
9
23
23
2
4.78
16
6.5
F
M
F
M
Race
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
Renal Biopsy Finding
MCNS
MCNS
FSGS
Not performed
FGS
MCNS
MCNS; IgM nephropathy
Not performed
FMPGN
Minor abnormalities
Not performed
Not performed
Not performed
FMPGN
Not performed
FMPGN
Minor glomerular
abnormalities
MCNS
Minor abnormalities
Not performed
Poor
Prognosis
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Steroid
Resistant
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
On CNI
therapy
Yes**
Yes
Yes**
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
146
Patient Current Age Age At
no.
(2011)
Diagnosis Gender
37
11
6
M
38
4
4.41
M
41
16
1.11
M
43
23
1.88
M
45
18
3
M
Race
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
46
50
51
53
54
21
11
12
10
19
1.41
4
3
2
3
F
M
M
F
M
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
58
60
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
74
75
30
17
18
17
20
13
11
25
15
12
14
11
3.5
0.9
3.53
5.77
8.99
5.01
1.9
1.76
1
1.08
F
M
F
F
F
M
F
M
M
F
F
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
Renal Biopsy Finding
Not performed
Not performed
Minor abnormalities
Not performed
Not performed
Minor abnormalities, IgM
nephropathy
Not performed
Not performed
Not performed
Not performed
Diffuse mesangial
proliferative
glomerulonephritis with
global and segmental
sclerosis
Not performed
FMPGN
Not performed
Not performed
Not performed
Not performed
FSGS
FGS
Not performed
FSGS
Poor
Prognosis
No
No
No
No
No
Steroid
Resistant
No
No
Yes
No
No
On CNI
therapy
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes**
No
No
No
No
Yes*
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes*
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes**
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes**
Yes
No
Yes
147
Patient Current Age Age At
no.
(2011)
Diagnosis Gender
77
30
5
F
79
8
6
F
Race
CH
CH
80
81
82
83
31
8
32
28
3
5
9.53
5.47
F
M
M
M
CH
CH
CH
CH
84
89
90
91
93
94
105
110
114
115
118
119
11
21
21
9
5
19
24
29
15
33
22
16
4
10.85
10.81
7
2.61
11.01
4.79
5
0
2
12.33
4.01
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
F
F
M
F
M
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
121
127
130
132
15
14
19
16
10.8
2
7
1.02
M
M
M
F
CH
CH
CH
CH
Renal Biopsy Finding
Not performed
Not performed
Mesangial injury, GN w IgM
deposits and global sclerosis
Not performed
FSGS
FGS
Glomerular minor
abnormalities with
mesangial IgM IF
FSGS
MCNS
FSGS
Not performed
FSGS
Not performed
FSGS with a cellular crescent
MCNS
FGS
FGS
Not performed
Glomerular minor
abnormalities
MCNS
IgM nephropathy, MCNS
Minimal change. Findings
Poor
Prognosis
No
No
Steroid
Resistant
No
No
On CNI
therapy
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes**
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes*
No
Yes*
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes**
No
Yes**
No
Yes**
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
148
Patient Current Age Age At
no.
(2011)
Diagnosis Gender
Race
137
139
140
141
143
144
148
151
153
156
159
160
161
162
164
8
23
28
15
20
20
12
14
22
12
37
32
12
9
21
1.96
19.01
7
2
4
5
3.27
10
11.91
2.66
2
1.61
2.84
5.58
3.59
M
M
M
F
M
F
M
F
F
M
M
M
F
M
M
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
169
170
172
173
174
13
21
12
20
18
1.58
12.19
4
15.25
12
M
M
M
M
F
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
210
216
12
9
11
8
F
M
CH
CH
Renal Biopsy Finding
compatible with IgM
nephropathy
FSGS
FSGS
FMPGN
FGS
Not performed
Not performed
FSGS
FSGS
Minor abnormalities
FGS
Not performed
FMPGN
FSGS
Not performed
FSGS
Mesangial injury GN w IgM
deposits and global sclerosis
FSGS
Not performed
MCNS
FSGS
Diffuse Mesengial
Hypercellularity
Not performed
Poor
Prognosis
Steroid
Resistant
On CNI
therapy
Yes
Yes*
No
No
No
No
No
Yes*
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes**
Yes**
No
Yes**
No
No
No
Yes**
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes*
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes**
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
149
Patient Current Age Age At
no.
