Foreign interventions in lebanon allusions of benevolence

WILLIAMS COLLEGE LIBRARIES Your unpublished thesis, submitted for a degree at Williams College and administered by the Williams College Libraries, will be made available for research use. You may, through this form, provide instructions regarding copyright, access, dissemination and reproduction of your thesis. _ The faculty advisor to the student writing the thesis wishes to claim joint authorship in this work. In each section, please check the ONE statement that reflects your wishes. I. PUBLICATION AND QUOTATION: LITERARY PROPERTY RIGHTS A student author automatically owns the copyright to his/her work, whether or not a copyright symbol and date are placed on the piece. The duration of U.S. copyright on a manuscript--and Williams theses are considered manuscripts--is the life of the author plus 70 years. _ I1we not choose to retain literary property rights to the thesis, and I wish to assign them immediately to Williams College. Selectmg this win to the This in no way a student author frorn later his/her the student however. need to contact the Archives for a form. The /\rchives would be free in this case to also to another researcher to sma!! sections from the thesis. would there be any reason for the Archi ves to grant to another party to the thesis in its . if such a sltlJation arose, the Archives would be in touch with the author to let thenl know that such a request had been made. _I1we wish to retain literary property rights to the thesis for a period of three years, at which time the literary property rights shall be assigned to Williams College. Selectmg this the author a few years to make exdusi ve use of the thesis in resear'C!l, etc. ~ I1we wish to retain literary property rights to the thesis for a period of nn-C01-lIl rl" -==== years, or until my death, whichever is the later, at which time the literary property rights shall be assigned to Williams College. Selectlllg this allows the author great HI or the time of his/her aut01natic period. Some students are interested in their thesis in gr::lduate school work. In this case, it would make sense for them to enter a number such as 'to m the and line out the words 'or until my whichever is the later.' In any evenL it is easier for the Archives to adrninister on a if the ends with the individuafs death--our staff won't have to search for estate executors in this case--but this is PnlWC"" up to each student. II, ACCESS The Williams College Libraries are investigating the posting of theses online, as well as their retention in hardcopy. ~ Williams College is granted permission to maintain and provide access to my thesis in hardcopy and via the Web both on and off campus. Seiectmg this work. aJJows researchers around the world to access the version of your __ Williams College is granted permission to maintain and provide access to my thesis in hardcopy and via the Web for on-campus use only. Selecting this option a]]ows access to the digital version of your work from the on··campus network only __ The thesis is to be maintained and made available in hardcopy form only. Se!ectlllg this option allows access to your work only from the hardcopy you submit. Such access including any media that it comprises or inc] udes. pertains to the entirety of your III. COPYING AND DISSEMINAnON Because theses are listed on FRANCIS, the Libraries receive numerous requests every year for copies of works. If/when a hardcopy thesis is duplicated for a researcher, a copy of the release form always accompanies the copy. Any digital version of your thesis will include the release form. ~~ Copies of the thesis may be provided to any researcher. Selecting this option allows any researcher to request a copy from the \Villiams College Libraries. or to make one from an electronic version. __ Copying of the thesis is restricted for _ any researcher. years, at which time copies may be provided to This option allows the author to set a time limit on copying restrictions. Dnring this electronic version of the thesis will be protected against duplication. an __ Copying of the thesis or portions thereof, except as needed to maintain an adequate number of research copies available in the Williams College Libraries, is expressly prohibited. The electronic version of the thesis will be protected against duplication. Selecting this option allows no reproductions to be made for researchers. The electronic version of the thesis will be protected against duplication. This option does not dis··alJow researchers from reading/viewing the work in either hardcopy or digital form. Signed (student author) Signatures Removed Signed (faculty advisor) Thesis title Foreign Interventions in Lebanon: Allusions of Benevolence Date May 15, 2008 Accepted for the Libraries _ Date accepted~/f [...]... Understanding, or at least examining, the paradoxes of the Lebanese state is critically important in reviewing the history of U.S intervention in Lebanon Interventions, for a variety of reasons, often fed the instability, rather than calming it, especially when internal balances were ignored The following chapters will attempt to illustrate the chaotic history of Lebanon that Fisk describes as "one of both... troops to Lebanon and assess the intervention's success to provide the first window into how American interests operated in Lebanon Evaluating the effects of that intervention allows us to further examine the fragile nature of the Lebanese state Chapter Three will continue the story when, after years of apparent stability following U.S involvement, Lebanon appeared to fall apart in a matter of months... Doctrine 3 Eisenhower outlined Russia's desires in sinister and frightening terms, claiming her plans were those of evil "power politics" and explaining to Congress that, "considering her announced purpose of Communizing the world, it is easy to understand her hope of dominating the Middle East.,,4 These assertions were in many ways overblown and not a complete reflection of reality Soviet interest in. .. to examine the flaws of American or Israeli policy This was certainly how the Israeli folly into Lebanon was explained in Israel "The most popular explanation of all," explains Tom Friedman, "was that the reason Lebanon turned into a mess wasn't Israel's fault at aU; it was Lebanon' s fault.,,17 A third side of the prism of this conflict reflects on the complications of placing this incursion into the... wars, by focusing on the historical backgrounds of the factions that comprise the Lebanese matrix, this chapter will help to explain the root causes of inter-Lebanese strife Chapter Two will discuss the U.S intervention in Lebanon in the 1958 Civil War, which was the first outbreak of internecine fighting in Lebanon It will describe President Dwight Eisenhower's assumptions behind the dispatch of 15,000... sacked in 680 near the town of Karbala in modem day Iraq "In death, Hussein left the Shiites a legacy of ultimate protest," explains Mackey "Through his example, Shiism early attached its roots to a doctrine of selfless sacrifLce in the name of God against forces of tyranny and oppression." Mackey, Lebanon: A House Divided, 58 51 Khashan, Inside the Lebanese Corifessional Mind, 14 52 Mackey, Lebanon: ... 1960), 11 15 16 INTRODUCTION 9 win and they lose!,,19 This incredibly binary, black/white view meant that anything "we did" to "win" was "good." As Inis Claude Jr explains, "The applier ofthe just war doctrine normally finds villains and heroes in each conflict to which he addresses himself ,,20 But as Claude also explains there are actually three logical positions in the just war doctrine: that war... Civil War, or the Palestinian Intifada, but it is difficult to find a book dealing directly with American involvement in Lebanon While there is a dearth of historical analysis of these interventions, there is plenty of source material to work from Journalists who witnessed Beimt's carnage have written prolifically and often questioned the U.S.'sreasons for becoming so involved in such a weak country... necessarily of a people, but of the most powerful, and often most radical, groups within that country A careful study of Lebanon can serve as a cautionary tale for any country that considers military intervention as a straight forward way to impose authority in a foreign land Nevertheless, few historians appear to have approached Lebanon as a subject for examining intervention's role in the history ofthe... theme separately, together they broaden this inquiry beyond what happened in Lebanon and why to the what and why of American interventions in the Middle East in general Studying and exploring this incident will also address the fundamental question of why the U.S government, filled with "foreign policy experts" so often seems to fail to do its homework properly in the Middle East and falls victim to umealistic . the use of U.S. Marines to calm civil strife in Lebanon in 1958, and focus predominantly on the invasion of Lebanon by key U.S. ally Israel in 1982 and the placement of a U.S. led MNF in Beirut. _ Date accepted~/f <;' Jt t FOREIGN INTERVENTIONS IN LEBANON: ALLUSIONS OF BENEVOLENCE by JIMMY BIERMAN Magnus Bernhardsson, Advisor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts. the barracks of the United States Marine contingent of a peacekeeping Multi-National Force (MNF) at the Beirut International Airport in Lebanon. Most of the members of the 24th Marine Amphibious