Lớp 10 Ôn tập liên kết hóa học

9 11 13 www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 s 52,00 Crom Cr [Ar]3d 5 4s 1 24 95,94 Mo [Kr]4d 5 5s 1 42 183,85 Vonfram W [Ar]4f 14 5d 5 6s 1 74 [226] Seabogi Sg [Ar]5f 14 6d 5 7s 1 106 54,94 Mangan Mn [Ar]3d 5 4s 2 25 [99] Tecneti Tc [Kr]4d 5 5s 2 43 186,2 Rheni Re [Ar]4f 14 5d 5 6s 2 75 [264] Bhori Bh [Ar]5f 14 6d 5 7s 2 107 55,85 Fe [Ar]3d 6 4s 2 26 101,07 Rhuteni Ru [Kr]4d 6 5s 2 44 190,2 Osmi Os [Ar]4f 14 5d 6 6s 2 76 [264] Hassi Hs [Ar]5f 14 6d 6 7s 2 108 58,93 Coban Co [Ar]3d 7 4s 2 27 102,91 Rh [Kr]4d 7 5s 2 45 192,2 Ir [Ar]4f 14 5d 7 6s 2 77 [268] Meitneri Mt [Ar]5f 14 6d 7 7s 2 109 58,69 Niken Ni [Ar]3d 8 4s 2 28 106,40 Pd [Kr]4d 8 5s 2 46 195,09 Plantin Pt [Ar]4f 14 5d 8 6s 2 78 [271] Ununnili Uun [Ar]5f 14 6d 8 7s 2 110 10,81 Bo B 1s 2 2s 2 2p 1 5 26,98 Nhôm Al [Ne]2s 2 2p 1 13 69,72 Galli Ga [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 1 31 114,8 In [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 1 49 204,4 Tali Tl [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 1 81 113 12,01 Cacbon C 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 6 28,09 Silic Si [Ne]2s 2 2p 2 14 72,61 Germani Ge [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 2 32 118,7 Sn [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 2 50 207,2 Chì Pb [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 2 82 [289] Uuq 114 14,01 N 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 7 30,97 Photpho P [Ne]2s 2 2p 3 15 74,92 Arsenic As [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 3 33 121,8 Antimon Ab [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 3 51 209,0 Bismut Bi [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 3 83 115 16,00 Oxi O 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 8 32,07 S [Ne]2s 2 2p 4 16 78,96 Seleni Se [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 4 34 127,6 Telluri Te [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 4 52 [209] Poloni Po [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 4 84 116 19,00 Flo F 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 9 35,45 Clo Cl [Ne]2s 2 2p 5 17 79,90 Brom Br [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 5 35 126,9 Iot I [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 5 53 [210] Astali At [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 5 85 117 1,008 Heli He 1s 2 2 20,18 Neon Ne 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 10 39,95 Argon Ar [Ne]2s 2 2p 6 18 83,80 Krypton Kr [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 p 6 36 131,3 Xenon Xe [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 p 6 54 [222] Rn [A] 5d 10 6s 2 p 6 86 118 63,55 Cu [Ar]3d 10 4s 1 29 107,87 Ag [Kr]4d 10 5s 1 47 196,97 Vàng Au [Ar]4f 14 5d 10 6s 1 79 [272] Unununi Uuu [Ar]5f 14 6d 10 7s 1 111 65,39 Zn [Ar]3d 10 4s 2 30 112,41 Cadimi Cd [Kr]4d 10 5s 2 48 200,59 Hg [Ar]4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 80 [277] Ununbi Uub [Ar]5f 14 6d 10 7s 2 112 phá phá phá phá phá 1,008 H 1s 1 1 6,94 Liti Li 1s 2 2s 1 3 22,99 Natri Na [Ne]3s 1 11 39,10 Kali K [Ar]4s 1 19 85,47 Rb [Kr]5s 1 37 132,9 Xezi Cs [Xe]6s 1 55 [223] Franxi Fr [Rn]7s 1 87 9,01 Beri Be 1s 2 2s 2 4 24,31 Magie Mg [Ne]3s 2 12 40,08 Canxi Ca [Ar]4s 2 20 87,62 Stronti Sr [Kr]5s 2 38 137,31 Bari Ba [Xe]6s 2 56 [226] Ra [Rn]7s 2 88 44,96 Sc [Ar]3d 1 4s 2 21 88,91 Yttri Y [Kr]4d 1 5s 2 39 138,9 Lantan La [Ar]5d 1 6s 2 57 [227] Actini Ac [Ar]6d 1 7s 2 89 47,87 Titan Ti [Ar]3d 2 4s 2 22 91,22 Zirconi Zr [Kr]4d 2 5s 2 40 178,5 Hafni Hf [Ar]4f 14 5d 2 6s 2 72 [261] Rf [Ar]5f 14 6d 2 7s 2 104 50,94 V [Ar]3d 3 4s 2 23 92,91 Niobi Nb [Kr]4d 3 5s 2 41 180,9 Tantal Ta [Ar]4f 14 5d 3 6s 2 73 [262] Dubni Db [Ar]5f 14 6d 3 7s 2 105 1,008 H 1s 1 1 Tên 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Li K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Cr Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H 2 Cu Hg Ag Pt Au s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 8 cation (ion +) M m+ + m.e VD: n 8 – n) electron anion (ion –) 8 –n).e X –(8–n) VD: Al Al 3+ + 3e 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 1 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 – 3e F + 1e F – 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 không khác nhau. – O). ) 1,7 0,4 < < < < 1,7 < < < < 0,4 Na + + Cl – NaCl H + Cl H Cl Cl + Cl Cl Cl s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 cation và anion. MgCl 2 … silic… cao. * ** *) 1 (A (B (C (D 2 (A) Na + , Mg + , Al + . (B) Na + , Mg 2+ , Al 4+ . (C) Na 2+ , Mg 2+ , Al 3+ . (D) Na + , Mg 2+ , Al 3+ . 