(2011)
Diagnosis Gender
220
10
4
M
223
6
5
F
231
11
9
M
232
6
3
M
235
18
9
M
236
10
7
M
239
21
3
M
244
9
2
M
252
19
17
M
253
4
4
M
254
14
11
M
255
13
11
M
3
25
21
F
4
7
3
M
40
21
1.61
M
48
33
5
M
97
32
6.5
M
98
25
3.5
M
99
12
2
M
100
19
2
M
102
13
4
m
103
17
15
M
104
13
6
M
108
14
3.88
M
109
26
19
F
111
24
3
F
Race
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
Renal Biopsy Finding
Not performed
Not performed
Not performed
FSGS
FSGS
FSGS
Not performed
FSGS
MCNS
MCNS
MCNS
FMPGN
FSGS
FSGS
FMPGN
FSGS
Minor abnormalities
MCNS
Not performed
Minimal glomerular changes
Not performed
FSGS
FSGS
Minor Abnormalities
FSGS
Not performed
Poor
Prognosis
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes*
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes*
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes*
No
Steroid
Resistant
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
On CNI
therapy
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes**
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes**
Yes
Yes
Yes**
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes**
Yes**
No
Yes**
No
150
Patient Current Age Age At
Poor
Steroid
On CNI
no.
(2011)
Diagnosis Gender Race
Renal Biopsy Finding
Prognosis
Resistant
therapy
112
22
3
F
ML
FSGS
Yes*
Yes
Yes**
126
27
2
F
ML
FSGS
Yes*
Yes
Yes**
128
8
4
F
ML
Not performed
No
No
No
135
17
2
F
ML
Not performed
No
No
No
157
15
3.87
F
ML
FGS IgM nephropathy
No
Yes
Yes
163
7
3.11
M
ML
FSGS
No
Yes
Yes
217
24
8
M
ML
Not performed
No
No
No
238
15
8.87
M
ML
MCNS
No
No
Yes
243
16
4
M
ML
MCNS
No
Yes
No
247
20
6
M
ML
IgM Nephropathy
No
No
No
FGS: Focal global glomerulosclerosis. FMPGN: Focal mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. FSGS: Focal segmental
glomerulonephritis.GN: Glomerulonephritis. MCNS: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
*Patient progressed to end‐stage renal disease. **Patient is resistant to calcineurin inhibitor.
151
Table 2: Genotyping profile of the significant SNPs for the patients.
Patient
no.
10
11
13
14
16
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
26
27
28
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
41
NPHS1
Gender
M
M
F
F
F
M
F
F
M
M
M
F
M
F
F
F
F
M
F
M
M
M
M
Race
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
c.294C>T
(I98I)
c.349G>A
(E117K)
c.2289C>T
(T763T)
c.‐51G>T
NPHS2
c.288C>T
(S96S)
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/T
T/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
G/A
A/A
A/A
G/A
A/A
G/A
G/A
G/G
G/A
G/G
A/A
G/A
G/A
G/G
G/A
G/A
G/G
G/A
G/A
A/A
A/A
G/G
G/A
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/T
T/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
G/T
G/T
G/T
G/G
G/G
G/T
G/G
G/T
G/T
G/T
G/G
G/T
G/G
G/T
G/T
G/T
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/T
G/G
G/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
c.1038A>G
(L346L)
A/G
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/G
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
152
Patient
no.
43
45
46
50
51
53
54
58
60
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
74
75
77
79
80
81
82
83
NPHS1
Gender
M
M
F
M
M
F
M
F
M
F
F
F
M
F
M
M
F
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
Race
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
c.294C>T
(I98I)
c.349G>A
(E117K)
c.2289C>T
(T763T)
c.‐51G>T
NPHS2
c.288C>T
(S96S)
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/T
A/A
G/G
G/A
A/A
G/A
G/A
G/A
G/G
G/A
A/A
G/A
A/A
G/A
G/A
G/A
G/G
G/A
G/A
G/A
G/A
G/G
A/A
G/G
G/A
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/T
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
T/T
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/T
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
c.1038A>G
(L346L)
A/A
A/A
A/G
A/G
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/G
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/G
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
153
Patient
no.
84
89
90
91
93
94
105
110
114
115
118
119
121
127
130
132
137
139
140
141
143
144
148
151
NPHS1
Gender
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
F
F
M
F
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
F
M
F
M
F
Race
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
c.294C>T
(I98I)
c.349G>A
(E117K)
c.2289C>T
(T763T)
c.‐51G>T
NPHS2
c.288C>T
(S96S)
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
G/A
G/A
G/G
G/A
G/G
G/A
G/A
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/A
G/A
G/A
A/A
G/A
G/A
G/G
A/A
G/G
G/A
G/A
G/A
A/A
G/G
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/T
T/T
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
G/G
G/T
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/T
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/T
T/T
G/G
G/T
G/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
T/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
c.1038A>G
(L346L)
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/G
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/G
A/A
A/A
A/G
A/G
A/A
A/G
A/G
A/A
A/G
G/G
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
154
Patient
no.
153
156
159
160
161
162
164
169
170
172
173
174
210
216
220
223
231
232
235
236
239
244
252
253
NPHS1
Gender
F
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
F
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Race
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
CH
c.294C>T
(I98I)
c.349G>A
(E117K)
c.2289C>T
(T763T)
c.‐51G>T
NPHS2
c.288C>T
(S96S)
T/T
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
G/G
G/A
G/A
A/A
G/A
G/A
G/A
A/A
G/A
G/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
G/A
G/A
G/A
A/A
G/G
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
G/G
G/A
T/T
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/T
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
T/T
G/T
G/G
G/T
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/T
G/G
G/G
G/T
G/G
G/T
G/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
c.1038A>G
(L346L)
A/G
A/A
A/A
A/G
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
155
Patient
no.
