ôn tập ngữ pháp tiếng anh lớp 10

GRAMMAR – ENGLISH 10 UNIT 9 1. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TYPE 1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra If clause Main clause S + Vo / Vs/es Be ( is, am, are) S + will/shall/can/must/have to/has to/ought to/may + Vo 1 EX: If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach. If someone phones me, tell them to leave a message. TYPE 2: Điều kiện không thật ở hiện tại EX: If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the beach.(e.g It is now raining outside.) If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle. TYPE 3: Điều kiện không thật ở quá khứ EX: If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we would have gone to the beach.(e.g It rained heavily yesterday.) If I had known she was ill yesterday, I would have come to visit her. (e.g You didn’t know she was ill yesterday.) If he had worked harder, he could have passed the exams. (e.g he didn’t work hard.) If we had brought a map with us, we mightn’t have got lost. (e.g You didn’t bring a map with you) S + SHOULD + Vo ( KĐ) 2. SHOULD ( nên ; đáng lẽ nên) cho lời khuyên S + SHOULD + Not + Vo ( PĐ) SHOULD + S + Vo ? ( NV) Ex : You should / should not arrive late UNIT 10: CONSERVATION If clause Main clause S + V2/ed To be: Were / weren’t S + would/could/should/might + Vo If clause Main clause S + HAD + V3/ED S + would have/could have/might + have + V3/ed 2 The passive voice: Cõu b ng S + V + O + S + BE + V3 /-ed . by + O. (chia theo thỡ cuỷa caõu chuỷ ủoọng) Ex: - She usually takes my car. My car is usually taken by her. - He has sent his son to another school. His son has been sent to another school. Thỡ Ch ng B ng 1 Hin ti n V 1/s,es + O am / is / are + V 3/ed + by+O 2 Quỏ kh n V 2/ed + O was / were + V 3/ed + by+O 3 Hin ti tip din am/ is / are + Ving + O am/ is /are + being + V 3/ed + by+O 4 Quỏ kh tip din was / were + Ving + O was / were + being + V 3/ed + by+O 5 Hin ti hon thnh has / have + V 3/ed + O has / have + been + V 3/ed + by+O 6 Quỏ kh hon thnh had + v 3/ed + O had + been + v 3/ed + by+O 7 Tuong lai will + V 0 + O will / + be + V 3/ed + by+O (Nguyờn mu) 8 ng t khim khuyt be going to / would/may / might must + Vo+ O can / could be going to / would/may / might must + be + V 3/ed + by+O can / could (Nguyờn mu) 3 UNIT 12: MUSIC I. WH QUESTION( who, where, what, which, when , how , why) 1. DÙNG VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ “ TOBE” WH+ BE +S + COMPLEMENT ? :BE TUỲ THEO THÌ, COMPLEMENT CÓ THỂ KHÔNG CÓ. EX: What are you doing?, where is she?, when were we silent? 2. DÙNG VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG. WH + DO, DOES/ DID+ S + Vo? EX: Where do you go?, What does she study?, When did they begin? 3. ĐỐI VỚI CÁC THÌ HOÀN THÀNH WH + HAS, HAVE/ HAD +S +V3/ED? EX: Why has she gone to school?, What had you eaten? 4. ĐỐI VỚI “ MODAL VERBS” HAY WILL, SHALL, WOULD, SHOULD( May, can, must, could, might, ought to, have to là modal vers) WH + MODAL VERBS + S + VO? EX: Why must you go?, where may she come?, what can she do?, What will she do? 5. HOW How much + N( không đếm được luôn ở số ít) EX: how much money have you got? How many +N( đếm được ở số nhiều) EX: how many students are there in your class? How far: bao xa, how long : bao lâu, how often : mấy lần, thường không, how old : bao nhiêu tuổi…… II.TO INFINITIVE TO TALK ABOUT PURPOSES( Động từ Nguyên mẫu mục đích) TO + Vo EX: He works to get money. = He works in order to get money… 4 To + Vo = In order to + Vo, So as to + Vo: để mà UNIT 13: FILM AND CINEMA 1. ADJ of attitude ( tính từ chì thái độ) - Một số đông từ khi thêm ing hoặc thên ed dùng như tính từ. - Các từ này có nghĩa tương tự nhưng cách dùng khác nhau. • Tính từ tận cùng là ING dùng cho vật có tính chủ động còn ED cho người có tính bị động. • Cách xác định: khi dùng ING OR ED xác định chủ từ, nếu trong câu có tân ngữ thì ưu tiên tân ngữ hơn, nếu câu có 2 tân ngữ thì ưu tiên tân ngữ gần nhất. EX: That movie is interesting. I am interested in that movie The movie make me interested. 