hướng dẫn tự học hóa học 12

www.tuhoc.edu.vn – —C—OR', O VD1: CH3COOCH3, HCOOCH3, CH3OCO–COOCH3. RCOOR' O R—C—O—R' RCOOH + R'OH ↽ H ,to ⇀ RCOOR' + H2O (1) Este no. (2) Este không no. • • • VD2: nH2nO2. A) CH3COOH. C) HCOOCH3. B) CH2(COOH)2. D) CH2=CH–CH2OH. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn A) HCOOH. C) (COOCH3)2. B) (COOH)2. D) HCOOC2H5. không A) CH3COOCH2CH3. C) HCOOCH3. B) CH3COCH3. D) C6H5COOCH3. không A) CH3OOCCH3. C) HOOCCH3. B) HCOOCH3. D) CH2=CHCOOCH3. O O 3–C–O–CH2CH2–O–C–CH3 A) CH3COOCH2OOCCH3. C) CH3COOCH2COCH3. B) CH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH3. D) CH3COOCH2CH2COCH3. O 3–O–C–C2H5 A) CH3OCOC2H5. C) C2H5COOCH3. B) CH3OOCC2H5. D) A) CH3COOCH3. C) (COOCH3)2. B) (COOH)2. D) (CH2CHO)2. 2=CHCOOCH3 A) B) C) D) 3OOC–COOCH3 este A) B) C) D) htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn A 3COO–CH2CH2–OCOCH3 A) B) C) D) B A) CnH2nO2 (n 2). C) CnH2n–2O2 (n 3). B) CnH2nO (n D) CnH2n+2O2 (n A) CnH2n–2O2 (n C) CnH2n–2O4 (n B) CnH2n–4O4 (n 2). D) CnH2nO4 (n 3) 1). C 2). 4). D A) B) C) D) E 4H8O2 A) 5. B) 2. C) 4. F TOPPER. Chú ý D) 6. 5H10O2 A) 4. B) 6. C) 8. D) 9. A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D) 8. A) 5. B) 2. C) 4. D) 6. G H I htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog A) HCOOC2H5 CH3COOCH3. B) C2H3COOC2H5 C2H5COOC2H5. C) C2H5COOCH3 HCOOCH(CH3)2. D) HCOOCH2CH2CH3 CH3COOC2H5. www.tuhoc.edu.vn Danh pháp RCOOH RCOO + H+ VD3: Ion CH3COO fomat; ion CH2=CHCOO acrylat. VD4: CH3COO—CH3 axetat metyl axetat. metyl HCOO—CH=CH2 fomat vinyl fomat. vinyl J A) fomic. C) benzoat. K B) axetat. D) fomat. 6H5COO A) benzoic. C) benzoat. TOPPER. Chú ý B) stiren. D) axetat. L CH2=C(CH3)-COOH axit metacrylic. 2=C(CH3)COO B) benzoat. D) metacrylat. A) acrylat. C) fomat. M (a) HCOOCH3. (c) CH2=C(CH3)COOC2H5. (e) C6H5COOCH3. 2=CH-CH2- (b) CH2=CHCOOCH3. (d) CH3COOCH=CH2. (f) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2. anlyl 6H 56H5CH2- htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog N 3OCO–COOCH3 A) C) O (a) etyl fomat. (c) phenyl axetat. (e) benzyl acrylat. B) D) (b) vinyl axetat. (d) anlyl axetat. www.tuhoc.edu.vn ancol, phenol, axit cacboxylic. — TOPPER. Chú ý • RCOOR' + H2O ↽ • RCOOR' + NaOH H ,to ⇀ RCOOH + R'OH. to RCOONa + R'OH. O LiAlH4 R—C—O—R' ancol. VD5: CH3COOCH3 LiAlH4 to CH3CH2OH + CH3OH. P H ,to ⇀ (a) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O ↽ to (b) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH (c) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH to (d) (COOCH3)2 + NaOH to (e) (CH2OCOCH3)2 + NaOH Q (a) RCH2OH + R'OH. to to O CH2–O–C–CH3 + H2 O ↽ H ,to ⇀ CH2–O–C–CH=CH2 O (b) O O CH3O–C–CH=CH–C–OCH3 + NaOH to htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn Nhóm –COOH 2O CO2 H2 Không Nhóm –COO– Không R 4H8O2 ancol A) 2. B) 3. C) 6. D) 4. B) 2. C) 4. D) 1. S C4H8O2 A) 3. T 2H4O2 A) 2. B) 5. C) 4. U D) 3. 