254
255
3
4
40
48
97
98
99
100
103
104
108
109
111
112
126
128
135
157
163
217
238
243
NPHS1
Gender
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
M
M
M
Race
CH
CH
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
ML
c.294C>T
(I98I)
c.349G>A
(E117K)
c.2289C>T
(T763T)
c.‐51G>T
NPHS2
c.288C>T
(S96S)
T/T
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
G/G
G/A
G/A
G/G
G/A
G/G
G/A
G/G
G/A
G/G
G/A
G/A
G/G
A/A
A/A
G/A
G/A
G/G
G/A
G/A
A/A
A/A
G/G
A/A
T/T
C/C
C/T
T/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
T/T
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/T
C/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/T
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/T
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/T
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
G/G
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/C
C/T
C/C
C/C
C/C
c.1038A>G
(L346L)
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/G
A/A
A/A
A/G
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/G
A/A
A/A
A/A
156
Patient
no.
247
102
NPHS1
Gender
M
M
Race
ML
ML
c.294C>T
(I98I)
c.349G>A
(E117K)
c.2289C>T
(T763T)
c.‐51G>T
NPHS2
c.288C>T
(S96S)
C/C
C/C
G/A
G/G
C/C
C/T
G/T
G/G
C/C
C/C
c.1038A>G
(L346L)
A/G
A/A
157
Appendix II: Hardy‐Weinberg Results for NPHS1 and NPHS2 variants
Table 3: Hardy‐Weinberg for Chinese controls for NPHS1 variants.
Genotype
c.170T>C (n=125)
TT
CT
c.65C>T (n=125)
CC
CT
c.151C>T (n=125)
CC
CT
c.294C>T (n=221)
CC
CT
TT
c.349G>A (n=221)
AA
GA
GG
c.494C>T (n=125)
CC
CT
c.803G>A (n=125)
GG
GA
c.1233C>T (n=125)
CC
CT
c.1339G>A (n=125)
GG
GA
c.2223C>T (n=125)
CC
CT
TT
c.2289C>T (n=1903)
CC
CT
TT
Frequency
92 (74%)
33 (26%)
124
1
119 (95%)
6 (5%)
165 (75%)
56 (25%)
0 (0%)
77 (35%)
116 (52%)
28 (13%)
125 (100%)
0 (0%)
117 (94%)
8 (6%)
125 (100%)
0 (0%)
118 (94%)
7 (6%)
108 (86%)
17 (14%)
0 (0%)
1320 (69%)
529 (28%)
54 (3%)
p‐value
0.13
1
1
0.03
0.16
1
1
1
1
1
0.93
158
c.2398C>T (n=125)
CC
CT
c.2871G>A (n=125)
GG
GA
c.3230A>G (n=221)
AA
AG
c.3315G>A (n=221)
GG
GA
AA
122 (98%)
3 (2%)
125 (100%)
0 (0%)
217 (98%)
4 (2%)
95 (43%)
101 (46%)
25 (11%)
1
1
1
0.88
159
Table 4: Hardy‐Weinberg for Malay controls for NPHS1 variants.
Genotype
c.170T>C
TT
CT
c.151C>T (n=96)
CC
CT
c.294C>T (n=185)
CC
CT
CT
c.349G>A (n=184)
AA
GA
GG
c.803G>A (n=96)
GG
GA
c.2223C>T (n=96)
CC
CT
c.2289C>T (n=185)
CC
CT
CT
c.3047G>A (n=96)
GG
GA
c.3230A>G (n=185)
AA
AG
c.3315G>A (n=184)
GG
GA
AA
Frequency
81 (84%)
15 (16%)
82 (85%)
14 (15%)
159 (86%)
24 (13%)
2 (1%)
50 (27%)
94 (51%)
40 (22%)
82 (85%)
14 (15%)
93 (97%)
3 (3%)
150 (81%)
33 (18%)
2 (1%)
96 (100%)
0 (0%)
178 (96%)
7 (4%)
23 (12%)
88 (48%)
73 (40%)
p‐value
1
1
0.27
0.77
1
1
0.7
1
1
0.75
160
Table 5: Hardy‐Weinberg for Chinese controls for NPHS2 variants.
Genotype
c.‐670C>T (n=125)
CC
CT
TT
c.‐116C>T (n=125)
CC
CT
TT
c.‐51G>T (n=125)
GG
GT
TT
c.288C>T (n=221)
CC
CT
CT
c.685G>A (n=125)
GG
GA
c.871C>T (n=125)
CC
CT
c.954T>C (n=221)
TT
TC
CC
c.1038A>G (n=221)
AA
AG
GG
Frequency
26 (21%)
65 (52%)
34 (27%)
51 (41%)
51 (41%)
23 (18%)
104 (83%)
21 (17%)
0
167 (76%)
52 (24%)
2 (1%)
125 (100%)
0
125 (100%)
0
46 (21%)
117 (53%)
58 (26%)
172 (78%)
49 (22%)
0
p‐value
0.72
0.13
1
0.54
1
1
0.42
0.084
161
Table 6: Hardy‐Weinberg for Malay controls for NPHS2 variants.
