Giáo trình sử dụng latex

DIGITAL TYPOGRAPHY USING LaTeX Apostolos Syropoulos Antonis Tsolomitis Nick Sofroniou Springer DIGITAL TYPOGRAPHY USING LATEX Springer New York Berlin Heidelberg Hong Kong London Milan Paris Tokyo Apostolos Syropoulos Antonis Tsolomitis Nick Sofroniou DIGITAL TYPOGRAPHY USING LATEX With 68 Illustrations Apostolos Syropoulos 366, 28th October St. GR-671 00 Xanthi GREECE apostolo@ocean1.ee.duth.gr Antonis Tsolomitis Dept. of Mathematics University of the Aegean GR-832 00 Karlobasi, Samos GREECE atsol@iris.math.aegean.gr Nick Sofroniou Educational Research Centre St. Patricks College Drumcondra, Dublin IRELAND nick.sofroniou@erc.ie Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Syropoulos, Apostolos. Digital typography using LaTeX / Apostolos Syropoulos, Antonis Tsolomitis, Nick Sofroniou. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 0-387-95217-9 (acid-free paper) 1. LaTeX (Computer file) 2. Computerized typesetting. I. Tsolomitis, Antonis. II. Sofroniou, Nick. III. Title. Z253.4.L38 S97 2002 686.22544dc21 2002070557 ACM Computing Classification (1998): H.5.2, I.7.2, I.7.4, K.8.1 ISBN 0-387-95217-9 (alk. paper) Printed on acid-free paper. Printed on acid-free paper. â 2003 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed in the United States of America. SPIN 10791970 Typesetting: Pages created by the authors using LATEX www.springer-ny.com Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg A member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH Dedicated to the fond memory of Mikhail Syropoulos, my beloved brother, to my parents, Georgios and Vassiliki, and to my son, Demetrios-Georgios. A.S. To my parents, Panagiotis and Evangelia, and to my wife, Angeliki. A.T. To my father, Andreas Sofroniou, who introduced me to computers when they were few and far between. N.S. C Foreword by Yannis Haralambous xv Preface xxv Introduction 1.1 What Is TEX? . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Logical versus Visual Design . . . 1.3 Preparing a Document with LATEX 1.4 How Does TEX Typeset? . . . . . . 1.5 More Information and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 10 11 e File Structure 2.1 e Characters We Type . . . . . . 2.2 Document Classes and Pa ages . 2.3 Sectioning Commands . . . . . . . 2.4 e Document Title . . . . . . . . 2.5 Basic Logos . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Article Preparation . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Le er Preparation . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Producing Proceedings Articles . 2.9 Combining Individual LATEX Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 13 17 20 26 28 29 31 33 34 Fonts and eir Use 3.1 Classication of Fonts . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Accessing more Glyphs . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 Euro Font . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 e wasysym Fonts . . . . . . . 3.2.3 Phonetic Fonts . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Automated Special Glyphs Selection . 3.4 Size-Changing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 39 46 50 50 52 53 56 3.5 C Advanced Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lists and Catalogs 4.1 Units of Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Typese ing Poetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1 Customizing the Standard Lists . . 4.4 otations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.1 Customizing Footnotes . . . . . . 4.5.2 Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Simulating Typed Text . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.1 Advanced Typed Text Simulation 4.7 Centering and Flushing Text . . . . . . . 4.8 Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8.1 e tabbing Environment . . . . . 4.8.2 e tabular Environment . . . . . 