The teacher told students not to talk in class.. Form: S + told + O + S + V Note : said to told Khi chuyển từ một lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp chúng ta cần lưu ý một số vấn đề s
Trang 1Name : ……… REPORTED SPEECH
1 Câu mệnh lệnh gián tiếp : Reported commands.
@ Affirmative :
Ex: Tom said: “Please wait for me here, Mary”
Tom told Mary to wait for him there
Form: S + told / advised / command / tell / request … + O + to - infinitive.
@ Negative:
Ex : “Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said
The teacher told students not to talk in class
Form: S + told / advised / command / tell / request … + O + not to - infinitive.
Note : Some verbs used when Reported commands: advise, ask, beg,command,
encourage, entreat, expect, forbid, implore, instruct, invite, order, persuade,
recommend, remind, request, tell, urge, warn ….
2 Câu hỏi gián tiếp : Reported questions.
a.Yes/No questions:
Ex: “Did you see this film?” Minh asked
Minh asked me if / whether I had seen that film
Form: S + asked ( + O) / wanted to know / wondered + if/whether + S +V
b.Wh- questions:
Ex: They asked us: “Where are you going on holiday?”
They asked us where we were going on holiday
Form: S + asked ( + O )/ wanted to know / wondered + Wh- words + S +V
3 Câu trần thuật gián tiếp : Reported statements.
Ex: He said to me: “ I haven’t finished my work.”
He told me he hadn’t finished his work
Form: S + told + O + S + V
Note : said to told
Khi chuyển từ một lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp chúng ta cần lưu ý một số vấn đề sau:
- Nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở các thì hiện tại chúng ta giữ nguyên thì của động từ
chính, đại từ chỉ định và các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn cũng như trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong
câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang gián tiếp (giữ nguyên)
Ex: He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week”
He says he is going to Ha Noi next week
- Nếu động từ tường thuật của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động chính về quá khứ một
bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói giáng tiếp; các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và
nơi chốn, đại từ chỉ định được chuyển đổi theo quy tắc sau:
Direct speech Reported speech Direct speech Reported speech
will / shall would/should am/ is / are going to was / were going to Present simple Past simple
Present continuous Past continuous Past continuous Past perfect continuous Present pefect Past perfect
today that day tonight that night tomorrow the next day the following day yesterday the day before the previous day ago before
now then this that these those here there
4 Trường hợp đặc biệt : Special cases.
Đông từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có t/gian xác định.
Ex: He said,”I was born in 1980.”
He said that he was born in 1980
Câu điều kiện lọai 2,3:
Ex: He said,”If I were you , I wouldn’t come here.”
He said if he were me , he wouldn’t come there
Past subjuntive : ( trong wish – clause , as if … )
Ex: Mary said, I wish I were a boy.”
Mary said that she wished she were a boy
Trong lời nói trực tiếp có : could , would , should , might , used to , ought to , would rather , had better …
Ex: Tom said to me “ You had better not contact her.”
Tom told me I had better not contact her
Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý.
Ex: My teacher said “the sun rises in the East.”
My teacher said the sun rises in the East
Exercise: Put into indirect speech.
1.He said: “I shall expect her”
-2.He said: “I can’t find my hat”
-3.She said: “I am going to the movies tomorrow”
-4.Lan said to me: “You are looking much better”
-5.He says: “The river is rising early this year”
Trang 2
-6.She said to me: “I will do it if necessary I can”
-7.He said to his friend: “Did you see the accident yesterday?”
-8.John said to me: “How did you come here?”
-9.He said: “Have you finished your task, Nam?”
-10.He said: “Yesterday evening I met Nam He has bought a new car”
-11.She said to me: “Who is this book?”
-12.Nam said to his father: “Please let me go to Paris”
-13.He said to me: “Do you like to live in Orange Country?
-14.My friend asked me: “ Have you a lot of money?”
-15.He said: “I can’t meet you here either today or tomorrow”
-16.They said: “We did it yesterday”
-17 ‘ If I were you, I’d read the exam questions very carefully.’ Teacher said
Teacher advised Minh
-18 ‘ You had better not waste your time, Betty.’ Tom said
Tom advised
-19 “Shut the door but don’t lock it”, I said to him
I told
-20 ‘ I image I’ll see Sue at the party.’ john said
John hoped
-21 ‘ Don’t forget to give the book to Jane’ David said
David reminded
-22 Before Tim went to bed, his father said, ‘Don’t forget to brush your teeth.’
Before Tim went to bed, his father reminded
-23." Is this your new calculator, Mai?" Nam asked
Nam
-24." Tell me what you saw at the party yesterday?" I said to Tom
I
-25.“ Do you know how far the drug store is?” The foreigner asked me
The foreigner
-26 “ Will you please water the flowers for me tonight, Jim?” said the old woman
-27 I said to John, “Why aren’t you looking for a job?”