2. IT WAS NOT UNTIL…… THAT( MÃI ĐẾN KHI) S+ DIDN’T + Vo + UNTIL… IT WAS NOT UNTIL…… THAT + S + V2/ED… EX: she didn’t get home until 9:00pm It was not until 9:00pm that she got home 3. ARTICLES: (mạo từ) mạo từ không xác định” A, AN” và mạo từ xác định “THE” A. Cách dùng mạo từ không xác định "a" và "an" Trong bài này chúng ta chỉ học Dùng a hoặc an trước một danh từ số ít đếm được. Chúng có nghĩa là một. Chúng được dùng trong câu có tính khái quát hoặc đề cập đến một chủ thể lần đầ tiên. A ball is round. (nghĩa chung, khái quát, chỉ tất cả các quả bóng) I saw a boy in the street. (chúng ta không biết cậu bé nào, chưa được đề cập trước đó) Mạo từ an được dùng trước từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm (trong cách phát âm, chứ không phải trong cách viết). Bao gồm: · Các từ bắt đầu bằng các nguyên âm u, a, e, i, o: an aircraft, an empty glass, an object ( ngoại trừ uni, euro và môn học) · Một số từ bắt đầu bằng h câm Ex: An hour, an honey moon, an heir… · Các từ mở đầu bằng một chữ viết tắt: an S.O.S/an M.P Cách dùng mạo từ xác định "The” 5 Dùng the trước một danh từ đã được xác định cụ thể duy nhất và đã được đề cập đến trước đó lần 2 trở lên. EX: I saw a boy in the street after that the boy comes to my friend. The earth is round. (Chỉ có một trái đất, ai cũng biết) UNIT 14: THE WORLD CUP 1. WILL (Simple Future thì tương lai ): S + WILL+ Vo Ex: we will mend this car. Ngày nay ngữ pháp chấp nhận việc dùng will cho tất cả các ngôi, còn shall chỉ dùng với các ngôi I, we trong một số trường hợp như sau: Đưa ra đề nghị một cách lịch sự: (Shall I take you coat?), Dùng để mời người khác một cách lịch sự: ( Shall we go out for lunch?) 2 Near Future (tương lai gần): be going to S + IS/AM/ ARE+ GOING TO + Vo Ex: We are going to have a reception Diễn đạt một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai gần, thường dùng với các phó từ dưới dạng: In a moment (lát nữa), at 2 o'clock this afternoon Nó chỉ 1 việc chắc chắn sẽ phải xảy ra theo như dự tính cho dù thời gian là tương lai xa. EX: We are going to take a TOEFL test next year. 3.SO SÁNH GIỮA “ WILL” VÀ “ BE GOING TO” GIỐNG NHAU: Cả hai đều xãy ra ở Tương Lai KHÁC: + WILL việc có thể xãy ra hoặc không, quyết định việc lúc đang nói, ex: this chair is broken, will you mend it? + WILL Đề nghị, hoặc từ chối, đồng ý, hứa làm việc gì đó, mời mọc, dùng cho câu điều kiện loại 1 EX: I will lend you money( hứa), will you have acup of tea?( mời)… +BE GIONG TO : nói dự định chắc chắn trong tương lai, kế hoạch chắ xãy ra UNIT 15 1. MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ A. XÁC ĐỊNH Không dùng dấu phẩy trước và sau mệnh đề quan hệ xác định, Có thể dùng that thay thế cho who, whom và which Ex: He works at Heathrow Airport that is one of the biggest airports in the world. B. KHÔNG XÁC ĐỊNH Dùng dấu phẩy trước và sau mệnh đề quan hệ , không dùng That thay thế cho who và which Ex. Da Lat, where is located on High Land, is famous for mild climate * where is located on High Land chỉ là thông tin phụ nế không co thì câu này vẫn có ý nghĩa 2. ALTHOUGH/EVEN THOUGH/THOUGH (mặc dầu) (although vs. in spite of – because vs. because of) Although/ though/ even though/ much as + mệnh đề Despite / in spite of + cụm danh từ Cách chuyển từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ, từ 1) Nếu chủ ngữ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau: Bỏ chủ ngữ, động từ thêm ING . Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time. 6 Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time. 2) Nếu chủ từ là danh từ + be + tính từ: Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ, bỏ to be Although the rain is heavy, Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, 3) Nếu mệnh đề gồm đại từ + be + tính từ : Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu, đổi tính từ thành danh từ, bỏ be Although He was sick, Despite / in spite of his sickness, 4) Nếu mệnh đề gồm đại từ + động từ + trạng từ: Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ, trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh t ừ Although he behaved impolitely, Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior , 5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ: Thì bỏ there be Although there was an accident , Despite / in spite of a accident, 1. Our school year starts on September 5 th 2. Summer vacation lasts for three months 3. The longest vacation is summer vacation 4. I usually visit my grandparents during my vacation 5. My mother works eight hours a day 6. Mr. Robinson is an English teacher 7. The hotel is opposite