4.9 More on Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 61 63 64 66 68 69 71 73 74 75 77 78 79 80 84 Typese ing Mathematics 5.1 e Mathematics Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Font Selection in Mathematics Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Symbols for the Mathematics Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.1 Special Latin Alphabets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.2 e Greek Le ers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.3 Accents in Math Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.4 Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.5 Variable-Size Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.6 Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.7 Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.8 Relational Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.9 Miscellaneous Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.10 More Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.11 Other Mathematics Font Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 e Art of Typese ing Mathematical Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.1 Exponents, Indices, Fractions, and Roots . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.2 Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.3 One Above the Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.4 Horizontal Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.5 Integrals and Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.6 Matrices, Arrays, and Nonanalytically Dened Functions 5.4.7 eorems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.8 Customizing the theorem Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 93 94 95 95 96 97 98 99 99 99 100 102 103 107 107 107 109 111 113 113 115 117 119 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.4.9 Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.10 Size Selection in Math Modes . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.11 Commutative Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e AMS Classes and Pa ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.1 Additional Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.2 Accents in Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.3 Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.4 Nonbreaking Dashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.5 Over and Under Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.6 Multiple Integral Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.7 Radicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.8 Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.9 Axing Symbols to Other Symbols . . . . . . . 5.5.10 Fractions and Related Constructs . . . . . . . . . 5.5.11 e \smash Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.12 Operator Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.13 e \mod Command and its Relatives . . . . . . 5.5.14 e \text Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.15 Integrals and Sums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.16 Commutative Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.17 Displayed Equations and Aligned Structures . . 5.5.18 Numbering Equations and Referencing . . . . . 5.5.19 Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.20 Boxed Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.21 Customizing eorems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.22 Options of the amsmath Pa age . . . . . . . . . 5.5.23 Converting from Standard LATEX to the AMS Pa 5.5.24 e amsart Top Ma er Commands . . . . . . . . From to MML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Generating OMDoc Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . More on the Core 6.1 Labels and References . . . . . 6.2 Hyper-references . . . . . . . . 6.3 Horizontal and Vertical Space 6.3.1 Length Variables . . . . 6.3.2 Horizontal Space . . . . 6.3.3 Vertical Space . . . . . . 6.4 Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Floating Objects . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Marginal Notes . . . . . . . . . 6.7 Page Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 126 126 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 131 132 132 132 133 133 134 134 134 135 135 138 140 140 141 142 143 143 144 148 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 151 155 163 163 164 166 168 170 178 179 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 6.8 6.