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Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi.. khi không cần phải dùng đúng những từ của người nói.[r]
(1)NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH LỚP
CÂU TRỰC TIẾP - GIÁN TIẾP
I Khái niệm:
Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) lặp lại xác từ người nói.
Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) lời tường thuật lại ý người nói, đơi
khi khơng cần phải dùng từ người nói
Tenses:
Direct Speech (Lời nói trực tiếp) Reported Speech (lời nói gián tiếp)
Present simple Hiện đơn Past simple Quá khứ đơn
Present progressive Hiện tiếp diễn Past progressive Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Past simple Quá khứ đơn Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành
Past progresive Quá khứ tiếp diễn Past perfect progressive
QK hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Present perfect Hiện hoàn thành Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành
Present perfect progressive
Hiện hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Past perfect progressive
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành
Past perfect progressive
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Past perfect progressive
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Note: Will/ shall would/ should ; Must had to
(2)Direct Speech Indirect Speech ( Reported)
This
These
this/that + N
Here
Now
Today/Tonight
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next week/year
Last week/year
last Tuesday
A year ago
That
Those
the + N
There
Then
That day/That night
The day before/the previous day
Two days before
The next day/ the following day
In two days’ time/two days later
The following week/year
The previous week/year
the previous Tuesday/the Tuesday before
A year before/ the previous year
*Qui tắc thay đổi đại từ, tính từ
Direct Speech Indirect Speech ( Reported)
I
You
We
He/ she
He/ she/ they
(3)Me
Us
My
Our
Your
Him/ her
Them
His/ her/ your
Their
His/ her/ my
+ Nguyên tắc áp dụng cho tất loại câu tường thuật
* Có loại câu tường thuật bản:
1 Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể)
S + say(s)/ said + (that) + S + V
* (says/ say to + O tells / tell + O) and (said to + O told + O)
Eg: He said to me”I haven’t finished my work”
à He told me he hadn’t finished his work
2 Reported questions (Tường thuật dạng câu hỏi).
a Yes/ No questions:
S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/ weather + S + V
E.g: ”Are you angry?” he asked He asked if/ whether I was angry
(Chuyển câu hỏi câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định thực thay đổi thì, trạng từ thời gian, nơi chốn, chủ ngữ, tân ngữ )
b.Wh - questions:
(4)* says/ say to + O asks/ ask + O
said to + O asked + O
Eg ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher
The teacher asked us what we were talking about
3 Reported commands (Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh)
* Khẳng định: S + told + O + to- infinitive
Eg “Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said
Tom told Mary to wait for him there
* Phủ định: S + told + O + not to + V(infinitive)
Eg.”Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said to us
> The teacher told us not to talk in class
* Reporting verbs:
- agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse + to- infinitive
- advise , ask, encourage, invite, remind, tell, want, warn + O + to infinitive
- admit (thừa nhận), deny (phủ nhận), stop, suggest + V-ing
* Câu điều kiện lời nói gián tiếp:
1 Điều kiện có thật, xảy ra: Chúng ta áp dụng quy tắc chung lời nói gián tiếp
Eg He said “If I have much money, I’ll travel around the world.”
à He said (that) If he had much money, he would travel around the world
2 Điều kiện thật/ giả sử: Chúng ta giữ ngun,khơng đổi
(5)à He said If he had two wings, he would fly everywhere
B Exercises:
Exercise 1: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.
1 “If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car”
à He advised
2 “Shall I carry your suitcase, Lan?” said Nam
à Nam offered
3 “ Yes, all right I’ll share the food with you, Dave”
à Ann agreed
4 “ Sue, can you remember to buy some bread? ”
à Paul reminded
5 “ Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children
à The man ordered
6.” I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary
à Mary
7 “ Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?” Tom asked me
à Tom asked
8 “ Have you finished your homework?” Mom asked
à Mom asked if
9.She said to me “ I can’t it by myself”
(6)10.”Does your brother live in London,Nam?” Lan asked
àLan wanted to know if
11.”Don’t repeat this mistake again.”his father warned him
àHis father warned him
12.”Give me a smile,”The photographer said to me
àThe
13.”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the students àThe librarian told the students
14.”Have you travelled abroad much?”he asked me
àHe
15.”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary
àThe boss asked
16.”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend said to me
àMy friend told me
17.”This story happened long ago”he said
àHe said
Exercise 2
1 "Don't repeat this mistake again!" the instructor warned the sports¬man
"Leave your address with the secretary," the assistant said to me
(7)"Don't be so silly," the father said to the kid
"Give a smile," the photographer said to me
"Please, help me to make a decision," Ann asked her friend
"Don't leave these books on the table, put them back on the shelf," the librarian said to the student
"Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes," the nurse said to the child
"Leave your things here," my companion advised me
10 "Don't discuss this question now," said the chairman to the participants
Exercise 3
1 "Will it be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather doesn't change for the better?" we asked the guide
The porter said to me, "I'll wake you up, when the train arrives in Leeds."