-28 Nancy said: “Why didn’t you call me,John?’
Nacy
wanted -29 “Remember to give your parents my regard, Lan” Nam said
Nam
said -30 “Teacher, give us better marks, please” the puplis said
The
pupils -31 Mr Smith said to her:”Where will you go on your vacation?”
Mr Smith asked -32.He said: “I am very proud of my parents, Daisy”
He
told -33 “Be modest if you are a good pupil,Lan” said her mother
Lan’s mother told her -34.“Can I use your phone?” he said to me
He
asked -35 ” Whose car did you borrow last night?” I said to him
I
wondered -36 'If I had any money, I'd buy you a drink,' she said to me
-37 'If I were you, I'd stop smoking,' she said to her brother
-38 'Can you lend me ten pounds?' said the boy to me
The boy asked
-39 “Don’t play with the matches!”I said to Jack
I
warned -40 'Don't swim out too far, boys.' said the pool guard
The pool guard warned -
41 'Don't forget to attend the meeting tomorrow 'she said to her friends
She
Trang 3reminded -Review Reported speech with To Infinitive and Gerund.
a) With infinitive : khi thuật lại một lời yêu cầu với told, asked, demanded , một lời
khuyên với advised, một lời hứa với promised, một đề nghị với offered, một lời mời với
invited hay một sự nhắc nhớ với reminded vv
Eg : a) “ You had better not tell lies to others”, his mother said
His mother advised him not to tell lies to others.
b) “ I’ll wake you up tomorrow” said he to me
He promised to wake me up the following day.
b) With Gerund : khi thuật lại một lời chúc mừng, lời xin lỗi, một đề nghị, một ước mơ,
lời cảm ơn, sự cảnh báo, sự trách móc, sự thú nhận hay chối bỏ vv Các cấu trúc động
từ này thường là : Form: Verb + (OBJECT) + Preposition + (NOT) V-ing
We don’t use “say” in this structure.
Note : Some verbs followed by object + preposition + gerund :
+ forgive … for … : tha thứ ….cho …
+ thank for : cảm ơn về
+ congratulate on : chúc mừng về
+ accuse of : trách móc, tố cáo về
+ blame for : khiển trách , đổ lỗi … cho …
+ warn against : cảnh giác tránh khỏi
+ prevent from : ngăn cản tránh khỏi
+ stop from : ngừng … khỏi …
+ apologize ……for : xin lỗi … về
+ insist … on : một mực/kiên quyết đòi
+ dream of : mơ về
+ look forward to : nóng lòng / mong …
+ think of : nghĩ về
+ admit : thú nhận # deny : chối bỏ
a) “ You sent me a pretty card Thank you for it”, said Jane to Tom
Jane thanked Tom for sending/having sent her a pretty card.
b) “ Let’s me pay for your meal I really want”, Tom said to his friend, Daisy
Tom insisted on paying for Daisy’s meal
Exercise:
I.Change direct speech into reported speech :
1 “Thanks for helping me.”Mary said
Mary
thanked -2 “I’ll drive you to the airport I insist,”John said to Linda
John insisted
-3 “I’m happy you have passed the final exams Congratulations!”Jim said to you
Jim congratulated
-4 “It was nice of you to invite me to the dinner Thank you,”Miss White said to Peter
Miss White thanked
-6 “I’m sory I didn’t phone you earlier,”Margaret said to you
Margaret
apologized -7 “I have always wanted to be a pilot,”Paul said to you
Paul has always dreamed
of -8 “You didn’t do what I said,”the mother said to her son
The mother accused
-9 She said,“Children, stay away from the water”
She
warned -10 “You damaged my bicycle, John!”Said Margaret
Margaret accused -11.'If I catch the plane, I'll be home by five,' he said
-12.'You should stay in bed if you feel unwell.' my mother said
-13.'What would you do if you were having a problem with grammar, Jane?'
Ann asked -14.'If I'd had my mobile yesterday, I could have contacted you,' Matthew said to Jane
-15.'If I don't practice my English, I won't get any better,' she said
-16.'If you press this switch, the computer will come on,' he said to his students
-17.'I'd have been in bad trouble if you hadn't helped me,' he said to his friends
-18 'If the door is clocked, what shall I do ?' she said to herself
She wondered
-19 'If I were you, I'd read the exam questions very carefully.' said the teacher to us
The teacher advised
-20 'It’s better to have the theater built next to the town hall.' they said
They offered
-21 'Okay, I'll collect David from school ', said his father
David’ father promised
-22 'Please stay for a few more days.' she said to us
She invited
-23 'We'll fight the ban on smoking in public places.', said the heavy smokers
The heavy smokers threatened
-24 “I imagine I'll see Olivia at the party.' said Tom
Tom hoped
-25 'Let me take the children into town.', he said
He volunteered
Trang 4-26 'It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party Thanks very much.' said Mike
to Jane
Mike thanked
-27 'I must have made a mistake in the calculations.'