Genotype
c.‐670C>T
CC
CT
TT
c.‐116C>T (n=96)
CC
CT
TT
c.‐51G>T (n=96)
GG
GT
TT
c.288C>T (n=185)
CC
CT
CT
c.954T>C (n=184)
TT
TC
CC
c.1038A>G (n=185)
AA
AG
GG
Frequency
19 (20%)
50 (52%)
27 (28%)
42 (44%)
45 (47%)
9 (9%)
73 (76%)
22 (23%)
1 (1%)
158 (85%)
26 (14%)
1 (1%)
33 (18%)
92 (50%)
59 (32%)
159 (86%)
25 (14%)
1 (1%)
p‐value
0.69
0.65
1
1
0.88
1
162
Appendix III: Linkage disequilibrium results for NPHS1 and NPHS2 variants
Table 7: Linkage disequilibrium for NPHS1 variants in Chinese.
c.170T>C
c.‐170T>C
c.65C>T
c.65C>T
D’: 0.65
p=0.002
c.151C>T
c.151C>T
D’: 0.97
p=0.298
D’: 0.23
pT
c.294C>T
D’: 0.76
pA
c.349G>A
D’: 0.78
pT
D’: 0.77
p=0.74
D’: 0.026
p=0.79
D’: 0.019
p=0.88
D’: 0.79
p=0.73
D’: 0.92
p=0.41
c.803G>A
c.803G>A
D’: 0.98
p=0.19
D’: 0.22
p=0.0038
D’: 0.99
pT
c.1233C>T
D’: 0.96
p=0.023
D’: 0.026
p=0.79
D’: 0.019
p=0.88
D’: 0.96
p=0.029
D’: 0.94
p=0.30
D’: 0.32
p=0.50
D’: 0.012
p=0.94
c.1339G>A
c.1339G>A
D’: 0.99
p=0.13
D’: 0.72
p=0.80
D’: 0.83
p=0.70
D’: 0.99
p=0.11
D’: 0.69
p=0.024
D’: 0.0053
p=0.98
D’: 0.89
p=0.62
D’: 0.0053
p=0.98
c.2223C>T
c.2223C>T
D’: 0.77
pG
D’: 0.95
p=0.43
D’: 0.098
p=0.99
D’: 0.48
p=0.90
D’: 0.95
p=0.40
D’: 0.19
p=0.67
D’: 0.026
p=0.79
D’: 0.64
p=0.95
D’: 0.026
p=0.79
D’: 0.72
p=0.80
D’: 0.91
p=0.57
D’: 0.96
p=0.32
D’: 0.28
p=0.95
D’: 0.026
p=0.79
c.3315G>A
*Values in bold: Significant LD between the SNPs
163
c.3315G>A
D’: 0.24
p=0.13
D’: 0.98
p=0.16
D’: 0.74
p=0.15
D’: 0.23
p=0.12
D’: 0.14
p=0.062
D’: 0.97
pC c.151C>T
c.294C>T
c.349G>A
c.803G>A
c.170T>C
c.151C>T
D’: 0.99
p=0.17
c.294C>T
D’: 0.84
pT
c.3047G>A
c.3230A>G
c.3315G>A
c.2223C>
T
D’: 0.99
pT
c.‐116C>T
c.‐116C>T
D’: 0.76
pT
D’: 0.83
pT
c.288C>T
D’: 0.92
pA
c.685C>A
D’: 0.93
p=0.33
D’: 0.95
p=0.207
D’: 0.71
p=0.79
D’: 0.66
p=0.82
c.871C>T
c.871C>T
D’: 0.98
p=0.15
D’: 0.98
p=0.064
D’: 0.90
p=0.64
D’: 0.88
p=0.68
D’: 0.97
pC
c.954T>C
D’: 0.86
pT
c.954T>C
c.1038A>G
c.‐51G>T
D’: 0.99
pT
D’: 0.99
p=0.0001
D’: 0.55
p=0.083
D’: 0.99
p=0.11
c.954T>C
D’: 0.85
pT (p.Ile98Ile)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
ASVELRCGVSTPGSAVQWAKDGLLLGPDPRIPGFPRYRLEGDPARGEFHLHIEACDLSDD
TTVKLWCGVRAPGSVVQWAKDGLLLGPNPKMPGFPRYSLEGDRAKGEFHLLIEACDLSDD
STVKLWCGVRAPGSVVQWAKDGLLLGPNPKIPGFPRYSLEGDSAKGEFHLLIEACDLSDD
AVAELRCGVRAPGSAVQWAKDGLLLGPDPRIPSFPRYRLEGDPAKGEFHLHIEACDLSDD
ASVELRCGVSTPGSAVQWAKDGLLLGPDPRIPGFPRYRLEGDPARGEFHLHIEACDLSDD
ATAELQCGVHAPGSVVQWAKDGLLLGPDPRIPRFPRYRLEGDPSRGEFHLHIEACDLSDD