My wife said to me: "While you are away, I'll the packing."
(8)"After he leaves hospital, they'll take him to the South," the doctor said
"They'll wait for the fisherman to return until it gets dark", the local man explained to me
As soon as I hear from him, I'll let you know," my neighbour said to me
I’ll live in town till my husband returns from the expedition and when he returns, we'll go to the seaside together," she said
The mother said to her son, "Sit still, please."
10 John said to his friend, "Come and spend a week with us."
Exercise 4
1 "Have you travelled abroad much?" he asked me
"Who has written this note?" the boss asked the secretary
"I've just received a postcard from my sister," my friend said to me
"The students also took part in arranging the conference," the chair¬man said
(9)"Did you really see this happen with your own eyes?" the policeman asked the boy
"I hope they will have taken a decision by the end of the meeting," she remarked
"Did you watch the detective film on TV yesterday?" he asked her
"This story happened long ago," he said, "and few people remember anything about it."
10 "I haven't read so interesting a book since I don't remember when," she said
Bài tập
1 “Shall I help you with the exercises?” he said
……… “Shall we give him a birthday cake?” he said
……… “Could I leave early on Friday?” he said
……… “Where shall we meet tonight?” she said
……… “Will you have a drink?” he said
……… “How far is it from here to college?” he said
……… “Do you often have breakfast at 6.30 a.m?” he said
(10)……… “Do come in and have a drink” he said
……… 10 “Remember to wake me up” she said
……… 11 “If I were you, I would learn English”, she said
……… 12 “Why don’t we go camping this Sunday?” he said
……… 13 “Would you like to come to my birthday party next Sunday?” she said
……… 14 “Let’s have a talk on the new film”, he said
……… 15 “ Shall I the cleaning up for you?” he said
……… 16 “What a clever boy!” she said
……… 17 “How ugly!” he said
……… 18 “Did you prepare your meal?” he said “No” I said
……… 19 “Happy birthday”, he said
……… 20 “Take your seat”, he said “thank”, I said
……… Rewrite each sentences, using Reported Speech :
1-“It’s a quiet flat, and the neighbors are nice.”
Mrs Celine Deon said
(11)She told me that
3-“I need £ 100 deposit.”
Then she said
4-“I decorated the living room recently.”
She told me that
5-“Other people have been to see the flat.”
She said
6-“You’ll have to make up your mind soon.”
She told me
7-“The previous occupants looked after it very well.”
She said that
8-“I’ve replaced all the carpets.”
She told me that
9-“You can move in immediately.”
She told me
10-“I’ll give you a ring soon.”
I told Mrs Celine Deon that
Rewrite each sentences, using Reported Speech :
(12)
2- Lan said, “I like learning English.”
3- Peter said to me, “I will go to the movies with you.”
4- Miss Nga said, “I love these sunflowers.”
5- Tom said to her, “I can’t help to you to this test.”
6- They said, “We are doing the exercises now.”
7- Daisy’s father said to her, “I will give you a new bike.”
8- They said to him, “It is raining, so we can’t go out for a walk.”
(13)9- Tom said, “I must leave now.”
10- She said, “I won’t buy this car because it is very old.”
11- “Do you like classical music ?” He asked me
12- The man asked her, “Where are you from ?”
13- He asked them, “Why you come home late ?”
14- She asked me, “Will you go with me ?”
15- Peter asked, “Can I play video games, Daddy ?”
(14)
17- “What are you doing now ?” Mary asked Tom
18- My mother asked me, “Why don’t you clean your room ?”
19- I asked him, “Which grade are you in ?”
20- Mrs White asked him, “How you go to your school ?”
21 She said:” I can’t find my umbrella.”
……… ………
22 Tom said:” My friend is coming next week.”
……… …………
23 The teacher said to his class:” You will have to finish all these exercises before next week.”
……… …………
24 Peter said:” I enjoy looking at myself in the mirror.”
(15)25 Nam said “I am told to be at school before o’clock.”
……… …………
26 Lan said “I will be very busy tomorrow.”
……… …………
27 Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week.”
……… …………
28 Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks.”
……… ……… Mời bạn đọc tham khảo thêm tài liệu Tiếng Anh lớp đây:
Bài tập Tiếng Anh lớp theo Unit: Bài tập Tiếng Anh lớp nâng cao: