GSTT VN chuyên đề câu tường thuật ( reported speech )

Page 1 Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Yến REPORTED SPEECH/ INDIRECT SPEECH I. GRAMMAR 2 1. WHAT IS REPORTED SPEECH? 2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENTENCES 2 2. REPORTING STATEMENTS 2 a. Pronouns 2 b. Tenses 2 c. Place, demonstratives and time expressions 3 3. REPORTING QUESTIONS 3 4. REPORTING REQUESTS / COMMANDS 4 5. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 4 a. Zero conditional 4 b. First conditional 4 c. Second conditional 4 d. Third conditional 4 6. OTHER TRANSFORMATIONS 5 II. PRACTISE EXERCISE 5 a. Rewrite into reported speech: 5 b. Multiple choice 7 III. ANSWER KEYS 13 a. Rewrite into reported speech 13 b. Multiple choice 15 Page 2 Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Yến I. GRAMMAR 1. What is reported speech? Reported speech is when you tell somebody else what you or a person said before. Distinction must be made between direct speech and reported speech. Direct speech Reported speech She says: "I like tuna fish." She says that she likes tuna fish. She said: "I'm visiting Paris next weekend" She said that she was visiting Paris the following weekend. Different types of sentences When you use reported speech, you either report:  statements  questions  requests / commands  conditional sentences  other types 2. Reporting Statements When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:  pronouns  tense  place and time expression a. Pronouns In reported speech, you often have to change the pronoun depending on who says what. Ex: She says, “My dad likes roast chicken.” => She says that her dad likes roast chicken. b. Tenses  If the sentence starts in the present, there is no backshift of tenses in reported speech.  If the sentence starts in the past, there is often backshift of tenses in reported speech. Direct speech Reported speech (no backshift) “I write poems.” He says that he writes poems. (backshift) “I write poems.” He said that he wrote poems. * No backshift Do not change the tense if the introductory clause is in a present tense (e. g. He says). Note, however, that you might have to change the form of the present tense verb (3rd person singular). Ex: He says, “I write poems.” – He says that he writes English. * Backshift You must change the tense if the introductory clause is in a past tense (e. g. He said). Ex: He said, “I am happy.” – He said that he was happy. Examples of the main changes in tense: Direct Speech Reported Speech Simple Present He said: "I am happy". Simple Past He said that he was happy. Present Progressive He said: "I'm looking for my keys". Past Progressive He said that he was looking for his keys. Simple Past He said: "I visited New York last year". Past Perfect Simple He said that he had visited New York the previous year. Page 3 Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Yến Present Perfect He said: "I've lived here for a long time". Past Perfect He said that he had lived there for a long time. Past Perfect He said: "They had finished the work when I arrived". Past Perfect He said that they had finished the work when he had arrived. Past Progressive He said: "I was playing football when the accident occurred". Past Perfect Progressive He said that he had been playing football when the accident had occurred. Present Perfect Progressive He said: "I’ve been playing football for two hours." Past Perfect Progressive He said that he had been playing football for two hours. Past Perfect Progressive He said: "I had been reading a newspaper when the light went off". Past Perfect Progressive He said that he had been reading a newspaper when the light had gone off. The modal verbs could, should, would, might, needn't, ought to, and used to do not normally change. Ex: He said, "She might be right." – He said that she might be right. Other modal verbs may change: Modal Direct speech Reported speech can "I can do it." He said he could do it. may "May I go out?" He wanted to know if he might go out. must "She must apply for the job." He said that she had to apply for the job. will "They will call you." He told her that they would call her. shall “Today we shall eat out.” He said that that day they should eat out. c. Place, demonstratives and time expressions Place, demonstratives and time expressions change if the context of the reported statement (i.e. the location and/or the period of time) is different from that of the direct speech. In the following table, you will find the different changes of place; demonstratives and time expressions. Direct speech Reported speech Time Expressions today that day now then yesterday the day before … days ago … days before last week the week before next year the following year tomorrow the next day / the following day Place here there Demonstratives this that these those 3. Reporting Questions When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:  pronouns  place and time expressions  tenses (backshift) Also note that you have to:  transform the question into an indirect question  use the question word (where, when, what, how) or if / whether Page 4 Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Yến Direct speech Reported speech WH-questions "Why" don’t you speak English?” He asked me why I didn’t speak English. Yes/No questions “Do you speak English?” He asked me whether / if I spoke English. 4. Reporting requests / commands When transforming requests and commands, check whether you have to change:  pronouns  place and time expressions Direct speech Reported speech “Nancy, do the exercise.