c.349G>A (p.Glu117Lys)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
AEYECQVGRSEMGPELVSPRVILSILVPPKLLLLTPEAGTMVTWVAGQEYVVNCVSGDAK
AEYECQVGRSELGPELVSPKVILSILVSPKVLLLTPEAGSTVTWVAGQEYVVTCVSGDAK
AEYECQVGRSELGPELVSPSVILSILVSPKVLQLTPEAGSTVTWVAGQEYVVTCVSGDAK
AEYECQVGRSETGPELVSPRVILSILVPPKVLQLTPEAGSTVTWVAGQEYTVSCVSGDAK
AEYECQVGRSETGPELVSPRVILSILVPPKLLLLTPEAGTMVTWVAGQEYVVSCVSGDAK
AEYECQVGRSETGPELVSPRVILSVLVPPKVLQLTPEAGSTVTWVAGQEYVVTCVSGDAK
c.494C>T (p.Ala165Val)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
AEYECQVGRSEMGPELVSPRVILSILVPPKLLLLTPEAGTMVTWVAGQEYVVNCVSGDAK
AEYECQVGRSELGPELVSPKVILSILVSPKVLLLTPEAGSTVTWVAGQEYVVTCVSGDAK
AEYECQVGRSELGPELVSPSVILSILVSPKVLQLTPEAGSTVTWVAGQEYVVTCVSGDAK
AEYECQVGRSETGPELVSPRVILSILVPPKVLQLTPEAGSTVTWVAGQEYTVSCVSGDAK
AEYECQVGRSETGPELVSPRVILSILVPPKLLLLTPEAGTMVTWVAGQEYVVSCVSGDAK
AEYECQVGRSETGPELVSPRVILSVLVPPKVLQLTPEAGSTVTWVAGQEYVVTCVSGDAK
167
c.803G>A (p.Arg268Glu)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
PIKASFTVNVLFPPGPPVIEWPGLDEGHVRAGQSLELPCVARGGNPLATLQWLKNGQPVS
PIKASFTMNILFPPGPPVIDWPGLNEGHVRAGENLELPCTARGGNPPATLQWLKNGKPVS
PIKASFTMNILFPPGPPVIDWPGLNEGHVRAGENLELPCIARGGNPPATLQWLKNGKPVS
PIKASFTMNVLFPPGPPVIEWPGLDEGQVRAGQSLELLCTARGGNPLATLQWLKNGQPVS
PIKASFTVNVLFPPGPPVIEWPGLDEGHVRAGQSLELPCVARGGNPLATLQWLKNGQPVS
PIRVSVTMNVLFPPGPPVIEWPGLDEGHVRAGQSLELLCVARGGNPPATLQWLKNGQPMS
c.1233C>T (p.Asn411Asn)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
RREDNGLTLTCEAFSEAFTKETFKKSLILNVKYPAQKLWIEGPPEGQKLRAGTRVRLVCL
RREDNGLPLTCEAFSDAFSKETFKKSLTLNVKYPAQKLWIEGPPEGQYIRTGTRVRLVCL
KREDNGLSLTCEAFSDAFSKETFKKSLTLNVKYPAQKLWIEGPPEGQSIRTGTRVRLVCL
RREDNGLTLTCEAFSEAFTKETFKKSLTLNVKYPAQKLWIEGPPEGQRLRAGNRVRLVCL
RREDNGLTLTCEAFSEAFTKETFKKSLILNVKYPAQKLWIEGPPEGQKLRAGTRVRLVCL
RREDNGLTLTCEAFSEAFTKETFKKSLTLNVKYPAQKLWIEGPPEGQRLRAGTRVRLVCL
c.1339G>A (p.Glu447Lys)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
RREDNGLTLTCEAFSEAFTKETFKKSLILNVKYPAQKLWIEGPPEGQKLRAGTRVRLVCL
RREDNGLPLTCEAFSDAFSKETFKKSLTLNVKYPAQKLWIEGPPEGQYIRTGTRVRLVCL
KREDNGLSLTCEAFSDAFSKETFKKSLTLNVKYPAQKLWIEGPPEGQSIRTGTRVRLVCL
RREDNGLTLTCEAFSEAFTKETFKKSLTLNVKYPAQKLWIEGPPEGQRLRAGNRVRLVCL
RREDNGLTLTCEAFSEAFTKETFKKSLILNVKYPAQKLWIEGPPEGQKLRAGTRVRLVCL
RREDNGLTLTCEAFSEAFTKETFKKSLTLNVKYPAQKLWIEGPPEGQRLRAGTRVRLVCL
c.2223C>T (p.Thr741Thr)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
WNVTRADDGLYQLHCQNSEGTAEARLRLDVHYAPTIRALQDPTEVNVGGSVDIVCTVDAN
WNVTRADDGFYQLHCQNSEGTAEALLKLDVHYAPTIRALRDPTEVNVGGSVDIVCTVDAN
WNVTRADDGFYQLHCQNSEGTAEALLKLDVHYAPTIRALKDPTEVNVGGSVDIVCTVDAN