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 185 187 196 199 203 207 208 211 213 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 215 216 217 218 220 222 225 225 Bibliography and Index 8.1 Preparing the Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 Using BTEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.1 e BTEX Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2.2 Typese ing a Bibliographic Database . . . . 8.2.3 Multiple Bibliographies in One Document . 8.2.4 Bibliography in a Multilingual Environment 8.3 Preparing the Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 in a Multilingual Environment . . . . . 8.5 Customizing the Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 Glossary Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 229 231 236 237 237 238 241 244 245 247 Graphics 9.1 Drawing with the picture Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.1 Invisible and Framed Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.2 Lines and Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.3 Circles and Curved Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.4 e Construction of Pa erns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.5 An Example of the Calculation of the Area of a Square 9.1.6 A Diagram for the Calculation of the Area of a Circle . 9.1.7 Box-and-Whisker Plots in the Style of John W. Tukey . 9.1.8 A Sca er Plot of Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 253 254 255 256 256 257 258 259 261 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 Page Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e Preparation of Slides . . . . . . 6.9.1 Advanced Slide Preparation . Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10.1 Fancy Boxes . . . . . . . . . . New Commands . . . . . . . . . . . New Environments . . . . . . . . . New Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . File Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LATEX linteractive . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous Pa ages 7.1 e calc Pa age . . . . . . . . 7.2 e ifthen Pa age . . . . . . . 7.3 Syntax Che ing . . . . . . . . 7.4 Typese ing CD Covers . . . . 7.5 Drop Capitals . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Preparing a Curriculum Vitae 7.7 Multicolumn Typese ing . . . 7.8 Hyphenatable Le er Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S I \o (ứ), \ocircle (wasysym math. #), CP, , \ocp, \ocplist, \ocptracelevel, \octagon (wasysym polygon 8), \oddsidemargin, \odelcode, \odot (math. bin. op. ), DVI le, , , \OE (), \oe (), \oeng, \officialeuro (e), , \og, \ogana, ), \oiiint (txfonts op. \oiiintclockwise (txfonts op. ), ), \oiiintctrclockwise (txfonts op. \oiint (txfonts op. ), v \oiint (wasysym math. ), \oiintclockwise (txfonts op. ), \oiintctrclockwise (txfonts op. ), \oin (rel. op. 1), H \oint (var. size op. ), \ointclockwise (txfonts op. ), \ointctrclockwise (txfonts op. ), \ojaso, \olddatelsorbian, \olddateusorbian, \oldstylenums, \omathaccent, \omathchar, \omathchardef, \omathcode, OMD, omdocout environment, , \Omega (Gr. let. ), \omega (Gr. let. ), mode ebcdic, onebyte, twobyte, twobyteLE, Omega-j, , \omegaup (txfonts symb. ), \OmegaVersion, \ominus (math. bin. op. ), omi ed item (err. msg.), ommetadata environment, \ondatemagyar, \onlyInPDF, \onlyInPS, \onlynotes, \OnlySlide, \onlySlide, \onlyslides, , \onum, \opening, \openJoin (txfonts bin. rel. ), \openo (wasysym phonet. l), \opentimes (txfonts bin. rel. ), \operatorname, \operatorname*, , \oplus (math. bin. op. ), \opposition (wasysym zod. W), \oradical, \originalTeX, \oslash (math. bin. op. ), otherlanguage environment, otherlanguage* environment, \otimes (math. bin. op. ), TP, , , , , \OutputMode, S I outpu ing errors, \OutputTranslation, \oval, \Ovalbox, \ovalbox, \overbrace, overlay environment, \overlays, \overleftarrow, , \overleftrightarrow, \overline, overpic environment, \overrightarrow, , \overset, \overwithdelims, , , , , P \P (ả), \p@enumi, \p@enumii, pa age accentbx, afterpage, alltt, amsfonts, amsmath, , , amssymb, , , amsthm, , amsxtra, appendix, arabtex, arabwin, armtex, array, , , athnum, aurora, avant, avantgar, babel, , , , , , , , , , , , , bar, bibmods, bookman, calc, , ccaption, cd-cover, chancery, chapterbib, charter, cherokee, cite, citesort, cmbright, color, , colortbl, concrete, copte, coptic, courier, cypriot, czech, dcolumn, delarray, , eepic, endfloat, endnotes, enumerate, eso-pic, ethiop, etruscan, eucal, euler, europs, eurosym, everyshi, fancybox, , fancyhdr, float, fontenc, geometry, graphics, graphicx, , S I greek4cbc, greek6cbc, grmath, grnumalt, hangul, helvet, hfont, hhline, , hieroglf, hyper-xr, hyperref, , , , , ifthen, , indentfirst, inputenc, , , isiri, iso88596, iso9036, itrans, kuvio, lambda, , lamsarrow, latex2omdoc, latexsym, latexsym, layout, letterspace, , , lettrine, linearb, longtable, , lscape, makeidx, mathbbol, , mathpazo, mathptm, mathrsfs, mflogo, mls, moonttf, morefloats, moreverb, multibbl, , multicol, multido, multind, mxd, mxedruli, ncntrsbk, ntheorem, ocherokee, oinuit, oldgerm, oldprsn, omega, , omega v. 1999/06/01, overcite, overpic, palatcm, palatino, , pandora, pb-diagrams, pb-lams, pb-xy, pdftricks, phoenician, phonetic, picinpar, pict2e, pictex, pifont, placeins, polski, prelim2e, preview, proof, protosem, psfrag, pst-3d, pst-blur, pst-cal, pst-char, pst-coil, pst-eps, pst-grad, pst-lens, S I pst-node, pst-plot, pst-slpe, pst-text, pstricks, , romanian, rotating, runic, showtags, slovak, soul, soyombo, srcltx, subfigure, supertabular, , syntonly, t1enc, , , tabularx, , teubner, textcase, textcomp, thai, theorem, times, , txfonts, ugarite, ulem, , url, utf8, utopia, varioref, verbatim, vietnam, vmargin, wasysym, wrapfig, xr, xucuri, yhmath, , , page (counter), \pagebottomoffset, \pagebreak, , \pagecolor, \pagedir, \pagenumbering, , \pageref, , \pagerightoffset, \pagestyle, Palatino, \paperheight, , papers environment, \paperwidth, , \par, , , \paragraph, paragraph (counter), \parallel (rel. op. ), \parbox, , \pardir, parentequation (counter), \parindent, , , , \parskip, \part, part (counter), \partial (misc. math. sym. ), pashto environment, pashtop environment, \patch@level, \PDForPS, pdfTEX, \PDFtransition, \ped, \pempvet, \peng, \pentagon (wasysym polygon D), Perl, , , , , , , , , \permil (wasysym symb. h), \Perp (txfonts bin. rel. ), \perp (rel. op. ), \pevare, (font editor), , PFA le, PFB le, \pgana, S I \phantom, , \Phi (Gr. let. ), \phi (Gr. let. ), \phiup (txfonts symb. ), \phncfamily, \phone (wasysym symb. ), \photon (wasysym phys. symb. ::::), \Pi (Gr. let. ), \pi (Gr. let. ), , picture environment, \pisces (wasysym zod. f), \Pisymbol, \pitchfork (rel. op. t), \piup (txfonts symb. ), \pjaso, PK le, , , plain TEX, , PLATEX, \plot, \plotsymbol, plus, \pluto (wasysym astr. \), \pm (math. bin. op. ), pmatrix environment, \pmhgfamily, \pmod, \pod, \pointer (wasysym symb. ), \popocplist, \poptabs, , \postcaption, \postimportauthor, \postimportdate, \postimporttitle, \postmainauthor, \postmaindate, \postmaintitle, \pounds (Ê), \Pr, \prec (rel. op. ), \precapprox (rel. op. w), \precaption, \preccurlyeq (rel. op. 4), \preceq (rel. op. ), \preceqq (txfonts bin. rel. ), \precnapprox (rel. op. ), \precnsim (rel. op. ), \precsim (rel. op. -), \PrelimText, \PrelimWords, Preview-LATEX, \prime (misc. math. sym. ), \primo, \printindex, Q \prod (var. size op. ), \projlim, proof environment, , \propto (rel. op. ), \protect, , , , , \protofamily, \providenewcommand, \ProvidesFile, \ps, , , \psfrag, \Psi (Gr. let. ), \psi (Gr. let. ), \psiup (txfonts symb. ), \pubfont, \PUBLIC, \published, , \PushButton, \pushocplist, \pushtabs, , \put, \put (PICTEX command), \putrectangle, \putrule, Python, Q \q, \qbezier, \qed, , S I \qedhere, \qedsymbol, , \qoppa (), \qquad, \quad, , \quarternote (wasysym music ), \quarto, quiet mode, quotation environment, , quote environment, , \quotedblbase (), \quotesinglbase (), quoting environment, \renewcommand*, \renewenvironment, , \renewpagestyle, \renewtheoremlisttype, \RequirePackage, \Reset, \resetso, \resetul, \reversemarginpar, \rfloor (Math delim. ), \rfloor (math. delim. ), \rfoot, \rgroup (math delim. ;), R \R, \r, \radical, \raggedbottom, \raggedleft, , \raggedright, , , \raisebox, \raisetag, \rangle (math. delim. ), \rbag (txfonts delim. ), \rceil (math. delim. ), \Re (misc. math. sym. ), \real, \recorder (wasysym symb. ), \ref, , , , , , \reflectbox, \refstepcounter, \reftextafter, \reftextbefore, \reftextfaceafter, \reftextfacebefore, \reftextfaraway, \reftextlabelrange, \reftextpagerange, \relax, , \removeafterocplist, \removebeforeocplist, \renewcommand, , , \RHD (wasysym math. ), \rhd (txfonts bin. op. ), \rhd (wasysym math. ), \rhd (math. bin. op. ), \rhead, \rho (Gr. let. ), \rhoup (txfonts symb. ), \right, , \RIGHTarrow (wasysym symb. ), \Rightarrow (math. arrow ), \rightarrow (math. arrow ), \rightarrowtail (math. arrow ), \RIGHTCIRCLE (wasysym circ. 