“ He told Nancy to do the exercise. "Nancy, give me your pen, please." He asked Nancy to give him her pen. Tenses are not relevant for requests – simply use to / not to + verb (infinitive without "to") Ex: She said, “Sit down." => She asked me to sit down. She said, "Don't be lazy." => She asked me not to be lazy. For affirmative use to + infinitive (without to) For negative requests, use not to + infinitive (without to). 5. Conditional sentences a. Zero conditional When we report zero conditionals, the following tense changes may occur: Anne: If John is cursing, it means that he is very angry. => Anne said that if John is cursing, it means that he is very angry. (It is still/always true) => Anne said that if John was cursing, it meant that he was very angry. (Referring to a past habit) b. First conditional When we report first conditionals, the following changes may occur: Mark: If we leave now, we can catch the train. => Mark said that if we leave now, we can catch the train. (Reported simultaneously; we can still catch the train) => Mark said that if we left, we could catch the train. (The reported words are out-of-date; the train has already left) c. Second conditional When we report second conditionals, the following changes may occur:  Future time Catherine: If I lost my job, I would be in serious trouble. (Referring to a possible future situation) => Catherine said that if she lost her job, she would be in serious trouble. (The reported words are true; she might still lose her job) => Catherine said that if she had lost her job, she would have been in serious trouble. (The reported words are out-of-date; it's not possible that she will lose her job)  Present time Paul: If I knew the answer, I'd tell you. (Referring to an unreal present situation) => Paul said that if he knew the answer, he'd tell us. d. Third conditional When we report third conditionals, there are no changes in the verb forms: Page 5 Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Yến Tom: If we had booked our flight earlier, it would have been cheaper. (Referring to an unreal past situation) => Tom remarked that if they had booked their flight earlier, it would have been cheaper. 6. Other transformations  Expressions of advice with must, should and ought are usually reported using advise / urge. Ex: “You must read this book.” => He advised / urged me to read that book.  The expression let’s is usually reported using suggest. In this case, there are two possibilities for reported speech: gerund or statement with should. Ex: “Let’s go to the cinema.” 1. He suggested going to the cinema. 2. He suggested that we should go to the cinema.  Unreal tenses after wish / if only, would rather / would sooner, it's (high) time and as if / as though do not change in indirect speech. Ex: - Susan: “I wish I lived in the mountains.” => Susan said she wished she lived in the mountains. - Charles: “If only we hadn't missed the train.” => Charles wished they hadn't missed the train. - Carol: “I'd rather go by bike than walk.” => Carol said that she would rather go by bike than walk. - Mr. Wilkins: “I would rather you didn't smoke in here.” => Mr. Wilkins said he would rather I didn't smoke in his office. - Newspaper article: “It's high time the government did something about this problem.” => The article said that it was high time the government did something about the problem. - Jane: “He looks as if he knew the answer.” => Jane said that he looked as if he knew the answer. II. PRACTISE EXERCISE a. Rewrite into reported speech: 1. The spokesman said: “I can’t understand why billiards has been prohibited.” 2. Gihan exclaimed: “We have had too many prohibitions.” 3. The young lady said: “I did not make such a mistake.” 4. She said: “We’ll go and get some food.” 5. Winston Churchill said: “I wake up at six every day” 6. A company representative said: “This probably won’t happen.” 7. A farmer said: “If the situation goes on like this, we will lose the consumers” confidence forever”. 8. He added: “We need someone who will realize that celibacy has to be a personal choice”. 9. She said: “I think the amount of immigrants right now is OK, but I don’t think we need any more”. 10. He said: “In Japan paper-folding was valued for its decorative function”. 11. “If I don’t win this game, I will retire, ” Kasparov said. 12. The police said: “Youssef planned the World Trade Centre bombing”. 13. She said: “As a woman, my life will change with the new millennium”. 14. “I watched a documentary about dolphins on TV yesterday, ” said John. 15. “I’m living the adventure of my life, ” Banderas said. 16. Al Gore said: “As a teenager, one of the books that I read was Silent Spring.” 17. “I was taught information technology in this course, ” she said. 18. My aunt said: “Single men should drive slowly if they want to live longer.” 19. He said: “We are here today to reach consensus” 20. Last week Julia said: “We will meet our new instructor tomorrow” Page 6 Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Yến 21. He said to one of them: “Let me see the streets once more before I die. I’ll be back in five minutes.” 22. “Please, don’t say anything to him”, he said. 23. “Don’t talk to me like that, ” said his mother. 24. She said: “Don’t smoke if you want to save money.” 25. “Buy me the paper if you’re going out”, Alice asked her brother. 26. He asked: “Do you often play rugby?” 