WNVTRADDGLYQLHCQNSEGTAEALVRLDVQYAPTIRALQDPTEVNVGDSVDIVCTVDAN
WNVTRADDGLYQLHCQNSEGTAEALLRLDVHYAPTIRALQDPTEVNVGGSVDIVCTVDAN
WNVTRADDGLYQLHCQNSEGTAETLVRLDVHYAPTIRALQDPTEVNIGGSVDIVCTVDAN
c.2289C.T (p.Val763Val)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
WNVTRADDGLYQLHCQNSEGTAEARLRLDVHYAPTIRALQDPTEVNVGGSVDIVCTVDAN
WNVTRADDGFYQLHCQNSEGTAEALLKLDVHYAPTIRALRDPTEVNVGGSVDIVCTVDAN
WNVTRADDGFYQLHCQNSEGTAEALLKLDVHYAPTIRALKDPTEVNVGGSVDIVCTVDAN
WNVTRADDGLYQLHCQNSEGTAEALVRLDVQYAPTIRALQDPTEVNVGDSVDIVCTVDAN
WNVTRADDGLYQLHCQNSEGTAEALLRLDVHYAPTIRALQDPTEVNVGGSVDIVCTVDAN
WNVTRADDGLYQLHCQNSEGTAETLVRLDVHYAPTIRALQDPTEVNIGGSVDIVCTVDAN
c.2398C>T (p.Arg800Cys)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
PILPGMFNWERLGEDEEDQSLDDMEKISRGPTGRLRIHHAKLAQAGAYQCIVDNGVAPPA
PILPEMFSWERLGEEEEDLNLDDMEKVSKGSTGRLRIRQAKLSQAGAYQCIVDNGVAPAA
PILPEMFSWERLGEDEEELNLDDMEKMSKGSTGRLRIRQAKLSQAGAYQCIVDNGVAPAA
PILPEMFNWERLGEEGEDQNLDDMEKMSKGSTGRLRIHHAKLTQAGAYQCIVDNGVAPPA
PILPGMFSWERLGEDEEDQSLDDMEKISRGPTGRLRIHHAKLAQAGAYQCIVDNGVAPPA
PILPEMFSWERLGEEEEDQSLDDMEKISKGSTGRLRIHHAKLAQAGAYQCIVDNGVAPPA
168
c.2871G>A (p.Val957Val)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
LKVVSLTPHSVGLEWKPGFDGGLPQRFCIRYEALGTPGFHYVDVVPPQATTFTLTGLQPS
LKVVSISPHSVGLEWKPGFDGGLPQRFQIRYEALETPGFLHVDVLPTQATTFTLTGLKPS
LKVVSVSPHSVGLEWKPGFDGGLPQRFQIRYEALESPGFLYMDVLPAQATTFTLTGLKPS
LKAVSMTPYSVGLEWKPGFDGGLPQRFQIRYEALETPGFLYMDVLPPQATTFTLTGLQPS
LKVVSLTPHSVGLEWKPGFDGGLPQRFCIRYEALGTPGFHYVDVLPPQATTFTLTGLQPS
LKVVSMTPYSVGLEWKPGFDGGLPQKFQIRYEALGTPGFLYMDVLPPDATTFTLTGLQPS
c.3230A>G (p.Asn1077Ser)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
FALGGLLLLSNASCVGGVLWQRRLRRLAEGISEKTEAGSEEDRVRNEYEESQWTGERDTQ
FAVGGLLLLSNASCVGGLLWRRRLRRLAEEISEKTEAGS-EDRIRNEYEESQWTGDRDTR
FAVGGLLLLSNASCVGGLLWRRRLRRLAEEISEKTEAGSEEDRIRNEYEESQWTGDRDTR
LAVGGLLLLSNASCVGGFLWQRRLKRLAEGISEKTETGSEEDRVRNEYEESQWTGDRDTR
FALGGLLLLSNASCVGGVLWQRRLRRLAEGISEKTEAGSEEDRVRNEYEESQWTGERHTQ
FAVGGLLLLSNISCVGGFLWQRRLRRLAEGISEKTETGSEEDRVRNEYEDSRWTGDQDTR
c.3315G>A (p.Ser1105Ser)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
FALGGLLLLSNASCVGGVLWQRRLRRLAEGISEKTEAGSEEDRVRNEYEESQWTGERDTQ
FAVGGLLLLSNASCVGGLLWRRRLRRLAEEISEKTEAGS-EDRIRNEYEESQWTGDRDTR
FAVGGLLLLSNASCVGGLLWRRRLRRLAEEISEKTEAGSEEDRIRNEYEESQWTGDRDTR
LAVGGLLLLSNASCVGGFLWQRRLKRLAEGISEKTETGSEEDRVRNEYEESQWTGDRDTR
FALGGLLLLSNASCVGGVLWQRRLRRLAEGISEKTEAGSEEDRVRNEYEESQWTGERHTQ
FAVGGLLLLSNISCVGGFLWQRRLRRLAEGISEKTETGSEEDRVRNEYEDSRWTGDQDTR
169
NPHS2 (Podocin)