the museum 8. It’s about two kilometers from my house to the market 9. It takes about twenty minutes to go to school by bike 10.These envelopes are 5000 dong 11.Hoa needs some stamps and a pad of letter-papers 12.A letter to America is 9500 dong 13.Liz will send these letters to her friends 14.I would like some orange juice 15.I saw her last night 16.Her neighbor gave her a nice dress 17.They returned to America two weeks ago 18.Mrs. Robinson bought a poster 19.My father was in Ha Noi last month 20.He travelled to Nha Trang by coach 21.She went to the doctor because she was sick 7 22.We meet her at the City’s Theater last night 23.Nga brushes her teeth three times a day 24.My father was in Ha Noi three weeks ago 25.Nam played badminton with Minh 26.She went to the doctor because she had a backache 27.The students are practicing their English at the moment 28.He had an appointment at 10.00 29.They travelled to the USA by plane last month 30.I’d like to see a cowboy movie 31.My family usually watches TV in the evening 32.They didn’t have a TV because it was too expensive 33.We prefer reading and playing chess 34.She likes pop music 35.Nga is going to visit her old teachers this evening ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HKII TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 A. Grammar 1. Conditional type 2 and 3. (Unit 9, 11) 2. The passive voice. (Unit 10) 3. To + infinitive to talk about purposes. (Unit 12) 4. Wh-questions. (Unit 12) 5. Adjectives of attitude. (Unit 13) 6. It be not until… that… (Unit 13) 7. The articles: A/An, the. (Unit 13) 8. The simple future tense. (Unit 14) 9. Defining and Non-defining relative clauses. (Unit 15) 10. Although as a contrasting connector. (Unit 15) B. exercises Unit 9 and 10 I. Phonetics 1. A. beef B. beer C. engineer D. cheer 2. A. hair B. chair C. fail D. fairy 3. A. leave B. bear C. peace D. cheap 4. A. near B. here C. ear D. meat 5. A. gulf B. hunt C. sure D. current 6. A. great B. feat C. seat D. beat 7. A. campfire B. part C. animal D. natural 8. A. probably B. valuable C. bomb D. baby 9. A. environment B. hydroelectric C. circulation D. wild 10 . A. unit B. university C. unity D. umbrella II. Vocabulary and Grammar 8 Choose the best answer 1. Whales and dolphins both make which in some ways are similar to a language. A. sounds B. symbols C. signals D. sighs 2. The boy is wearing a(n) shirt. It’s too long and loose. A. oversized B. medium-sized C. cmall-sized D. large-sized 3. Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main facing the government. A. challenging B. challenges C. challenger D. challenge 4. There are various and animals in tropical forests. A. plantations B. planter C. plants D. plant 5. She gave me a look and said nothing. A. mysteriously B. mystery C. mysteries D. mysterious 6. If modern technology did not exist, we would have never such precious information. A. valuable B. precise C. confidential D. detailed 7. Some marine animals are dangerous to humans. A. living in the mountain B. living in the ocean C. living in the forest D. living in the house 8. Human infants have gestation period of nine months. A. the time during which a human baby develops inside its mother. B. the time when stomach digests food. C. the time of eating food. D. the time of growing up. 9. We had an accidental meeting with an old friend at the party last night. A. unpleasant B. unexpected C. unlucky D. unacceptable 10. Strong currents are dangerous for swimmers. A. suits B. flows C. sea D. climates 11. What would you do if you a million dollars? A. win B. won C. had won D. will win 12. You have been coughing a lot lately. You smoke so much. A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. should D. can 13. You look so tired. You go to bed early. A. will B. must C. should D. would 14. Her participation has contributed the success of the program. A. on B. in C. for D. to 15. Whales and sharks are carnivores, means they eat meat. A. this B. that C. it D. which 16. We wondered why a tip. A. to leave B. should we leave C. we should leave D. don’t we leave 17. Thanks to the doctor’s help . A. I would still feel bad now otherwise. B. I would feel much better. C. I feel fine now. 18. If I were to say I liked you, . A. you would have fainted. B. what would you do? C. you may think I am crazy. 19. I would like her more, . A. if she was not that cunning. B. if she gives me some of her money. C. if she admits that she likes me. 20. I will never talk to you again you apologize me your being so rude. A. if/ for B. unless/ for C. or/ of D. whether/ of Iii. Reading Circle the best option to complete this passage Dolphins are known as cetaceans, or marine (1) : they breathe air, they are warm-blood, and they bear live young ones called (2) . 9 The size of dolphins vary greatly. The smallest dolphin is just about 50 kg in weight and 1.2 meters in length (3) the largest one can weigh up to 8.200 kg and is 10 meters long. Dolphins are sociable creatures. They swim together in group known as (4) . They show great ability in the water and you can often (5) them playing (6) ships. Dolphins are interested in humans and often rescue people in the sea (7) are in danger. They are intelligent creatures and make sounds to (8) with each other. Scientists have studied dolphins (9) many years and are now looking into the possibility of dolphins (10) able to carry out tasks under the sea. 1. A. fish B. creatures C. mammals D. life 2. A. babies B. calves C. young D. diets 3. A. when B. as C. while D. since 4. A. currents B. flocks C. herds D. schools 5. A. look down B. come across C. run after D. go by 6. A. around B. on C. in D. next 7. A. which B. they C. when D. who 8. A. talk B. contact C. communicate D. connect 9. A. in B. since C. for D. during 10 . A. be B. being C. are D. that are Read the passage, then circle the best answers. We are all slowly destroying the earth. The seas and rivers are too dirty to swim in. There is so much smoke in the air that it is unhealthy to live in many of the world’s cities. In one well-known city, for example, poisonous gases from car pollute the air so much that traffic policemen have to wear oxygen masks. We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas of wasteland all over the world. As a result, farmers in parts of Africa cannot grow enough to eat. In certain countries in Asia there is too little rice. Moreover, we do not take enough care of the countryside. Wild animals are quickly disappearing. For instant, tigers are rate in India now because we have killed too many for them to survive. However, it isn’t enough simply to talk about the problem. We must act now before it is too late to do anything about it. Join us now. Save the Earth. This is too important to ignore. 1. The seas and rivers nowadays . A. cannot be swum in B. are less dirty than they used to be C. are dirty enough to swim in D. are contaminated 2. Smoke . A. is harmful to health B. is full of the big cities C. causes an healthy life D. makes life in big cities difficult 3. In one well-known city, traffic policemen have to wear oxygen masks . A. in order to protect themselves form being injured B. in spite of poisonous gases C. because there are so many cars on the streets D. because of air pollution 4. Why do farmers in parts of Africa and Asia not grow enough to eat? A. Because many trees have been planted. B. Because people cut down many trees. C. Because there is too little rice. D. Because there are large areas of land that cannot be used. 5. Wild animals are . A. in danger of extinction B. being protected from natural environment C. so rare that they cannot survive D. killed so many that they cannot live in the forests 6. What is the best title for the passage? A. Conservation B. Protect the Nature! C. The Environment D. Save the Earth iV. Writing Circle the best sentences which have the same meanings as the original ones 1. Tom hasn’t got satellite TV, so he can’t watch the game. If . 10 [...]