Mr Forest admitted
-28 'I'll pay for the meal.'
Sarah insisted
-29 'Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.'
Neil suggested
-30 'I'm sorry I couldn't come to visit you last summer.' said Kate to me
Kate apologized
-31 'I hear you won the championship Congratulations!' said Dane
Dane congratulated
-32 'I wish I'd asked for his name and address.' said Mary
Mary regretted
-33 'You've dirtied the floor, children.' said Mrs Brown
Mrs Brown accused
-34 'You mustn't drink too much caffeine.' Marta said to me
Marta warned
-35 'It's not true! I have never been arrested!' Larry said
Larry denied
-36 'I gave you my textbook last week I insist,' Tom said to Mai
Tom insisted
II Change the following sentences into the indirect speech, using the verbs in brackets:
1.Nga said that she was sorry she dropped the jug.(apologise)
-2.The policeman said that the thief stole the bicycle.(accuse)
-3.The thief said that he didn’t take the bicycle.(deny)
-4.Tom said that he would drive Kate to the station.(insist)
-5.Ba said that he broke the mobile phone.(admit)
-6.Lan said that they should go for a picnic on Sunday.(suggest)
-7.Daivid said that ha always wanted to be a rich man.(dream)
-8.The manager told the visitors not ot stay at the hotel near the airport.(warn)
-9 Jean said“No, it is not true I didn’t steal the money!”.(deny)
-10.Peter said “Why don’t we go to the cinema this evening?”(suggest )
-11 David told“I ‘ve broken your pen I ‘m sorry, Jack”(apologise)
-12 “No, no, you really must have another drink.”Dick said.(insist)
-13 “It was me who stole the money”said Jim.(admit)
-14 Jane said, “Let’s go to the Zoo, shall we?”(suggest)
-15 “Don’t touch that flower!” the old lady said the boy.(warn)
-16 “Don’t use the telephone after eleven o’clock” (TELL)
-17 “Please, give me money” (BEG)
-18 “Eat your meal, Nam!” (TELL)
-19 “Don’t go away!” (ADVISE)
-20 “Go and buy some meat ! Don’t be long!”(ORDER)
-21 “I’ll take you to town” (OFFER)
-22 “My friend will eat all food in fridge” (AGREE)
-23 “Lan ‘ll go to the cinema with me” (PROMISE)
-24 “Don’t sit on my hat!” (REQUEST)
-25.“John, remember to pay th watch to me.” (REMIND)
Trang 5
-II Multiple Choice.
1 “ Do you like this book?”
a My father wanted to know if I did like that book
b My father asked me if I liked that book
c My father told me if I liked that book d My father said if I liked that book
2 “Let’s go out for a walk, shall we ?”
a She suggested going out for a walk b She suggested to go out for a walk
c She suggested not to go out for a walk d She suggested go out for a walk
3 His wife said to him , “ Write to me as soon as you can ”
a His wife told him to write to her as often as he can
b His wife told him to write to her as often as he could
c His wife told him writing to her as often as he could
d His wife told him writing to her as often as he can
4 “May I see Mr.Pike ?” the guest asked.
a.The guest asked to see Mr.Pike b.Mr.Pike wanted to see the guest
c.The guest invited Mr.Pike to see d.Mr.Pike wanted the guest to see
5.The lift-girl said to me, “I ‘m sorry I can’t take you up in the lift”
a.The lift-girl invited to take me up in the lift
b The lift-girl agreed with me by taking me up in the lift
c.The lift-girl told me to take her up in the lift d.The lift-girl refused to take me up in the lift
6 “I will do it for you, Mary”, Peter said.
a.Peter advised Mary not to do it b Peter advised Mary to do it
c.Peter promised to do it for Mary d.Peter wanted Mary to do it
7 “Susan, can you remember to buy me some sugar?” said Billy.
a.Billy advised Susan to buy him some sugar
b.Billy reminded Susan to buy him some sugar
c.Billy reminded Susan to buy me some sugar
d.Billy invited Susan to buy me some sugar
8 “Don’t talk in class”, the teacher said.
a.The teacher told his student do not talk in class
b.The teacher told his student did not talk in class
c.The teacher told his student not to talk in class
d.The teacher told his student not talking in class
9 “It is you that stolen my purse”,Mr.Pike said to the young man.