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[...]... use its extended capabilities: $ elatex example.tex This is e-TeX, Version 3.14159-2.1 (Web2C 7.3.1) (example.tex LaTeX2 e Babel and hyphenation patterns for american, english, greek, loaded (/usr/local/teTeX/share/texmf/tex /latex/ base/article.cls Document Class: article 2000/05/19 v1.4b Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/local/teTeX/share/texmf/tex /latex/ base/size10.clo)) No file... $ latex example This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2C 7.3.1) (example.tex LaTeX2 e Babel and hyphenation patterns for american, english, greek, loaded (/usr/local/teTeX/share/texmf/tex /latex/ base/article.cls Document Class: article 2000/05/19 v1.4b Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/local/teTeX/share/texmf/tex /latex/ base/size10.clo)) (example.aux) [1] (example.aux) ) Output written... PDF file: $ pdflatex example This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159-13d (Web2C 7.3.1) (example.tex [/usr/local/teTeX/share/texmf/tex/pdftex/base/pdftex.cfg] LaTeX2 e Babel and hyphenation patterns for american, english, greek, loaded Configured for pdftex use [1997/11/26] (/usr/local/teTeX/share/texmf/tex /latex/ base/article.cls Document Class: article 2000/05/19 v1.4a Standard LaTeX document... \begin{document} Hello from \LaTeXe! \end{document} For the moment, you should not pay any a ention to what you have typed Now, suppose that the resulting text file is called example.tex If we enter the following command at the prompt (e.g., an MS-DOS prompt of Microso Windows or a Unix A xterm), L TEX will process our file and it will generate, among others, a DVI file: $ latex example This is TeX, Version... frequently, we provide a web page with all the Web links of this book e page also contains some other information regarding this book and it is located at http://ocean1.ee.duth.gr/ LaTeXBook/ and mirrored at http://iris.math.aegean.gr/LaTeXBook/ Apostolos Syropoulos Xanthi, Greece   Antonis Tsolomitis Samos, Greece   Ni Sofroniou Dublin, Ireland   June, 2002 1 I Computer Science is a fast growing... logo, we use small caps to write the program name (e.g., ) But the reader is warned to enter the program name with lowercase le ers when a empting to use them So, for example, the reader must type latex and dvips in order A to use L TEX and  A nowledgments In this book, we present forma ing tools for very many languages, and naturally we do not speak most of them So we had to ask for help from... typese ing, the simplification of the font access A process, and more For more information regarding the L TEX3 project, the interested A reader should consult the L TEX project Web page at http://www .latex- project.org e reader may wonder why the name of the TEX system is wri en in this way and, moreover, how one should pronounce the name of the system First of all the system’s name is wri en this way... Configured for pdftex use [1997/11/26] (/usr/local/teTeX/share/texmf/tex /latex/ base/article.cls Document Class: article 2000/05/19 v1.4a Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/local/teTeX/share/texmf/tex /latex/ base/size10.clo)) (example.aux) [1[/usr/local/teTeX/share/texmf/tex/pdftex/base/standard.map]] (example.aux) ) Output written on example.pdf (1 page, 15680 bytes) . DIGITAL TYPOGRAPHY USING LaTeX Apostolos Syropoulos Antonis Tsolomitis Nick Sofroniou Springer DIGITAL TYPOGRAPHY USING L A T E X Springer New York Berlin Heidelberg Hong. Apostolos. Digital typography using LaTeX / Apostolos Syropoulos, Antonis Tsolomitis, Nick Sofroniou. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 0-387-95217-9 (acid-free paper) 1. LaTeX. York Berlin Heidelberg Hong Kong London Milan Paris Tokyo Apostolos Syropoulos Antonis Tsolomitis Nick Sofroniou DIGITAL TYPOGRAPHY USING L A T E X With 68 Illustrations Apostolos Syropoulos Antonis Tsolomitis 366, 28th