27. The doctor asked: “Do you ever feel this pain in your stomach before meals?” 28. Michael asked her: “Where did you find these trainers? 29. Michael wondered: “Why do I do this every day?” 30. “What time did the film start?” she asked. 31. Her parents asked her: “Why do you want to become a bullfighter?” 32. They asked her mother: “Does he often come home late from school?” 33. The judge asked Karl: “How long have you known the accused?” 34. “What do you want?” she asked him. 35. “Are you coming with us?” he asked me. 36. He asked, “When do you intend to make the payment?” 37. “Do you come from China?” said the prince to the girl. 38. The poor man exclaimed, “Will none of you help me?” 39. “Which way should I go?” asked the little girl. 40. Aladdin said to the magician, “What have I done to deserve so severe a punishment?” 41. “Don’t you know the way home?” I said to her. 42. “Do you write a good hand?” the teacher said to the student. 43. “Have you anything to say on behalf of the accused?” said the judge finally. 44. “Have you anything to tell me, little bird?” asked Ulysses. 45. “Who are you, sir, and what do you want?” they asked. 46. The king was impressed with the magician and asked, “What can I do for you?” 47. She asked, “What is it that makes you stronger and braver than other men?” 48. “Can you solve this problem?” he asked me. 49. Jack: "I'll lend you my grammar book if you think it will help. 50. The doctor: "I'll send you the results as soon as they arrive." 51. She said “I´ve found my keys!” 52. They asked me “Did you see Tom at the cinema last night?” 53. He asked me “Do you know where the post office is?” 54. “Her parents are getting married next Friday” she assured us. 55. The news said “There has been a big earthquake in Japan”. 56. “Stop making so much noise!” the mother said to the children. 57. “Pam visited us yesterday” Pete said. 58. I told them “I was late for work this morning”. 59. The criminal confessed “Yes, I lied to the police”. 60. Their friends told them “We are going to be a bit late next Monday”. 61. Mary said: “My father died a year ago”. 62. “Must you go now?”, said Mr. Brown. 63. John said: “I have finished studying my lesson”. 64. He asked me: “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?” 65. “Remember to buy some sugar”, my mother said.  My mother asked 66. He said: “If I were you, I would tell her about that”  He advised 67. “Don’t take more than two of these at once”, said the doctor.  The doctor asked 68. The traveler asked: “How long does it take you to get to London?” 69. “Did you phone me yesterday?” Tom asked Mary. 70. “Would you like to have dinner with us tonight,” Mike said.  Mike invited 71. “Why don’t you organize an English competition for our students?” said Ms. Lien. Page 7 Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Yến  Ms. Lien suggested 72. “You won the scholarship. Congratulations!” Mary told me.  Mary congratulated 73. “You were cheating” said David to Henry.  David accused 74. “It was kind of you to help me with my homework” Lan said to Hoa.  Lan thanked 75. “I’m sorry I’m late, said Mr. Thanh.  Mr. Thanh apologized b. Multiple choice 1. Julia said that she ___________ there at noon. A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be 2. He _______ that he was leaving way that afternoon. A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. says to me 3. She said to me that she __________ to me the Sunday before. A. wrote B. has written C. was writing D. had written 4. I _________ him to sell that old motorbike. A. said to B. suggested C. advised D. recommended 5. My parents reminded me ________ the flowers. A. remember to plant B. plant C. to plant D. planting 6. I asked Martha ______ to enter law school. A. are you planning B. is she planning C. was she planning D. if she was planning 7. Nam wanted to know what time ________. A. does the movie begin B. did the movie begin C. the movie begins D. the movie began 8. I wondered_______ the right thing. A. whether I was doing B. if I am doing C. was I doing D. am I doing 9. The scientist said the earth ________ the sun. A. goes round B. is going around C. went around D. was going around 10. Peter said that if he ________rich, he _________ a lot. A. is – will travel B. were- would travel C. had been – would have travelled D. was – will travel 11. They said that they had been driving through the desert__________. A. the previous day B. yesterday C. the last day D. Sunday previously 12. He asked the children _________too much noise. A. not to make B. not making C. don’t make D. if they don’t make 13. The man said that money ___________ the passport to everything. A. will be B is C. was D. can be 14. The teacher said Columbus _________America in 1942. A. discovered B. had discovered C. was discovering D. would discover 15. John said he _________ her since they ________ school. A. hasn’t met – left B. hadn’t met - had left C. hadn’t met left D. didn’t meet – has left 16. The woman asked __________get lunch at school. A. can the children B. whether the children could C. if the children can D. could the children 17. Laura said that when she_________ to school, she saw an accident. A. was walking B. has walked C. had been walking D. has been walking 18. He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” - He asked why __________ the final exam. A. she took B. did she take C. she hadn’t taken D. she had taken 19. Ba said he__________ some good marks the semester before. A. gets B. got C. had gotten