3 (A (B (C (D 4 (A (B (C (D s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 5 (A (B + và ion O 2- . (C + và ion Cl – . (D + và ion Cl – . 6 (A (B (C (D 7 không (A (B (C (D 8 (A) hai phi kim khác nhau. (B (C (D 9 2 (A) ion. (B (C (D A (A) K 2 O. (B) N 2 . (C) H 2 S. (D) MgCl 2 . B không (A) O 2 . (B) NH 3 . (C) HF. (D) NH 4 Cl. C nào dư i đây không A) Na 2 O. B) H 2 S. C) CaCl 2 . D) KCl. D (A) HCl, Cl 2 , H 2 . (B) NH 3 , HCl, NH 4 Cl. (C) NaCl, NH 4 NO 3 , H 2 O. (D) H 2 S, HF, NaF. s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 E NO 3 – , SO 4 2– , CO 3 2– , Br – , NH 4 + là (A) 32, 50, 32, 36, 10. (B) 32, 50, 30, 36, 10. (C) 30, 46, 30, 34, 11. (D) 32, 48, 30, 34, 10. F (A (B (C) ion. (D G đơn v đi n lư A B C D H không (A) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (D) 2. I (A) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. J (A (B (C) Iot. (D K (A (B (C (D s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 VD: NaH, CaH 2 2 2 O 2 , Na 2 O 2 ). VD: VD: 3 và HNO 3 . – Trong NH 3 : x + 3.(+1) = 0 x = –3. – Trong HNO 3 : (+1) + x + 3.(-2) = 0 x = +5. VD: + , Ca 2+ , Cl – 3 – x =+5. VD: 2 (SO 4 ) 3 0 0 0 0 2 2 Cl , N , Cu, Fe 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 4 CuO, HNO , H SO , H O 1 NH 4 + (amoni) -1 OH - NO 3 - (nitrat) NO 2 - (nitrit) HCO 3 - MnO 4 - (pemanganat) -2 CO 3 2- (cacbonat) SO 4 2- (sunfat) SO 3 2- (sunfit) CrO 4 2- (cromat) Cr 2 O 7 2- -3 PO 4 3- (photphat) s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 L 2 , H 2 (A) +3, -2, +1, +1. (B) 0, 0, 0, 0. (C) +2, -2, +1, +1. (D) +3, -2, 0, 0. M 2 , C, N 2 (A) 0, 0, 0, 0. (B) +2, -2, 0, 0. (C) 0, 0, +4, +1. (D) +2, -2,+4, +1. N (A) 0. (B) +1. (C) +2. (D) -2. O 2 O 3 , AlCl 3 (A) 0, +2, +3. (B) 0, +3, +3. (C) +3, +3, +3. (D) 0, -3, -3. P 2 , Na 2 O, Na 2 O 2 n lư (A) 0,-2, -1, -2. (B) 0, -2, -2, -2. (C) -2, -2, -2, -2. (D) 0, -1, -1, -2. Q 4 2- là (A) +2. (B) +4. (C) +6. (D) -2. R 2 - và NO 3 - (A) +1, +3. (B) +3, +5. (C) +5, +7. (D) +3, +7. S 3 2- , HSO 3 - , SO 4 2- và HSO 4 - (A) +4, +4, +6, +6. (B) -2, -1, -2, -1. (C) +4, +4, +4, +4. (D) +6, +6, +6, +6. T x O y là (A) (B) (C) +y. (D) –y. U x là (A) -2x. (B) +(2x-1). (C) +(1-2x). (D) +5x. 2y . x 2y . x s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 VD1: + Na Na + + 1e 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 – – Cl + 1e Cl – 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 Na + + Cl – NaCl VD2: 2 . 2+ Ca Ca 2+ + 2e 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 – – 2Cl + 2.1e 2Cl – 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 2 Ca 2+ + 2Cl – CaCl 2 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 V (a) K và Cl. (b) Na và O. (c) Mg và F. (d) Al và O. W a. Na + (Z = 11), Al 3+ (Z = 13), Fe 3+ (Z = 26). b. F – (Z = 9), O 2– (Z = 8), Cl (Z = 17). X Cation R + 6 . . H N H H H Cl Cl Cl – Cl N H H H O H H H – O –H H 2 O 2 CO HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 C O H O N O O H O N O O H – O – O – H C O O H O H O S O H O H O S O O Y SO 2 N 2 Z a b 3 , CO 2 , Cl 2 . 2 , PCl 5 . 2 . S O O O = S O 5 . P Cl C l C l C l C l P Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl * ** *) – ". 5 , SF 6 … Y 4 , H 2 , SO 2 , N 2. Z 2 , Cl 2 , NH 3 , H 2 O. a 2 O 2 , CO, HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 . b sau:. CH 4 4H C + H C H H H C H H H H CTCT: H 2 H H + H H CTCT: H–H (c) s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 OS O O 2 S + CTCT: S =O O N N N N + CTCT: N H 2 Cl 2 NH 3 H 2 O H