4H8O2 A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D) 5. V X (C5H10O2) + NaOH Y + HCl T T + Ag2O/NH3 Z H2SO4 (®Æc) 180 oC to (NH4)2CO3 + Ag. but–2–en + H2O. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn • H ,to 2O ↽ ⇀ Axit + Ancol A ancol, B axit. • axit không 3OH + CO W xt to CH3COOH. 4H8O2 A) metanol. C) axit fomic. B) etyl axetat. D) etanol. X X Y (MX < MY A) metyl propionat. C) etyl axetat. Y B) metyl axetat. D) vinyl axetat. 6H10O4 A) CH3OCO–CH2–COOC2H5. B) C2H5OCO–COOCH3. C) CH3OCO–COOCH3. D) CH3OCO–CH2CH2–COOC2H5. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn TOPPER. Chú ý VD6: CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH CH2=CH ↽ ⇀ CH3CH=O CH3COONa + CH2=CH–OH H—O Z (a) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH (b) HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH (c) HCOOCH=CHCH3 + NaOH (d) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH a Cho este sau: etyl fomat (1); vinyl axetat (2); metyl acrylat (3); ancol A) 1, 2, 3. C) 2, 3, 4. B) 1, 3, 4. D) 1, 2, 4. b sinh ancol A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn • TH1: • TH2: 1). 2) c 4H6O2 A) 4. B) 3. C) 5. D) 6. d 4H6O2 A) HCOOCH=CHCH3. C) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2. B) HCOOCH2CH=CH2. D) CH3COOCH=CH2. e A) HCOOCH=CH2. C) HCOOCH3. B) CH3COOCH=CH2. D) CH3COOCH=CHCH3. f Este X (C4HnO2) A) CH3COOCH2CH3. C) CH3COOCH=CH2. NaOH to Y AgNO3 NH3 ,to Z NaOH to C2H3O2Na. ã cho B) CH2=CHCOOCH3. D) HCOOCH2CH2CH3. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn R' O hay RCOOC6H4R' R—C—O— • —O este to RCOO–C6H4R' + NaOH RCOONa + R'C6H4OH. • R'C6H4OH + NaOH nNaOH neste R'C6H4ONa + H2O. nNaOH neste • • VD7: CH3COOC6H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C6H5OH C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O CH3COOC6H5 + 2NaOH CH3COONa + C6H5ONa + H2O. g (a) HCOOC6H5 + NaOH (b) CH3COO(p–C6H4–CH3) + NaOH TOPPER. Chú ý h X NaOH (d−) to Y A) axit axetic, phenol. B) anhiđrit axetic, phenol. C) anhiđrit axetic, natri phenolat. D) axit axetic, natri phenolat. 2O. i htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog Phenyl axetat 9H10O2. A) CH3COOCH2C6H5. C) C6H5COOC2H5. Cho X tác B) HCOOC6H4C2H5. D) C2H5COOC6H5. 10 www.tuhoc.edu.vn 2 2, (A) 59,46%. (C) 26,83%. 2. (B) 42,31%. (D) 19,64%. PV RT n 14% SO2 nO 0, (mol) nN 0, (mol) N2 Vì N2 nN 0, (mol) (sau P¦ ) nN (sau nY P¦ ) %N2 = 0, =0,9434 (mol). 0, 848 n = nX – nY= – 0,9434 = 0,0566 (mol). nSO to 4FeS2 + 11O2 0, 9434.14 100 0,132 (mol). 2Fe2O3 + 4SO2 to 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 nFeS nFeS nO (P¦) nSO (sinh 11 nFeS n 4 FeS2 nFeS 2nFeS ra) n = (a + 2b) – ( a (2) a (mol) b (mol) 11 a b (mol). 4 a 2b (mol). 