a.Mr.Pike told the young man that it was you that stole her purse
b Mr.Pike denied the young man of stealing her purse ( từ chối ,phủ nhận )
c Mr.Pike accused the young man of stealing her purse
d Mr.Pike asked the young man of stealing her purse
10 “Thank you very much for your help, John,”said Daisy.
a.Daisy thanked John for helping her b.Daisy told John to help her
c.Daisy wanted John to help her and said thanks d.Daisy would like John to help her
11 “You cheated in the exam”,the teacher said to his students ( gian lận )
a.The teacher insisted his students on cheating in the exam
b The teacher prevented his students from cheating in the exam
c The teacher advised his students to cheat in the exam
d The teacher accused his students of cheating in the exam
12 “Please give me some more money, Mum,”Daisy said.
a.Daisy protected her mother from giving her some more money b.Daisy insisted her mother on giving her some more money
c.Daisy dreamed of her mother giving her some more money
d Daisy looked forward to giving her mother some more money
13 “ Why didn’t you answer my phone last night?”
a.He asked me why he hadn’t answered my phone last night b.He asked me why I didn’t answer his phoned the night before c He asked me why I hadn’t answered his phone the night after d He asked me why I hadn’t answered his phone the night before
14 “What would you do if you were a billionaire ?” the man said to the woman
a The man asked the woman what would she do if she were a billionaire
b The man asked the woman what she would do if she were a billionaire
c The man asked the woman what you would do if you were a billionaire
d The man asked the woman what would you do if you were a billionaire
15 “ If I were you, I wouldn’t lend her any money”
a He advised me if he had been me ,he wouldn’t have lent her any money
b He advised me to lend her any money c.He advised me not to lend her any money
d He advised me lend her any money
16 “Leave it there if you don’t like it”
a.He asked me to leave it here if I didn’t like it b.He told me to leave it there if I not to like it
c He asked me to leave it there if I didn’t like it
d He told me to leave it here if I didn’t like it
17 “Tell me what is happening to you”
a He told me to tell him what was happening to me
b He asked me to tell him what is happening to me
c He asked me to tell me what was happening to him
d He asked me to tell him what was happening to me
18 “ What were you doing last night , Mr John ? “ the police asked
a The police asked what were you doing last night , Mr John
b The police asked Mr John what he had been doing the night before
c The police asked Mr John what he had been done the night before
d The police asked Mr John what had he been doing the night before
19 “ I have seen that film twice”
a Tom said that he had seen this film twice b.Tom told that he had seen that film twice
c Tom said to me that he had seen that film twice
d Tom said that he had seen that film twice
20 ”Would you mind opening the window?” I said to him
a I said to him if he would mind opening the window
c I told him to mind opening the window b I asked him to open the window
d I asked him to mind opening the window
21 'You broke my glasses,' said the woman to me.
a.The woman insisted on breaking her glasses
b.The woman advised me to break her glasses c.The woman told me to break her glasses
d The woman blamed me for having broken her glasses
22 'Let me pay for the coffee I really want.'
a.Jenny is asked to pay for the coffee b.Jenny suggested paying for the coffee
c.Jenny insisted on paying for the coffee d.Jenny told me to pay for the coffee
Trang 6III Choose the best answer to each question by circling a, b, c, or d :
1 “Would you like to spend the weekend with us?” They -her to spend the
weekend with them a.advised b.ordered c.invited d.begged
2 “Could you open the window please?” She -him to open the window
3 “Go to bed immediately!” Mary’s mother -her to go to bed immediately
4 “Don’t forget to post the letter!” He - me to post the letter
5 “Park the car behind the Van.” The instructor him to park the car behind the Van
6 “Please, turn down the radio!”Mark’s sister -him to turn the radio down
7 “Don’t play with the matches They’re very dangerous.”The teacher -the children not to play with the matches a.ordered b.asked c.warned d.begged
8 “I’ll give you a lift to the airport.”Michelle -to give her husbands a lift to the airport
9 “I won’t lend you any more money.”Matthew -to lend me any more money
10.The teacher said to her student: “You nneed to syudy harder.”She him to study
10 “If I were you , I would go to the doctor.” Peter said to Mary
A Peter told Mary to become a doctor B.Peter told Mary that he would go to the doctor
C Peter advised Mary to go to the doctor D Peter advised Mary not to go to the doctor
26 “I want to borrow your bicycle , John” said Mary
A Mary told John I want to borrow your bicycle
B Mary told John She wanted to borrow his bicycle
C Mary told John he wanted to borrow her bicycle
D John told Mary he wanted to borrow her bicycle