c.288C>T (p.Ser96Ser)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
SGRAGTPGEPRAPAA--TVVDVDEVRGSGEEGTEVVALLESERPEEGTKSSGLGACEWLL
AGRMGTREEHRAPAA--TVVNVDEVRSPGEEGRKVVALLESERPEEGIKPSGLGACEWLL
TGRTATRGEPRAPAATATVVDVDEVRGPGEEGTEVVALLESERPEEGIKPSGLGACEWLL
LGRAGSPGEPRAPAA--TVVDVDEVRGSGEEGTEVVALLESERPEEGTKSSSLGACEWLL
LPDGQGPXEPRAPAA--TVVDVDEVRGSGEEGTEVVALLESERPEEGTKSSGLGACEWLL
KERRHPTKHRRSHTS-HGREATGEWARLGTTNAAREARSGFLWPRKSTKSSGLGACEWLL
c.871C>T (p.Arg291Trp)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
RQAKVRMIAAEAEKAASESLRMAAEILSGTPAAVQLRYLHTLQSLSTEKPSTVVLPLPFD
RQAKVRVIAAEGEKAASESLRMAAEILSGTPAAVQLRYLHTLQSLSTDKPSTVVLPLPFD
RQAKVRVIAAEGEKAASESLRMAAEILSGTPAAVQLRYLHTLQSLSTEKPATVVLPLPFD
RQAKVRMIAAEGEKAASESLRMAAEILSGTPAAAQLRYLHTLQSLSTEKPSTVVLPLPFD
RQAKVRMIAAEGEKAASESLRMAAEILSGTPAAVQLRYLHTLQSLSTEKPSTVVLPLPFD
RQAKVRVIAAEGEKAASEALRRAAEILAATPAAVQLRYLHTLQSLSTDRPSTVVLPLPFD
c.954T>C (p.Ala318Ala)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
RQAKVRMIAAEAEKAASESLRMAAEILSGTPAAVQLRYLHTLQSLSTEKPSTVVLPLPFD
RQAKVRVIAAEGEKAASESLRMAAEILSGTPAAVQLRYLHTLQSLSTDKPSTVVLPLPFD
RQAKVRVIAAEGEKAASESLRMAAEILSGTPAAVQLRYLHTLQSLSTEKPATVVLPLPFD
RQAKVRMIAAEGEKAASESLRMAAEILSGTPAAAQLRYLHTLQSLSTEKPSTVVLPLPFD
RQAKVRMIAAEGEKAASESLRMAAEILSGTPAAVQLRYLHTLQSLSTEKPSTVVLPLPFD
RQAKVRVIAAEGEKAASEALRRAAEILAATPAAVQLRYLHTLQSLSTDRPSTVVLPLPFD
c.1038A>G (p.Leu346Leu)
Human
Rat
Mouse
Cattle
Chimpanzee
Dog
DLRLQTLEIPFHEIVTKDMFIMEIDAICYYRMENASLLLSSLAHVSKAVQFLVQTTMKRL
DLRLQTLEIPFHEVVTKDMFIMEIDAVCYYRMENASLLLSSLAHVSKAIQFLVQTTMKRL
DLRLQTLEIPFHEVVTKDMFIMEIDAVCYYRMENASLLLSSLAHVSKAIQFLVQTTMKRL
DLRLQTLEIPFHEIVTKDMFVMEIDAICYYRMENASLLLNSLAHVSKAVQFLVQTTMKRL
DLRLQTLEIPFHEIVTKDMFIMEIDAICYYRMENASLLLSSLAHVSKAVQFLVQTTMKRL
DLRLQTLEIPFHEVVTKDMFIMEIDAICYYRMENASLLLSSLAHVSKAIQFLMQTTMKRL
170
[...]... c.65C>T (n= 125 ) CC CT c.151C>T (n= 125 ) CC CT c .29 4C>T (n =22 1) CC CT TT c.349G>A (n =22 1) AA GA GG c.494C>T (n= 125 ) CC CT c.803G>A (n= 125 ) GG GA c. 123 3C>T (n= 125 ) CC CT c.1339G>A (n= 125 ) GG GA c .22 23C>T (n= 125 ) CC CT TT c .22 89C>T (n=1903) CC CT TT Frequency 92 (74%) 33 (26 %) 124 1 119 (95%) 6 (5%) 165 (75%) 56 (25 %) 0 (0%) 77 (35%) 116 ( 52% ) 28 (13%) 125 (100%) ... c.‐670C>T (n= 125 ) CC CT TT c.‐116C>T (n= 125 ) CC CT TT c.‐51G>T (n= 125 ) GG GT TT c .28 8C>T (n =22 1) CC CT CT c.685G>A (n= 125 ) GG GA c.871C>T (n= 125 ) CC CT c.954T>C (n =22 1) TT TC CC c.1038A>G (n =22 1) AA AG GG Frequency 26 (21 %) 65 ( 52% ) 34 (27 %) 51 (41%) 51 (41%) 23 (18%) 104 (83%) 21 (17%) 0 167 (76%) 52 (24 %) 2 (1%) 125 (100%) 0 125 (100%) ... 