11 3 b)= a b = 0,0566 (mol) 4 3a + 3b = 0,2264 ( ) nSO ) ( htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog (1) a 2b 0,132 a b ( ) 0, 0189 0, 0565 19,64 % . www.tuhoc.edu.vn D loãng (dư), thu KMnO4, BaCl2, Cl2 (A) 4. Hòa tan hoàn toàn Fe3O4 2SO4 3)2, ă (B) 6. (C) 5. (D) 7. E 2SO4 +6 SO2)? (A) Fe3O4. (C) FeCO3. (B) FeS. (D) Fe(OH)2. F H2SO4 (A) FeS. (B) FeS2. (C) FeO (là (D) FeCO3. G 3O4 (A) 1394,90. (C) 1311,90. H (B) 1325,02. (D) 959,59. Hoà tan hoàn toàn 0,1 mol FeS2 200 ml dung đư đa trình trên, m (A) 12,8. (B) 6,4. N +5 (C) 9,6. (D) 3,2. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 10 www.tuhoc.edu.vn Câu C A C A D C D B A A C B C C B D D E B F C G B H A htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 11 www.tuhoc.edu.vn 22s22p63s23p63d54s1. 21 Crom (II): CrO, Cr(OH)2, CrCl2. Crom (III): Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, Cr2(SO4)3. Crom (VI): CrO3, H2Cr2O7, K2Cr2O7, NaCrO4. + O2, to Cr2O3 (r) + NH3 CrO3 o H2O CrCl3 (r) Cr +2 + HCl + H2SO4 (l) + Cl2 Cr + Br2 +3 OH– Cr(OH)2 +6 Cr Cr + SO2, KI + Zn H+ H2CrO4, H2Cr2O7 H+ + (O2 + H2O) Cr(OH)3 OH– [Cr(OH)4]– Tính oxi hóa. có tính axit. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn (A (B (C (D 3+ (A) [Ar]3d6. (B) [Ar]3d5. (C) [Ar]3d4. (D) [Ar]3d3. (A) –2, –3, +6. (C) +2, +3, +6. (A) +2. (B) +2, +4, +6. (D) +3, +5. 2Cr2O7 (B) +6. (D) +12. (C) +3. (A) Cr2O3, Cr(OH)2, CrCl3. (C) Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrCl3. (B) CrO3, Cr(OH)3, Cr2(SO4)3. (D) CrO, KCrO4, Na2Cr2O7. A) CrCl2. (A) Ag. B) CrCl3. (B) Au. (A) 2Cr + O2 (C 2S3. C) CrO3. (C) Fe. D) Cr2O3. (D) Cr. không đúng? (B) 2Cr + 3Cl2 (D) 3Cr + N2 3. 3N2. Cho phương trình: M + 2HCl → MCl2 + H2. M không sau đây? (A) Mg. (B) Cr. (C) Fe. (D) Al. A (A) Al, Mg, Cr. (C) Fe, Cr, Al. H2SO4 (B) Cu, Au, Ag. (D) Na, K, Ba. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn B Trong câu sau đây, câu không đúng? (A) Crom (B) Crom kim (C (D C Phát 2. 2. không so sánh tính (A) 2SO4 (B) (C) (D) D (A) không đúng? (B) (C) (D) E (A) CrO3, FeO, CrCl3, Cu2O. (C) Fe2O3, Cu2O, Cr2O3, FeCl2. (B) Fe2O3, Cu2O, CrO, FeCl2. (D) Fe3O4, Cu2O, CrO, FeCl2. F (A) (B) (C) không đúng? 3. Cr2+. (D) Crom(VI) oxit oxit bazơ. G aK2Cr2O7 + bFeSO4 + cH2SO4 (A) 10. (B) 15. dCr2(SO4)3 + eFe2(SO4)3 + fK2SO4 + gH2O (C) 12. (D) 26. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn H 2SO4 2CrO4 (A) (B) (C) (D) I (A) (B) (C) (D) J 2(SO4)3, sau 2O2 (A) không màu. (B) vàng. K (A) (C) xanh tím. (C) da cam. không (B) tính. (C) CrO3 (D) 2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO, Cr(OH)2 òn L (A) Cr(OH)3 sai? 3+ (B) (C) (D) thành Cr. 3. oxi hóa CrO2 thành CrO42 . M Cr (A) CrCl2 Cr(OH)3. (C) CrCl3 K2CrO4. Cl2 (d−), to X KOH (®Æc, d−) + Cl2 Y (B) CrCl3 K2Cr2O7. (D) CrCl2 K2CrO4. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn N (B.09 – 148): Cr(OH)3 KOH x (Cl2 + KOH) Y H2SO4 Z (FeSO4 + H2SO4 ) T (A) K2CrO4; KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3. (B) KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; Cr2(SO4)3. (C) KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; CrSO4. (D) KCrO2; K2CrO4; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn 31 22s22p63s23p63d104s1. 