... c Dutch d church 6 a they b thumb c thick d think 7 a there b than c three d that 8 a scholar b school c choral d chicken 9 a skin b key c chain d christmas 10 a village b forget c bridge d edge II Vocabulary and grammar 1 London an area of 1 610 square km a cover b stretches c fills d has 2 My city is small with the Of 1 million a people b citizens c inhabitants d population 3 Young men offen... serious c compose d easily 5.a answer b listen c music d solemn 6 a pushed b watched c learned d danced 7 a laughed b closed c filled d studied 8 a sit b sand c leaves d star 9 peas b piece c pence d let’s 10 a outside b instead c exciting d surprising II Vocabulary and Grammar Choose the best answer 1 Tuan Chau island is 150 kms north east of Hanoi a located b stood c placed D, bordered 2.This park... communication 8 The mother ……… the baby to sleep with her sweet voice every night a lulls b lullaby c lulling d has lulled 9 Men often find it hard to express their ………… a motional b emotion c emotional d motion 10 He wouldn’t have had an accident if he …………… more carefully a drives b drove c had driven d was driving 11 If Linda ………… her the money, Sophie wouldn’t have bought the stereo system 12 a hadn’t lent... ,Schumann , Chopin , Mendelssohn , Wagner , and Tchaikovsky Classical music stays with people a long time Bach wrote about 300 years ago Beethoven wrote about 200 years ago, and Tchaikovsky wrote over 100 years ago Sometimes it is difficult to understand The listener has to think about it However ,we can all learn to enjoy some classical music It is very important to people 1 Classical music is famous……………………... …………………………………………………………………………… 8 I didn’t have an umbrella with me so I got wet  If I …………………………………………………………………………… 9 I’ll will call the police if you don’t leave me alone  Unless ………………………………………………………………………… 10 I took off my shoes I didn’t want to make any noise (to + infinitive)  ………………………………………………………………………………… Give the right form of verb in brackets 1 I would have bought a new bicycle if I (have)……………………... taught sine 1985 8 Is a student pilot flying that airplane? Is that airplane being flown by a student pilot? 9 Alan’s knowledge of art doesn’t impress me I am not impressed by Alan’s knowledge of art 10 Did Sue knock that vase to the floor? Was that vase knocked to the floor? Give the right form of verbs in brackets 1 If my grandfather (be) ………………… still alive, he would be a hundred today 2 I (offer)... a scary b scared c scare d.scaring 8 I saw accident this morning a the b an c a d ∅ 9 You don't need your umbrella today I don't think it rain today a is going to b will c won't d is not going to 10 Seoul, .hosted the 1998 Summer Olympycs, is well- known for its shopping centers a that b whom c.who d which 12 Pele was a famous ……………player in the world a tennis b football c volleyball d basketball... 1960 It's located on the Granada River (which) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9 He didn’t arrive at the office until half past nine (It was not until) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 I didn’t know how to ride a bike until I was 15 (It was not until) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 We spent our holiday in Scotland last year It is in the north of Great Britain (which) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... D wife 2 A death B ready C peasant D scream 3 A bird B skirt C shirt D hire 4 A today B together C work D progressive 5 A chat B park C panic D passenger 17 6 A things 7 A parked 8 A region 9 A school 10 A pine B students B watched B goal B chemist B psychology C books C endangered C game C champion C plane D delights D stopped D together D character D pick B GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY I Give the correct... prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job 7 I (buy) shares in that company if I had some money 8 I would have bought a new bicycle if I (have) enough money 9 If I had had a motorbike, I (go) home immediately 10 There are a lot of black clouds in the sky It (rain) 11 A: I’ve decided to repaint this house B: Oh, really ? What color (you / paint) it ? 12 If he sold his car, he (not/ get) much money for it 13 . visit her old teachers this evening ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HKII TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 A. Grammar 1. Conditional type 2 and 3. (Unit 9, 11) 2. The passive voice. (Unit 10) 3. To + infinitive to talk about purposes định: khi dùng ING OR ED xác định chủ từ, nếu trong câu có tân ngữ thì ưu tiên tân ngữ hơn, nếu câu có 2 tân ngữ thì ưu tiên tân ngữ gần nhất. EX: That movie is interesting. I am interested in. though/ much as + mệnh đề Despite / in spite of + cụm danh từ Cách chuyển từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ, từ 1) Nếu chủ ngữ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau: Bỏ chủ ngữ, động từ thêm ING . Although Tom got up late,