117 (94%) 8 (6%) 125 (100%) 0 (0%) 118 (94%) 7 (6%) 108 (86%) 17 (14%) 0 (0%) 1 320 (69%) 529 (28 %) 54 (3%) p‐value 0.13 1 1 0.03 0.16 1 1 1 1 1 0.93 158 c .23 98C>T (n= 125 ) CC CT c .28 71G>A (n= 125 ) GG GA c. 323 0A>G (n =22 1) AA AG c.3315G>A (n =22 1) GG GA AA 122 (98%) 3 (2% ) 125 (100%) 0 (0%) 21 7 (98%) 4 (2% ) 95 (43%)... Frequency 19 (20 %) 50 ( 52% ) 27 (28 %) 42 (44%) 45 (47%) 9 (9%) 73 (76%) 22 (23 %) 1 (1%) 158 (85%) 26 (14%) 1 (1%) 33 (18%) 92 (50%) 59 ( 32% ) 159 (86%) 25 (14%) 1 (1%) p‐value 0.69 0.65 1 1 0.88 1 1 62 Appendix III: Linkage disequilibrium results for NPHS1 and NPHS2 variants Table 7: Linkage disequilibrium for NPHS1 variants in Chinese. ... D’: 0.0053 p=0.98 D’: 0.89 p=0. 62 D’: 0.0053 p=0.98 c .22 23C>T c .22 23C>T D’: 0.77 pT NPHS2 c .28 8C>T (S96S) T/T C/C ... p=0.19 D’: 0 .22 p=0.0038 D’: 0.99 pT c. 123 3C>T D’: 0.96 p=0. 023 D’: 0. 026 p=0.79 D’: 0.019 p=0.88 D’: 0.96 p=0. 029 D’: 0.94 p=0.30 D’: 0. 32 p=0.50 D’: 0.0 12 p=0.94 c.1339G>A c.1339G>A D’: 0.99 p=0.13 D’: 0. 72 p=0.80 D’: 0.83 p=0.70 D’: 0.99 p=0.11 D’: 0.69 p=0. 024 D’: 0.0053 ... Patient no. 24 7 1 02 NPHS1 Gender M M Race ML ML c .29 4C>T (I98I) c.349G>A (E117K) c .22 89C>T (T763T) c.‐51G>T NPHS2 c .28 8C>T (S96S) C/C C/C G/A G/G C/C C/T G/T G/G C/C C/C c.1038A>G (L346L) A/G A/A 157 Appendix II: Hardy‐Weinberg Results for NPHS1 and NPHS2 variants Table 3: Hardy‐Weinberg for Chinese controls for NPHS1 variants. Genotype c.170T>C (n= 125 ) TT CT ... p=0.50 D’: 0.0 12 p=0.94 D’: 0.0 32 p=0.50 D’: 0.0053 p=0.98 D’: 0. 62 p=0.85 D’: 0.96 p=0.061 D’: 0. 023 p=0.83 c. 323 0A>G c. 323 0A>G D’: 0.95 p=0.43 D’: 0.098 p=0.99 D’: 0.48 p=0.90 D’: 0.95 p=0.40 D’: 0.19 p=0.67 D’: 0. 026 p=0.79 D’: 0.64 p=0.95 D’: 0. 026 p=0.79 D’: 0. 72 p=0.80 D’: 0.91 p=0.57 D’: 0.96 p=0. 32 D’: 0 .28 p=0.95 D’: 0. 026 p=0.79 ... (20 11) Diagnosis Gender 22 0 10 4 M 22 3 6 5 F 23 1 11 9 M 23 2 6 3 M 23 5 18 9 M 23 6 10 7 M 23 9 21 3 M 24 4 9 2 M 25 2 19 17 M 25 3 4 4 M 25 4 14 11 M 25 5 ... A/A A/A 154 Patient no. 153 156 159 160 161 1 62 164 169 170 1 72 173 174 21 0 21 6 22 0 22 3 23 1 23 2 23 5 23 6 23 9 24 4 25 2 25 3 NPHS1 Gender F M M M F M M M M M M ... 0.93 158 c .23 98C>T (n= 125 ) CC CT c .28 71G>A (n= 125 ) GG GA c. 323 0A>G (n =22 1) AA AG c.3315G>A (n =22 1) GG GA AA 122 (98%) 3 (2% ) 125 (100%) 0 (0%) 21 7 (98%) 4 (2% ) 95 (43%)