D. have got 20. They told their parents that they___________ their best to do the test. A. try B. will try C. are trying D. would try 21. She asked me where I___________ from. Page 8 Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Yến A. come B. coming C. to come D. came 22. She_________ me whether I liked classical music or not. A. ask B. asks C. asked D. asking 23. He asked me who____________ the editor of that book. A. was B. were C. is D. has been 24. He wants to know whether I ___________ back tomorrow. A. come B. came C. will come D. would come 25. I wonder why he___________ love his family. A. doesn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. hasn’t 26. They asked me how many children___________. A. if I had B. had I C. I have D. have I 27. Thu said she had been___________ the day before. A. here B. there C. in this place D. where 28. The student said that the English test_______ the most difficult. A. is B. was C. will be D. have been 29. He wanted to know _______ shopping during the previous morning. A. if we had been going B. that if we had been going C. we were going D. that we were going 30. He asked me _______ Robert and I said I did not know _______. A. that did I know / who were he B. that I knew / who he had been C. if I knew/ who he was D. whether I knew / who had he been 31. The mother asked her son _______. A. where he had been B. whether I had been C. where has he been D. where had he been 32. Martin asked me _______. A. how is my father B. how my father is C. how was my father D. how my father was 33. The host asked Peter _______ tea or coffee. A. whether he preferred B. that he preferred C. did he prefer D. if he prefers 34. She asked me _______ my holidays _______. A. where I spent / the previous year B. where I had spent/ the previous year C. where I spent / last year D. where did I spend / last year 35. He advised _______ too far. A. her did not go B. her do not go C. her not to go D. she did not go 36. John often says he _______ boxing because it _______ a cruel sport. A. doesn’t like/ is B. did not like / were C. not liked / had been D. had not liked / was 37. Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer _______. A. before B. ago C. last D. previous 38. He asked _______ him some money. A. her to lend B. she to lend C. she has lent D. she lends 39. Andrew told me that they _______ fish two _______ days. A. have not eaten / ago B. had eaten/ previous C. did not eat / before D. would not eat / last 40. Jason told me that he _______ his best in the exam the _______ day. A. had done / following B. will do / previous C. would do/ following D. was going / previous 41. John asked me _______ in English. A. what does this word mean B. what that word means C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant 42. The mother told her son _______ so impolitely. A. not behave B. not to behave C. not behaving D. did not behave 43. She said she _______ collect it for me after work. A. would B. did C. must D. had 44. She said I _______ an angel. A. am B. was C. were D. have been 45. I have ever told you he _______ unreliable. A. is B. were C. had been D. would Be 46. I told him _______ the word to Jane somehow that I _______ to reach her during the early hours. A. passing / will try B. he will pass / tried C. to pass/ would try D. he passed / have tried Page 9 Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Yến 47. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _______. A. yesterday B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day 48. John asked me _______ interested in any kind of sports. A. if I were B. if were I C. if was I D. if I was 49. John asked me _______ that film the night before. A. that I saw B. had I seen C. if I had seen D. if had I seen 50. The guest told the host that _______. A. I must go now B. he must go now C. he had to go now D. he had to go then 51. Last week, our teacher told us that we __________ a spelling test at the end of the week on Friday. A. can have B. did have C. would have D. had had 52. Three days ago a friend told me that she was going to visit me ____________ but she didn't arrive. A. tomorrow B. next day C. the day before D. the next day 53. When I spoke to Belen, yesterday, she said that she ________ to a party the night before. A. went B. had gone C. was going D. did go 54. The teacher asked us about our favorite sports and everybody said that they _____ football. A. liked B. are liking C. were liking D. had like 55. I spoke to John on his mobile and asked him where he was. He told me that he ___________ in the airport, waiting for his flight. A. sat B. was sitting C. had sat D. has sat 56. On Tuesday, Abdul told the teacher that he had missed the lesson ______________ because he had gone to the embassy in London. A. yesterday B. before day C. the before day D. the day before 57. Last week, David telephoned the school and said that he _____________ to school because he had a headache. A. didn't come B. couldn't come C. doesn't come D. wasn't come 58. Guillermo told us that he _____ studying in England but that he didn't like English food. A. likes B. liked C. had liked D. was liking 59. When we asked her, Jiang told us that she ______________ a ghost. A. never saw B. never seen C. had never seen D. did never see 60. Maria told us that she was going to visit ___ parents in Italy the next week and wouldn't come to class. A. my B. her C. your D. their 61. Peter said that he ________ Brad Pitt on a street in Bristol the