41 2, CuSO4. Cu(OH)2 CuSO4 xanh [Cu(NH3)4]2+ NH3 Cu(OH)2 OH– + (HCl + O2), HNO3, H2SO4 + dd FeCl3, AgNO3 H+ + O2 (không khí), to Cu CuSO4.5H2O Cu(NO3)2.3H2O Cu2+ (dd) không khí, 1000 oC 3), to Cu2 to CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 (r) + khí Cl2 khô CuCl2 (r) Tính oxi hóa. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn O (A (C (B (D P 2+ (A) [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d84s1. (B) [Ar]4s23d9 [Ar]4s23d7. (C) [Kr]3d94s2 [Kr]3d9. (D) [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d9. Q (A) + 2, +3. (C) 0, +2. (B) +1, +2. (D) +2, -2. R (A) Cu, Al, Fe, Ag. (C) Al, Fe, Cu, Ag. (B) Ag, Al, Cu, Fe. (D) Ag, Cu, Al, Fe. S (A (C (B (D T (A) 2Cu + O2 (B) Cu + S (C) Cu + Cl2 không đúng? +t + to 2CuO. CuS. o +t (D) Cu + 2HCl U (A) Cu + Pb(NO3)2 (C) Cu + H2SO4 VC o CuCl2. CuCl2 + H2. (B) (D) Cu + HCl (loãng) + O2 òa tan khí oxi (A (B) htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog (C (D www.tuhoc.edu.vn W (A) Mg. (B) Al. (C) Cu. X (D) Fe. → Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O. Sau (A) 6. (C) 2. (B) 6. (D) 8. Y (A) NaOH. (C KNO3 (B) HCl. (D Z (4) HNO3 3, (2) FeCl2, (3) H2SO4 (A) (1), (3), (5). (C) (1), (3), (4). (B) (1), (2), (3). (D) (1), (4), (5). a (A) Cu – Ni. (C) Cu – Zn. (B) Cu – Sn. (D) Cu – Au. b CuO không (A) CO. (B) Cu. (C) N2. c (A) Cu(OH)2. (C) CuSO4. (D) Al. không (B) Cu(NO3)2. (D) CuCO3.Cu(OH)2. d (A (B (C (D OH)2 đúng? e (A) 1. 2SO4 (B) 3. (C) 2. (D) 4. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn f (A) [Cu(NH3)4]OH. (C) [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2. (B) [Ag(NH3)2]OH. (D) [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2. g (A) CuO. (C) CuSO4 khan. (B) quì tím. (D) Cu(OH)2 khan. h + O2 , to CuFeS2 X + O2 , to (A) Cu2O, CuO. (C) Cu2S, CuO. Y + X, to Cu (B) CuS, CuO. (D) Cu2S, Cu2O. i (B.07 – 285): to (1) Cu2O + Cu2S (3) CuO + CO (A) 2. to (B) 3. (2) Cu(NO3)2 (4) CuO + NH3 (C) 1. to to (D) 4. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog www.tuhoc.edu.vn 51 Ag Au Ni Zn Sn Pb +1 +3 +2 +2 +2, +4 +2, +4 inoc. – Công hóa. Ag + 2HNO3 AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O 4Ag + 2H2S + O2 2Ag2S↓ + 2H2O – Vàng: Au + HNO3 + 3HCl – Niken: 2Ni + O2 Ni + Cl2 o 500 C to Zn + H2SO4 AuCl3 + 2H2O + NO↑ 2NiO NiCl2 ZnSO4 + H2↑ 2O Sn + O2 : 3HCl) to to Na2[Zn(OH)4] + H2↑ SnO2 3Sn + 8HNO3 (loãng) 3Sn + 16HNO3 – Chì: 3Sn(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O 3Sn(NO3)4 + 4NO + 8H2O Na2[Sn(OH)6] + 2H2↑ 2O 3Pb + 8HNO3 (loãng) 3Pb(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O 2O to Na2[Pb(OH)4] + H2↑ htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 10 www.tuhoc.edu.vn j không (A) Pb2+ + Sn Pb + Sn2+. (B) Sn2+ + Ni Sn + Ni2+. (C) Pb2+ + Ni Pb + Ni2+. (D) Sn2+ + Pb Pb2+ + Sn. k 2+, Zn2+, Ag+, Sn2+, Au3+. Ion (A) Pb2+ Ni2+. (B) Ag+ Zn2+. (C) Au3+ Zn2+. (D) Ni2+ Sn2+. l (A (B (C (D 2SO4 loãng. 