day before but nobody believed him. A. saw B. had saw C. seen D. had seen 62. I remember last month our teacher told us he would buy us chocolate _____________ but he forgot and he never bought us any. A. next week B. the next week C. the after week D. after week 63. He said he…………… at the “Ritz” Hotel. A. is staying B. has stayed C. was staying D. will stay 64. He asked me where I……………. A. have studied B. study C. am studying D. studied 65. Tina asked me how long I…………… a teacher. A. have been B. had been C. am D. will be 66. She asked me…………….I liked pop music. A. if B. whether C. that D. A&B 67. The students asked if I was going to teach them physics……………… A. the next day B. next day C. day next D. the day next 68. John asked me _______ in English. A. what does this word mean B. what that word means C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant 69. She said I _______ an angel. A. am B. was C. were D. have been 70. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _______. A. yesterday B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day 71. John asked me _______ interested in any kind of sports. A. if I were B. if were I C. if was I D. if I was Page 10 Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Yến 72. John asked me _______ that film the night before. A. that I saw B. had I seen C. if I had seen D. if had I seen 73. “Go home,” said the teacher to us. A. The teacher told us to go home B. The teacher said us to go home C. The teacher told us go home D. The teacher told to us to go home 74. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress. A. He asked the waitress bring him some fish soup. B. He asked the waitress to bring her some fish soup. C. He asked the waitress to bring him some fish soup. D. He asked the waitress bring her some fish soup. 75. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?” A. I asked Nick where was he going. B. I asked Nick where he was going. C. I asked Nick where is he going. D. I asked Nick where he is going. 76. “You’d better apologise for being late,” said my mother. A. My mother advised me to apologise for being late. B. My mother suggested me to apologise for being late. C. My mother suggested apologising for being late. D. My mother warned me to apologise for being late. 77. “Don’t open your books, ” the teacher said to the pupils. A. The teacher told the pupils to not open their books. B. The teacher told the pupils did not open their books. C. The teacher told the pupils not open their books. D. The teacher told the pupils not to open their books. 78. He said, “My wife has just bought a diamond ring.” A. He said that his wife had just bought a diamond ring. B. He said that my wife had just bought a diamond ring. C. He said that his wife has just bought a diamond ring. D. he said that his wife just bought a diamond ring. 79. “I will come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to Philip. A. She said to Philip he will come to see you as soon as he I am ready. B. She told Philip she will come to see her as soon as she was ready. C. She told Philip she would come to see you as soon as she was ready. D. She told Philip she would come to see him as soon as she was ready. 80. “I wrote to him yesterday” A. She said to me I wrote to him the day before. B. She told me she wrote to him yesterday. C. She told me she had written to him yesterday. D. She told me she had written to him the day before. 81. “He is talking to your sister”, She said to me. A. She told me he was talking to your sister. B. She told me she was talking to my sister. C. She told me he was talking to my sister. D. She told me he was talking to her sister. 82. Miss White said to him, “Why are you so late? Did your car have a flat fire?” A. Miss White told him why was he so late and did your car have a flat fire. B. Miss White asked him why was he so late and did your car have a flat fire. C. Miss White asked him why was he so late and if your car have a flat fire. D. Miss White asked him why he was so late and whether his car had a flat fire. 83. He said "If I had enough money, I could buy that dictionary." A. He said if he had enough money, he could buy that dictionary B. He said if he had had enough money, he could buy that dictionary. C. He said if he had enough money, he could have bought that dictionary. D. He said if he had had enough money, he could have bought that dictionary. 84. Tom: “Why don’t you study hard for the coming exam, Ba” A. Tom advised me not to study hard for the coming exam [...]... interviewer to repeat the question C He requested the interviewer to please repeat the question D He requested the interviewer if he could please repeat the question III ANSWER KEYS a Rewrite into reported speech 1 2 3 4 5 6 The spokesman said that he couldn’t understand why billiards had been prohibited Gihan exclaimed that they had too many prohibitions The young lady said that she had not made such . backshift of tenses in reported speech.  If the sentence starts in the past, there is often backshift of tenses in reported speech. Direct speech Reported speech (no backshift) “I write poems.”. speech? Reported speech is when you tell somebody else what you or a person said before. Distinction must be made between direct speech and reported speech. Direct speech Reported speech She. into reported speech: 5 b. Multiple choice 7 III. ANSWER KEYS 13 a. Rewrite into reported speech 13 b. Multiple choice 15 Page 2 Nguyễn Thị Hoàng Yến I. GRAMMAR 1. What is reported speech?