3PO4. 3. m (A (B (C) ion Ag+ + (D n (A) oxi không khí oxi hóa. (B 2. (C 2S. (D 2O O2 có không khí. o 2+ 2+ (A (B 2Cr3+ + 3Sn. Câu sau 2+ (C) Sn2+ 3+ (D) Cr3+ 2+ htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 11 www.tuhoc.edu.vn p Ni2+ 2+/Ni? (A) Pb2+/Pb. (B) Cu2+/Cu. (C) Sn2+/Sn. (D) Cr3+/Cr. q (A) : 1. – (B) : 1. r (A) 3. s (A (D + Sn2+ + H+ 2Cr2O7 (B) 6. Mn2+ + Sn4+ + H2 (C) : 1. + HCl (D) : 2. KCl + CrCl3 + H2O + Cl2. Trong (C) 8. 3. (D) 14. (B (D 2SO4 4, H2SO4. htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 12 www.tuhoc.edu.vn Câu Câu Câu D J B b C D K B c C C L B d A B M C e C C N D f C C O C g C D P D h B A Q B i A D R D j D A C S B k C B B T D l D C C U D m C D D V D n C E A W C o B F D X C p D G C Y C q D H C Z D r B I A a C s D htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 13 [...]... HCOOC4H9 và CH3COOC3H7 D) CH3COOC2H5 và HCOOC3H7 3 www.tuhoc.edu.vn C CH3COOCH3 2H5 2H5 A) 400 ml C) 150 ml và B) 300 ml D) 200 ml A) 60 ml C) 600 ml và B) 300 ml D) 120 ml D E CH3COOCH3 2SO4 A) 4,05 B) 8,10 C) 18,00 o D) 16,20 F 2SO4 A) 12, 6 B) 6,3 C) 11,2 D) 5,6 G 4H8O2 oC 2SO4 A) 1,8 B) 1,6 C) 3,6 Sau khi các D) 2,7 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 4 www.tuhoc.edu.vn R(COOR')a + aNaOH R(COONa)a + aR'OH (RCOO)bR'... CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COONa + C2H5OH (c) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH (d) (COOCH3)2 + 2NaOH htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog to (e) (CH2OCOCH3)2 + 2NaOH to CH3COONa + CH2=CHCH2OH (COONa)2 + 2CH3OH to (CH2OH)2 + 2CH3COONa 12 www.tuhoc.edu.vn Q O CH2–O–C–CH3 CH2–OH (a) + 2H2O ↽ H ,to ⇀ CH2–O–C–CH=CH2 CH3COOH + CH2–OH CH2=CHCOOH O O O (b) CH3O–C–CH=CH–C–OCH3 + NaOH to NaOOC CH=CH COONa + 2CH3OH V X = HCOOCH(CH3)CH2CH3 Z =... 27,9 – 0,05 40 = 25,9 (gam) 68a+ 82b = 25,9 (gam) 1 và 2 2 a = 0,2; b = 0,1 htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog 3 www.tuhoc.edu.vn 7 2 A) HCOOCH2CH2CH3 C) C2H5COOCH3 B) CH3COOCH2CH3 D) HCOOCH(CH3)2 8 2 A) 10,2 B) 12, 3 C) 14,1 D) 18,9 2 V là A) 4,48 B) 2,464 2 C) 3,36 D) 3,808 A gam H2 2 A) CH2=C(CH3)–COOH C) HOOC–(CH2)3–COOH B CO2 A) CH2=CH–OH C) CH3CH2OH và 1,152 B) CH2=CH–COOH D) CH3CH2COOH 2 B) CH3OH D) CH2=CH–CH2OH . ml. D) 200 ml. D A) 60 ml. B) 300 ml. C) 600 ml. D) 120 ml. E 2 H 5 và CH 3 COOCH 3 2 SO 4 o A) 4,05. B) 8,10. C) 18,00. D) 16,20. F 2 SO 4 A) 12, 6. B) 6,3. C) 11,2. D) 5,6. G 4 H 8 O 2 2 SO 4 o C fomat +NaOH, t o (1) A C (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 H (2) o 3 3 AgNO /NH ,t (3) B o 3 3 AgNO /NH ,t (3) D A – D. 12 www.tuhoc.edu.vn htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog Câu 1 C 2 D 3 B 4 C 5 B 6 D 7 C 8 B 9 D A C B A C